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1.

Background

Glutamate plays a key role for post-ischaemic recovery of myocardial metabolism. According to post hoc analyses of the two GLUTAMICS trials, patients without diabetes benefit from glutamate with less myocardial dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Copeptin reflects activation of the Arginine Vasopressin system and is a reliable marker of heart failure but available studies in cardiac surgery are limited. We investigated whether glutamate infusion is associated with reduced postoperative rises of plasma Copeptin (p-Copeptin) after CABG.

Methods

A prespecified randomised double-blind substudy of GLUTAMICS II. Patients had left ventricular ejection fraction ≤0.30 or EuroSCORE II ≥3.0 and underwent CABG ± valve procedure. Intravenous infusion of 0.125 M L-glutamic acid or saline at 1.65 mL/kg/h was commenced 10–20 min before the release of the aortic cross-clamp and then continued for another 150 min P-Copeptin was measured preoperatively and postoperatively on day one (POD1) and day three. The primary endpoint was an increase in p-Copeptin from the preoperative level to POD1. Postoperative stroke ≤24 h and mortality ≤30 days were safety outcomes.

Results

We included 181 patients of whom 48% had diabetes. The incidence of postoperative mortality ≤30 days (0% vs. 2.1%; p = .50) and stroke ≤24 h (0% vs. 3.2%; p = .25) did not differ between the glutamate group and controls. P-Copeptin increased postoperatively with the highest values recorded on POD1 without significant inter-group differences. Among patients without diabetes, p-Copeptin did not differ preoperatively but postoperative rise from preoperative level to POD1 was significantly reduced in the glutamate group (73 ± 66 vs. 115 ± 102 pmol/L; p = .02). P-Copeptin was significantly lower in the Glutamate group on POD1 (p = .02) and POD 3 (p = .02).

Conclusions

Glutamate did not reduce rises of p-Copeptin significantly after moderate to high-risk CABG. However, glutamate was associated with reduced rises of p-Copeptin among patients without diabetes. These results agree with previous observations suggesting that glutamate mitigates myocardial dysfunction after CABG in patients without diabetes. Given the exploratory nature of these findings, they need to be confirmed in future studies.  相似文献   
2.
BackgroundPolypharmacy is commonly related to poor drug adherence, decreased quality of life and inappropriate prescribing in eldery. Furthermore, this condition also leads to a higher utilization of health services resources, due to the increased risk of adverse drug events, length of stays in hospitals and readmissions rates after discharge.ObjectiveThis Systematic Review aimed to synthesize the current evidence that evaluates pharmaceutical services on polymedicated patients, from an economic perspective.MethodsSystematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies that were published until January 2021. Experimental and observational studies were included in this review, using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and were assessed for quality using the following tools: RoB and ROBINS-I. Two independent reviewers selected the articles and extracted the data.Results3,662 articles were retrieved from the databases. After the screening, 18 studies were included: 9 experimental and 9 observational studies. The studies reported that the integration of the pharmacist as a member of the healthcare team provides an optimized use of pharmacotherapy to polymedicated patients and contributes to health promotion, providing reduction of spending on medication, reduction of expenses related to emergency care and hospitalizations and other medical expenses. The ECRs made cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analysis, and most of the Non Randomized studies had statistically significant cost savings even considering the expenses of pharmaceutical assistance. Experimental studies reported a cost reduction varying between US$ 193 to US$ 4,966 per patient per year. Furthermore, observational studies estimated a cost reduction of varying from US$ 3 to US$ 2,505 per patient per year. The cost savings are related to decrease in emergency visits and hospitalizations, through pharmacist intervention (medication review and pharmacotherapy follow-up).ConclusionsConsidering the set of studies included, pharmaceutical care services directed to polymedicated patients may cooperate to save financial resources. Most of the interventions showed positive economic trends and also contributed to improving clinical parameters and quality of life. However, due to the majority of the studies having exploratory or qualitative methodology, it is essential to carry out more robust studies, based on full economic evaluation.  相似文献   
3.
周荣  康荣 《全科护理》2022,20(1):52-55
目的:探讨基于精细化理念的护理干预在结直肠癌病人围术期护理中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年8月—2021年1月在山西省某三级甲等医院接受手术治疗的80例结直肠癌病人为研究对象,采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组和干预组各40例,对照组给予常规护理,干预组在对照组基础上给予基于精细化理念的护理干预,比较两组病人焦虑得分、躁动发生率以及手术后苏醒时间。结果:干预后,干预组病人焦虑得分为(46.48±3.20)分,明显低于对照组的(48.10±3.68)分(P<0.05);干预组病人躁动发生率为15.00%,明显低于对照组的35.00%(P<0.05);干预组病人苏醒时间为(13.30±2.55)min,明显短于对照组的(15.68±4.95)min(P<0.05)。结论:结直肠癌病人围术期采用基于精细化理念的护理干预可缓解病人焦虑情绪,缩短苏醒时间,降低躁动发生率。  相似文献   
4.
BackgroundSafe pharmaceutical care requires competent nurses with specific knowledge, skills and attitudes. It is unclear whether nursing students are adequately prepared to perform pharmaceutical care in practice. Mapping their pharmaceutical care competences can lead to a better understanding of the extent to which curricula fit expectations of the labour market.ObjectivesTo assess pharmaceutical care competences of final-year nursing students of different educational levels.DesignA cross-sectional survey design.SettingsIn 14 European countries, nursing schools who offer curricula for level 4 to 7 students were approached.ParticipantsThrough convenience sampling 1741 final-year student nurses of level 4 to 7 were included. Sampling strategies were country-specific.MethodsA web-platform was developed with an assessment of the level in which students mastered pharmaceutical care competences. Knowledge questions, case studies (basic/advanced level), self-reported practical skills and attitudes were evaluated.ResultsMean scores for knowledge questions differed significantly (p < 0.001) between level 5 (56/100), level 6 (68/100) and level 7 students (72/100). For basic cases level 5 students reached lower scores (64/100) compared with level 6 (71/100) and level 7 (72/100) students (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005). For more advanced cases no difference between levels was observed (overall mean 61/100). Most students (63–90 %) considered themselves skilled to perform pharmaceutical care and had positive attitudes towards their participation in pharmaceutical care (65–97 %).ConclusionsRelatively low knowledge scores were calculated for final-year student nurses. In some domains, lower levels of students might be insufficiently prepared to take up responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Our assessment can be used as a tool for educators to evaluate how prepared nursing students are for pharmaceutical care. Its further implementation for students of different educational levels will allow benchmarking between the levels, both within and between countries.  相似文献   
5.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder common among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this quality improvement project was to increase identification and referral for sleep study for individuals with T2D at moderate to high risk for OSA. Pre- and post-intervention patient samples were analyzed to compare the number of referrals for sleep study. Results demonstrated that none of the patients pre-intervention were referred for sleep study compared with 77% of patients post-intervention. This project demonstrated implementing an evidence-based tool to screen patients with T2D for OSA leads to higher rates of detection and referral.  相似文献   
6.
目的 开展养老机构志愿者预立医疗照护计划培训并评价其效果。方法 应用基于Bloom目标教学理论构建的养老机构志愿者预立医疗照护计划培训内容,结合《预立医疗照护计划》知识教育手册、《我的五个愿望》手册、案例视频等教具,通过角色扮演、案例讨论等方式对53名养老机构志愿者进行培训。培训前后使用养老机构志愿者预立医疗照护计划知信行及自我效能问卷对志愿者进行调查,根据志愿者角色扮演表现评价其预立医疗照护计划沟通技能。结果 培训前后志愿者预立医疗照护计划认知、态度、行为意愿及自我效能差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),培训后75.47%志愿者预立医疗照护计划沟通技能达合格及以上水平。结论 预立医疗照护计划培训能改善养老机构志愿者的预立医疗照护计划知信行及自我效能感,培养其预立医疗照护计划沟通能力。  相似文献   
7.
目的 探讨集束化干预策略联合闭环管理模式对ICU多重耐药菌感染的防控效果。方法选取2020年1~12月EICU住院患者275例作为对照组,实施常规管理;2021年1~10月EICU住院患者239例作为观察组,在常规管理基础上实施集束化干预策略联合闭环管理。结果实施后,观察组多重耐药菌感染发生率明显低于对照组;患者住院日显著低于对照组,4项护理措施执行率(隔离标识、手卫生、环境消毒、医务人员相关知识知晓)、病原学送检率显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论集束化干预联合信息化闭环管理可有效降低EICU多重耐药菌感染发生率。  相似文献   
8.
目的 探讨基层医院ICU病房责任分组护理管理模式的构建方案以及临床实践应用效果。方法 2020年7~12月ICU采取常规ICU管理模式(实施前),2021年1~6月ICU实施责任分组护理管理模式(实施后),包括责任组长选拔、护士分层搭配、护理工作实施、小组组内沟通、弹性合理排班等。结果 实施后护士满意度、护士团队协作能力评分及护理质量评分显著高于实施前(均P<0.05)。结论 根据基层医院实际情况,构建ICU病房责任分组护理管理模式,可有效提升护士满意度,增强护理人员之间的协作能力,提升护理质量,增强ICU运作效率,实现护理效益最大化。  相似文献   
9.
目的 降低神经外科术中获得性压力性损伤发生率。 方法 将2019年10~12月的1 378例神经外科择期手术患者作为对照组,采取常规护理措施预防术中获得性压力性损伤。将2020年10~12月的1 551例患者作为观察组,成立护理专案小组,开展多学科协作,实施护理专案改善。 结果 观察组术中获得性压力性损伤发生率为0.90%,对照组为2.18%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术中获得性压力性损伤治愈率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组预防术中获得性压力性损伤关键监测指标落实率较好,除术后规范交接班落实875例(61.40%)外,其他指标均>88.00%。 结论 多学科协作护理专案能够有效降低术中获得性压力性损伤发生率,提高术中获得性压力性损伤预防和管理质量。  相似文献   
10.
《Vaccine》2022,40(50):7238-7246
Background/AimInfluenza vaccination is strongly recommended every year for aged care staff to protect themselves and minimise risk of transmission to residents. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with repeated annual influenza vaccine uptake among Australian aged care staff from 2017 to 2019.MethodsDemographic, medical and vaccination data collected from the staff, who participated in an observational study from nine aged care facilities under a single provider in Sydney Australia, were analysed retrospectively. Based on the pattern of repeated influenza vaccination from 2017 to 2019, three groups were identified: (1) unvaccinated all three years; (2) vaccinated occasionally(once or twice) over three years; and (3)vaccinated all three years. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to better understand the factors associated with the pattern of repeated influenza vaccination.ResultsFrom a total of 138 staff, between 2017 and 2019, 28.9 % (n = 40) never had a vaccination, while 44.2 % (n = 61) had vaccination occasionally and 26.8 % (n = 37) had vaccination all three years. In the multinomial logistic regression model, those who were<40 years old (OR = 0.57, 95 % CI: 0.19–0.90, p < 0.05) and those who were current smokers (OR = 0.20; 95 % CI: 0.03–0.76, p < 0.05) were less likely to have repeated vaccination for all three years compared to the unvaccinated group. Those who were<40 years old (OR = 0.61; 95 % CI: 0.22–0.68, p < 0.05) and those who were born overseas (OR = 0.50; 95 % CI:0.27–0.69, p < 0.05) were more likely to be vaccinated occasionally compared to the unvaccinated group.ConclusionThe significant predictors of repeated vaccine uptake across the three-year study period among aged care staff were age, smoking status and country of birth (Other vs Australia). Targeted interventions towards the younger age group (<40 years old), smokers and those who were born overseas could improve repeated influenza vaccination uptake in the aged care workforce.  相似文献   
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