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排序方式: 共有7749条查询结果,搜索用时 28 毫秒
1.
目的 调查脑卒中足下垂患者日常生活活动能力现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2020年12月—2021年10月选取乌鲁木齐市某三级甲等医院康复医学科159例脑卒中足下垂住院患者作为研究对象,使用一般情况调查表、简明国际跌倒效能感量表、Holden步行能力分级、Berg平衡量表以及改良Barthel指数进行调查,采用多元线性回归分析脑卒中足下垂患者日常生活活动能力的影响因素。结果 脑卒中足下垂患者的日常生活活动能力得分为(58.74±19.16)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示:平衡功能、步行能力及跌倒效能进入回归方程(F=95.361,P<0.001),共解释日常生活活动能力总变异的64.2%。结论 脑卒中足下垂患者日常生活活动能力处于中等水平,平衡功能、步行能力及跌倒效能是日常生活活动能力的主要影响因素。临床康复计划中不仅要加强患者平衡功能及步行能力的训练,也要重视对患者跌倒恐惧心理的干预,以更好地恢复患者的日常生活活动能力。  相似文献   
2.
ObjectivesDevelop and evaluate the implementation of a proposed model for large-scale data-driven quality improvement in assisted living.DesignWe conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of the implementation of a large-scale data-driven quality improvement collaborative of Wisconsin assisted living communities (ALCs).Setting and ParticipantsThe model has been voluntarily implemented by 810 Wisconsin-licensed ALCs serving >20,000 residents.MethodsThe model was codesigned iteratively 2009-2012 by a public-private multistakeholder advisory group. Using system usage statistics and project records, we evaluated implementation outcomes: appropriateness, acceptability, adoption, feasibility, fidelity, penetration, and sustainability.ResultsImplementation for ≥1 quarter was feasible for 92% of the 810 ALCs that enrolled. The model has been deemed appropriate and acceptable by public-private stakeholders representing residents, providers, regulators, and payers, and appropriateness for ALCs serving different populations has been iteratively improved through targeted workgroups. The model is currently adopted in Wisconsin by 31% of the 1573 ALCs in provider associations. Among adopters, 88% on average implemented the model with fidelity to key membership rules per quarter. The model achieved demographic and institutional penetration by currently reaching 24% of Wisconsin ALC residents and by leveraging initial grant funding to become integrated in Wisconsin's annual Medicaid budget and being central to Wisconsin's incentive program to managed care organizations. Model implementation for 8 years has been sustained by member enrollment for nearly 4 years on average, with 71% of members enrolled >2 years and sustained early adopters representing 37% that have been enrolled >5 years.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis is the first implementation study of large-scale data-driven quality improvement in assisted living, despite its demonstrated value in other health care sectors. The article proposes a model with core components and implementation strategies drawing on a decade-long public-private collaboration. The implementation study findings establish a promising path and future directions for wider implementation.  相似文献   
3.
Minimally invasive approaches are increasingly being applied in surgeries and have recently been used in living donor hepatectomy. We have developed a safe and reproducible method for minimally invasive living donor liver transplantation, which consists of pure laparoscopic explant hepatectomy and pure laparoscopic implantation of the graft, which was inserted through a suprapubic incision. Pure laparoscopic explant hepatectomy without liver fragmentation was performed in a 60-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The explanted liver was retrieved through a suprapubic incision. A modified right liver graft, procured from his 24-year-old son using the pure laparoscopic method, was inserted through a suprapubic incision, and implantation was performed intracorporeally throughout the procedure. The time required to remove the liver was 369 min, and the total operative time was 960 min. No complications occurred during or after the surgery. The patient recovered well, and his hospital stay was of 11 days. Pure laparoscopic living donor liver transplantation from explant hepatectomy to implantation was performed successfully. It is a feasible procedure when performed by a highly experienced surgeon and transplantation team. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm its safety and feasibility.

  相似文献   

4.
ObjectivesGeriatric inpatient rehabilitation aims to restore function, marked by physical performance, to enable patients to return and remain home after hospitalization. However, after discharge some patients are soon readmitted, institutionalized, or may die. Whether changes in physical performance during geriatric rehabilitation are associated with these short-term adverse outcomes is unknown. This study aimed to determine the association of changes in physical performance during geriatric inpatient rehabilitation with short-term adverse outcomes.DesignObservational longitudinal study.Setting and ParticipantsGeriatric rehabilitation inpatients of the REStORing health of acutely unwell adulTs (RESORT) cohort study of the Royal Melbourne Hospital (Melbourne, Australia) were included.MethodsThe change from admission to discharge in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, balance, gait speed (GS), chair stand test (CST), and hand grip strength (HGS) were calculated and analyzed using logistic regression analysis with readmission, incidence of institutionalization, and mortality, and ≥1 adverse outcome within 3 months postdischarge.ResultsOf 693 inpatients, 11 died during hospitalization and 572 patients (mean age 82.6 ± 7.6 years, 57.9% female) had available physical performance data. Within 3 months postdischarge, 47.3% of patients had ≥1 adverse outcome: readmission was 20.8%, institutionalization was 26.6%, and mortality was 7.9%. Improved SPPB score, balance, GS, CST, and HGS were associated with lower odds of institutionalization and mortality. Improved GS was additionally associated with lower odds of readmission [odds ratio (OR) 0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.79]. CST score had the largest effect, with a 1-point increase associating with 40% lower odds of being institutionalized (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42-0.86), 52% lower odds of mortality (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.81), and a 24% lower odds of ≥1 adverse outcome (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.97).Conclusions and ImplicationsImprovement in physical performance was associated with lower odds of short-term institutionalization and mortality indicating the prognostic value of physical performance improvement during geriatric inpatient rehabilitation.  相似文献   
5.
李冬  金鎏  雒香茹  范广俊  王蕊 《中国医院药学杂志》2022,42(12):1264-1266,1275
目的: 建立替加环素在危重症患者中的群体药动学模型,探究该类人群中影响替加环素药动学的因素。方法: 收集静脉使用替加环素的危重症患者的血样,使用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定替加环素的血药浓度。利用NONMEM软件估算替加环素的药动学参数,通过向前纳入法和逆向剔除法建立替加环素群体药动学模型,并对该模型进行验证和评价。结果: 收集54名患者的143个血药浓度建立替加环素的群体药动学模型,静脉给药的一室模型较好地描述替加环素的药动学特征,替加环素的清除率(CL)、表观分布容积(Vd)的群体典型值分别为11.3 L·h-1和105 L,患者的APACHE Ⅱ评分和年龄对模型有显著影响。结论: 建立的替加环素群体药动学模型预测性能稳定良好,APACHE Ⅱ评分影响替加环素CL,年龄影响替加环素Vd,可为临床替加环素在危重症患者中的个体化给药提供参考。  相似文献   
6.
BackgroundPrior to dolutegravir availability, ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) was an alternative recommendation when first-line drugs could not be used. A high concentration of protease inhibitors was observed in the Thai people living with HIV (PLWH). Thus, dose reduction of LPV/r may be possible. However, the pharmacokinetics and dose optimization of LPV/r have never been investigated. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of LPV/r and provide dosage optimization in Thai PLWH.MethodsLPV and RTV trough concentrations from Thai PLWH were combined with intensive data. The data were analyzed by the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. The influence of RTV concentration on LPV oral clearance (CL/F) was investigated.ResultsRifampicin (RIF) use increased LPV and RTV CL/F by 2.16-fold and 1.99-fold, respectively. The reduced dose of 300/75 and 200/150 mg twice daily provided a comparable percentage of patients achieving LPV target trough concentration to the standard dose for PI-naïve patients. For HIV/TB co-infected patients receiving RIF who could not tolerate the recommended dose, the reduced dose of 600/150 mg twice daily was recommended.ConclusionThe population pharmacokinetic model was developed by integrating the interaction between LPV and RTV. The reduced LPV/r dosage offers sufficient LPV exposure for Thai PLWH.  相似文献   
7.
目的:降低儿童服用地高辛导致洋地黄中毒风险发生率,保证用药安全。方法:运用追踪方法学对监测中发现的儿童洋地黄中毒案例进行个案追踪,找出可能存在的风险点,再运用系统追踪法,剖析系统或流程中的潜在风险,制定对策,持续改进,并评价追踪前后的管理效果。结果:个案追踪发现儿童洋地黄中毒风险点主要是药物剂量和合并用药,系统追踪发现存在药品因素、人员因素和信息系统因素等导致的风险。通过系列控制风险措施的实施,追踪后再未发生儿童洋地黄中毒事件和超说明书剂量医嘱,治疗药物监测(TDM)监测率和治愈率追踪后较追踪前有明显提高(P<0.05)。结论:药师运用追踪方法学进行儿童洋地黄中毒风险点的挖掘和防范措施的实施,可降低儿童洋地黄中毒事件发生率,保障儿童用药安全  相似文献   
8.
目的 探讨城市社区空巢老人社会支持与自理能力现状,并分析社会支持对空巢老人自理能力的影响。方法 采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取山东省城市社区卫生服务机构的2597名空巢老人作为研究对象,采用自编一般资料调查表、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)进行调查。结果 山东省社区空巢老人社会支持评分为低、中水平占97.2%,ADL受损者占74.1%;社会支持总评分(r=-0.137,P<0.01)及其主观支持(r=-0.150,P<0.01)、客观支持(r=-0.086,P<0.01)维度与日常生活活动能力呈负相关;回归结果显示,不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、患慢性病情况、两周患病情况、社会支持是ADL的影响因素,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 社区空巢老人自理能力较差,社会支持水平较低,社会支持与空巢老人自理能力呈负相关。通过“政府-社区-家庭”支持系统加强对空巢老人的社会支持,提升老年人自我照顾能力,提高其生活质量。  相似文献   
9.
10.
ObjectivesMalnutrition and cognitive impairment are associated with poor functional recovery in older adults following hip-fracture surgery. This study examined the combined effects of cognitive impairment and nutritional trajectories on postoperative functional recovery for older adults following hip-fracture surgery.DesignProspective longitudinal correlational study.Setting and ParticipantsThis study recruited 350 older adults (≥60 years of age) who received hip-fracture surgery at a 3000-bed medical center in northern Taiwan from September 2012 to March 2020.MethodsParticipant data were collected over a 2-year period after surgery for nutritional and cognitive status and activities of daily living (ADLs). Participants were grouped by type of nutritional trajectory using group-based trajectory modeling. Generalized estimating equations analyzed associations between trajectory groups/cognitive status at discharge and performance of ADLs.ResultsNutritional trajectories best fit a 3-group trajectory model: malnourished (19%), at-risk of malnutrition (40%), and well-nourished (41%). Nutritional status for the malnourished group declined from 12 months to 24 months following surgery; nutritional status remained stable for at-risk of malnutrition and well-nourished groups. Interactions for cognitive impairment-by-nutritional status were significant: the malnourished + intact cognition subgroup had significantly better ADLs than the malnourished + cognitive impairment subgroup (b = 27.1, 95% confidence interval = 14.0–40.2; P < .001). For at-risk of malnutrition and well-nourished groups, there were no significant differences between cognitive impairment and intact cognition in ADLs. These findings suggest that nutritional status may buffer the negative effect of cognitive impairment on ADLs.Conclusions and ImplicationsBetter nutritional status over time for older adults following hip fracture can protect against adverse influences of cognitive impairment on ADLs during postoperative recovery. Participants with malnutrition and cognitive impairment had the poorest ADLs. These findings suggest interventions tailored to improving nutritional status may improve recovery for older adults following hip-fracture surgery.  相似文献   
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