Efficacy,immunogenicity, and safety of available vaccines in children on biologics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vaccinations are essential for preventing infectious diseases in children with chronic diseases as they have increased risk of infection from frequent use of biologics. Response to immunizations in this group is not well known.ObjectiveA systematic review was performed to evaluate three primary outcomes: efficacy; immunogenicity; and safety of vaccines in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.MethodsThe protocol for our systematic review and meta-analysis was registered and published with PROSPERO. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for studies published from 2009 to 2019, focusing on vaccinations in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.ResultsWe retrieved 532 records. Thirty-one full-text articles were selected, and 14 were included in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was found. Efficacy: limited data are available regarding the efficacy of vaccination, as most studies have focused on immunogenicity as surrogate outcome for efficacy. Immunogenicity: patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of poor seroconversion (p = 0.028) and seroprotection by the serotype B influenza vaccine [inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) p = 0.013; juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) p = 0.004]. We found adequate responses with H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes. Few studies existed for pneumococcal, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, varicella-zoster virus, Measles Mumps Rubella virus, and multiple vaccine administration. Safety: vaccine administration was not associated with serious side effects, but JIA patients on anti-TNF alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of presenting with myalgia or arthralgia postinfluenza vaccine (p = 0.014).ConclusionsMore evidence concerning efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of vaccinations is needed to guide physicians in the vaccine decision process for this pediatric population.     

刍议清络法论治特发性肺纤维化急性发作＊

本文通过对特发性肺纤维化急性发作病因病机的分析，认为其病因为外邪或内伤引动肺络虚火，从阳化热，病机为“肺热”、“络瘀”；并结合其病因病机，探究归纳《温病条辨》中清络法和中药复方清络饮在论治特发性肺纤维化急性发作时的理论基础，为临床中论治特发性肺纤维化急性发作，改善患者症状提供新方法，为肺络病证治体系构建及应用提供新思路。     

Automated assessment of the substantia nigra on susceptibility map-weighted imaging using deep convolutional neural networks for diagnosis of Idiopathic Parkinson's disease

ObjectivesDespite its use in determining nigrostriatal degeneration, the lack of a consistent interpretation of nigrosome 1 susceptibility map-weighted imaging (SMwI) limits its generalized applicability. To implement and evaluate a diagnostic algorithm based on convolutional neural networks for interpreting nigrosome 1 SMwI for determining nigrostriatal degeneration in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD).MethodsIn this retrospective study, we enrolled 267 IPD patients and 160 control subjects (125 patients with drug-induced parkinsonism and 35 healthy subjects) at our institute, and 24 IPD patients and 27 control subjects at three other institutes on approval of the local institutional review boards. Dopamine transporter imaging served as the reference standard for the presence or absence of abnormalities of nigrosome 1 on SMwI. Diagnostic performance was compared between visual assessment by an experienced neuroradiologist and the developed deep learning-based diagnostic algorithm in both internal and external datasets using a bootstrapping method with 10000 re-samples by the “pROC” package of R (version 1.16.2).ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval [CI]) per participant by the bootstrap method was not significantly different between visual assessment and the deep learning-based algorithm (internal validation, .9622 [0.8912–1.0000] versus 0.9534 [0.8779-0.9956], P = .1511; external validation, 0.9367 [0.8843-0.9802] versus 0.9208 [0.8634-0.9693], P = .6267), indicative of a comparable performance to visual assessment.ConclusionsOur deep learning-based algorithm for assessing abnormalities of nigrosome 1 on SMwI was found to have a comparable performance to that of an experienced neuroradiologist.     

肋骨畸形对中度先天性脊柱侧凸患者肺功能的影响

目的:探讨不同程度肋骨畸形对中度先天性脊柱侧凸(CS)患者肺功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院2008年1月～2016年12月收治的108例中度CS(胸弯Cobb角40°～70°)患者的临床资料,其中男性49例,女性59例,年龄10～18岁,平均13.5±2.1岁。根据患者肋骨畸形的形态特征及范围将患者分为三组。无畸形组,无肋骨畸形;简单畸形组,有1～2根肋骨数目改变或2～3根肋骨局部融合或分叉;复杂畸形组,3根以上肋骨融合或分叉,或出现胸壁缺损。测量三组患者的影像学及肺功能参数。影像学参数包括:侧凸Cobb角、胸椎后凸角、胸弯累及椎体数、胸廓高度、胸廓横径;肺功能参数包括:肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大通气量(MVV)实测值以及实测值占预计值的百分比(实/预)和FEV1/FVC值。对各组影像学参数和肺功能参数的差异进行分析。同时采用卡方检验对各组患者肺功能损害程度和损害模式分布进行分析。结果:三组患者影像学参数(胸弯Cobb角、胸弯后凸角、胸弯累及椎体节段数、胸廓高度、胸廓横径等)均无统计学差异(P0.05)。三组患者中简单畸形组和无畸形组相比,肺功能无显著差异[VC:(81.88±11.11)%vs(78.22±8.49)%; FVC:(81.66±9.72)%vs (78.35±6.74)%; FEV1:(79.50±10.18)%vs (75.73±8.44)%; MVV:(79.10±12.48)%vs (75.04±7.21)%,P0.05]。而复杂畸形组患者肺功能明显比无畸形组较差[VC:(64.68±10.00)%vs (78.22±8.49)%,P=0.012; FVC:(64.61±10.57)%vs (78.35±6.74)%,P0.001; FEV1:(59.57±10.16)%vs (75.73±8.44)%,P0.001; MVV:(62.82±12.02)%vs (75.04±7.21)%,P=0.014]。无畸形组和简单畸形组患者肺功能损害程度无统计学差异,均以轻度及中度肺功能障碍患者为主(χ~2=1.314,P=0.532);而在复杂畸形组中,则以中度及重度肺功能障碍患者居多(χ~2=40.1,P0.001)。三组CS患者肺功能损害类型均以混合性通气功能障碍为主(χ~2=6.4,P=0.202)。结论:对于中度CS患者,简单肋骨畸形对肺功能的影响与无畸形组相比无显著差异,而复杂肋骨畸形与其他两组相比对于肺功能的影响较大,其肺功能损害程度以中重度肺功能障碍为主,肺功能损害类型方以混合性通气功能障碍为主。     

The Duration of the correction loss after removing cheneau brace in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate the loss of truncal rotation over 54 hours after removing Chêneau brace.

Spermatogenesis disorder is associated with mutations in the ligand‐binding domain of an androgen receptor

Androgens play a key role in spermatogenesis, and their functions are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). Some mutations in the AR gene have the potential to alter the primary structure and function of the protein. The aim of this study was to investigate the AR gene mutations in a cohort of males with idiopathic azoospermia referred to Royan Institute. Fifty‐one biopsy samples were obtained for routine clinical purposes from 15 men with hypospermatogenesis (HS), 17 patients with maturation arrest (MA) and 19 patients with Sertoli cell‐only syndrome (SCOS). The AR cDNAs were prepared from tissue mRNAs and were sequenced. One synonymous variant and three nonsynonymous protein coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) were detected. Protein structure prediction demonstrated that the S815I and M746T nonsynonymous variants would affect protein structure and its normal function. Our study suggests that mutations in the AR gene would change or disturb the receptor's normal activity. Although these variations may influence spermatogenesis, it is difficult to say that they lead to a lack of spermatogenesis.