新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间基于列线图预测隔离留观患者的焦虑抑郁情绪

<正>新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)因其传播速度快、传染性强及人群易感等特点,已被我国列入乙类传染病并按甲类传染病管理[1]。发热门诊隔离留观的患者具有发热等类新冠症状且面对环境的改变对心理可能带来负面影响。故本研究探讨COVID-19流行期间发热门诊隔离留观患者焦虑抑郁情绪及相关因素,以期尽早识别高危患者并进行心理干预治疗。     

同时分离纯化枇杷叶中熊果酸和科罗索酸工艺研究

目的采用大孔吸附树脂吸附法同时分离纯化枇杷叶中的熊果酸和科罗索酸,并确定分离纯化工艺。方法采用乙醇浸提法将枇杷叶中的熊果酸和科罗索酸进行提取分离纯化,对15种大孔吸附树脂进行筛选,利用大孔吸附树脂柱层析同时分离纯化枇杷叶中的熊果酸和科罗索酸。结果经过对15种大孔吸附树脂的筛选,HPD722的吸附量最好,因此选择HPD722大孔吸附树脂进行柱分离,并确立了最佳的分离纯化工艺。结论HPD722大孔吸附树脂能够使熊果酸和科罗索酸达到较好的分离纯化,工艺可行。     

丝棉木种子化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性

目的 研究丝棉木Euonymus maackii Rupr.种子的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性.方法 丝棉木种子95%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位采用硅胶、D101、反相HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构.MTT法测定其抗肿瘤活性.结果 从中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为1β-甲基正丁酰氧基-2β-苯甲酰氧基-4α-羟基-6α-呋喃酰氧基-9β,12-二乙酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,2β,8β-三苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(2)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-正己酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(3)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-正辛酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(4)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-正癸酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(5)、卫矛羰碱(6)、6α,12-二乙酸基-1β,9α-二乙酸(β-呋喃羧氧基)-4α-羟基-2β-2-甲基丁酯-β-二氢沉香呋喃(7)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(8)、6α,12-二乙酸基-1β,9 α-二乙酸(β-呋喃羧氧基)-4α-羟基-1β-2-甲基丁酯-β-二氢沉香呋喃(9)、6α,9β,12-四乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(10).化合物6对Hela细胞有明显的抑制作用,IC50为9.76 μg/mL.结论 化合物1为新化合物.化合物6有一定的抗肿瘤活性.     

枇杷叶紫珠化学成分及其细胞毒活性和抗炎活性

目的研究枇杷叶紫珠Callicarpa kochiana的化学成分及其细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。方法枇杷叶紫珠90%丙酮提取物采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、MCI、ODS、重结晶、半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。采用CCK8法、Griess法、ELISA法测定化合物4~5的细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。结果从中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为3,7,3’,4’-tetramethyl-quercetin (1)、pachypodol (2)、14α-hydroxyisopimaric acid(3)、14α-hydroxy-7,15-isopimaradien-18-oic acid (4)、(16R)-16,17-dihydroxyphyllolladan-3-one (5)。化合物4在一定浓度范围内对7种肿瘤细胞具有不同程度的抑制作用,并可以减少RAW264. 7细胞NO、IL-10、MCP-1、TNF-α的释放量。结论化合物1~5均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物4具有细胞毒活性和抗炎活性。     

Limitación auditiva y fragilidad social en hombres y mujeres mayores

ObjectiveTo explore the association between hearing loss and social frailty in a sample of Spanish older adults recruited from primary health care network.MethodCross-sectional study on a sample of 445 non-institutionalized adults aged 65 or more years (190 men and 255 women), recruited from primary care centers in Spain. Three self-reported hearing impairment questions were used to assess hearing loss. Social frailty was deemed to exist when the person presented two or more of the following conditions: living alone, absence of a person to provide help, infrequent contact with family, infrequent contact with friends, lack of confident and lack of help for daily activities in the last 3 months. To study the association between hearing loss and social frailty we used logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders, including physical frailty.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 76.2 years (77.5 years for women). More than half of the participants (54.4%) reported hearing loss and the frequency of social frailty was 23.2%. Hearing loss was associated with social frailty (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.78; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.04-3.06). However, the association was sex-dependent (p for interaction = 0.041). In stratified analysis, the association was only found in women (aOR = 3.21; 95%CI: 1.44-7.17).ConclusionsHearing loss was associated with social frailty in women, but not in men. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this association and to understand the differential effect of gender.     

Loneliness and social isolation among young and late middle-age adults: Associations with personal networks and social participation

Objective: Associations between social networks and loneliness or social isolation are well established among older adults. Yet, limited research examines personal networks and participation on perceived loneliness and social isolation as distinct experiences among younger adults. Accordingly, we explore relationships among objective and subjective measures of personal networks with loneliness and isolation, comparing a younger and older cohort.

Methods: The UC Berkeley Social Networks Study offers unique cohort data on young (21–30 years old, n = 472) and late middle-age adults’ (50–70 years old, n = 637) personal network characteristics, social participation, network satisfaction, relationship status, and days lonely and isolated via online survey or in-person interview. Negative binomial regression models were used to examine associations between social network characteristics, loneliness, and isolation by age group.

Results: Young adults reported twice as many days lonely and isolated than late middle-age adults, despite, paradoxically, having larger networks. For young adults, informal social participation and weekly religious attendance were associated with fewer days isolated. Among late middle-age adults, number of close kin and relationship status were associated with loneliness. Network satisfaction was associated with fewer days lonely or isolated among both age groups.

Conclusion: Distinct network characteristics were associated with either loneliness or isolation for each cohort, suggesting network factors are independently associated with each outcome, and may fluctuate over time. Network satisfaction was associated with either loneliness or isolation among both cohorts, suggesting perceptions of social networks may be equally important as objective measures, and remain salient for loneliness and isolation throughout the life course.     

血芙蓉化学成分的研究

目的研究血芙蓉Teucrium viscidum Bl.的化学成分。方法血芙蓉70%乙醇提取物采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。结果从中分离得到20个化合物,分别鉴定为20β-羟基熊果酸(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、羽扇豆醇(3)、齐墩果酸(4)、木犀草素(5)、槲皮素(6)、芹菜素(7)、β-胡萝卜苷(8)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)、teuvisone (10)、lipidiol (11)、teucvisin B (12)、1,5,9-epideoxyloganin (13)、1,5,9-epideoxyloganic acid (14)、5-epideoxyloganin (15)、argylioside (16)、8-epideoxyloganic acid (17)、radiatoside E (18)、radiatoside F (19)、enmenol-glucoside (20)。结论化合物1、3、7、9、13~20为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1、13~20为首次从石蚕属植物中分离得到。     

医院临床技能培训中心在应对疫情专项技能培训中的作用——以南通大学第五附属医院临床技能培训中心为例

2019 年底新型冠状病毒肺炎（以下简称新冠肺炎）疫情发生后，为抗击疫情和保障医护人员自身安全，开展了传染病防护技能专项培训。在本医院的临床技能培训中心，按“三区两通道”设置模拟隔离病区、开发传染病防控专项培训课程，对全体医护人员（特别是一线医护人员）进行传染病防护技能、进出隔离病区等项目实景培训及实战练习。以期迅速有效地提升医护人员传染病防护技能和防护下临床操作的熟练度、精准度，在更好地治疗患者的同时，实现了医护人员“零感染”的目标。同时也说明在医院临床技能培训中心设置模拟隔离病区、开设传染病防护技能课程，并纳入常态化培训考核的必要性和重要性。