脑血管支架成形术后脑高灌注综合征

目的探讨脑动脉支架成形术后高灌注综合征(cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome,CHS)的发病机制及临床表现。方法回顾性分析中国人民解放军第306医院4例脑动脉狭窄支架成形术后发生CHS患者的临床资料。结果本组4例CHS中男性3例,女性1例,年龄43~77岁。2例行颈动脉狭窄支架成形术(carotid artery stenting,CAS),1例行CAS及椎动脉支架置入术,1例行基底动脉狭窄支架成形术。发生CHS症状时间在术后1 h~3 d。症状为头痛3例,右侧肢体偏瘫1例,视物不清1例,意识障碍1例,头计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)提示脑实质出血2例,蛛网膜下腔出血1例,脑水肿1例。经降压、脱水等治疗后,3例均恢复良好,1例死亡。结论脑动脉支架成形术后CHS是一种少见及严重的疾病,需提高认识,尽早诊断,尽早治疗。     

婴幼儿全身强直-阵挛癫痫发作间期SPECT与长程EEG的对比研究

目的通过对全身强直-阵挛性癫痫婴幼儿发作间期单光子发射计算机断层成像术(single-photon emission computedtomography,SPECT)与长程脑电图的对比研究,评价SPECT与EEG在癫痫灶定位诊断的价值。方法对100例3岁内全身强直-阵挛癫痫患儿进行癫痫发作类型的确诊和神经系统检查、发作间期SPECT显像、长程EEG与影像学检查。结果发作间期SPECT异常76例(76%),高灌注43例(56.6%)、低灌注30例(39.5%)、高-低灌注3例(3.9%);异常灌注灶125个:颞叶51个(40.8%)、额叶18个、顶叶21个、枕叶8个、底节区16个、丘脑2个、小脑9个。长程监测脑电图异常84例(84%),痫样放电76例(90.5%),弥漫性异常62例(82.8%)和局灶性异常22例(26.2%)。CT/MRI异常27例(27%)。SPECT异常灌注灶与EEG的致痫灶相符者13例(19.7%),相近者30例(45.5%),不相符者23例(34.8%)。结论婴幼儿全身强直-阵挛性癫痫发作间期SPECT显像的特点以高灌注灶为主,颞叶异常灌注灶数明显高于其他各叶。长程EEG表现痫样放电以广泛性多见。SPECT的异常灌注灶与EEG的致痫灶的相关性较低。临床上应当结合SPECT、长程脑电图等检查结果进行综合分析,以提高致痫灶定位的准确性。     

Transient contrast encephalopathy after carotid artery stenting mimicking diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage: A case report

Several types of brain injury incurred during carotid artery stenting (CAS), such as embolic injury, hemodynamic events, and hemorrhage. Rapid differential diagnosis is important for decision making, and may help to avoid subsequent complications. Here, we describe a case with severe triple vessel coronary artery disease, who underwent right coronary artery (RCA) stenting and ad hoc left CAS. Patient developed neurological deficit two hours after the procedure. Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed diffuse cortical enhancement similar to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Patient recovered dramatically with complete resolution of contrast enhancement after four days of conservative treatment, final diagnosis was a rare reported case of transient contrast encephalopathy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Splenectomy improves survival by increasing arterial blood supply in a rat model of reduced‐size liver

Prevention of acute portal hyperperfusion in small‐for‐size livers by inflow modulation results in beneficial postoperative outcome. The objective of this study was to unravel the underlying mechanism, emphasizing the intimate relationship between portal venous (PV) and hepatic arterial (HA) blood flow (BF). Rats underwent partial hepatectomy (pHx), splenectomy before pHx or splenectomy and ligation of the A. hepatica before pHx. Portal venous blood flow (PVBF), hepatic arterial blood flow (HABF), and tissue pO₂ were assessed during stepwise resection from 30% to 90%. Hepatic regeneration and hypoxia‐responsive gene expression were analyzed in each group after nonlethal 85% pHx. 90% pHx caused a fourfold rise in PVBF, a slight decrease in HABF with a 50% reduction in pO₂, and high mortality. Splenectomy before pHx reduced the PVBF and caused a rise in HABF with doubling in tissue pO₂. An attenuation of hypoxia‐responsive gene expression turned into enhanced hepatocellular regeneration and improved survival. A. hepatica ligation abolished the beneficial effect of splenectomy on tissue oxygenation, proliferation, and outcome. In conclusion, the beneficial effect of splenectomy in small‐for‐size livers can be attributed to a rise in HABF with sufficient oxygen supply rather than to a reduced portal venous hyperperfusion to the remnant liver.     

Massive ascites after living donor liver transplantation with a right lobe graft larger than 0.8% of the recipient’s body weight

Shirouzu Y, Ohya Y, Suda H, Asonuma K, Inomata Y. Massive ascites after living donor liver transplantation with a right lobe graft larger than 0.8% of the recipient’s body weight.
Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 520–527.
© 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Background: There are only limited data on post‐transplant ascites unrelated to small‐sized grafts in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Methods: The subjects were 59 adult patients who had received right lobe LDLT with a graft weight‐to‐recipient weight ratio (GRWR) > 0.8%. Patients were divided into either Group 1 (n = 14, massive ascites, defined as the production of ascitic fluid > 1000 mL/d that lasted longer than 14 d after LDLT) or Group 2 (n = 45, no development of massive ascites). Patients were followed for a median period of 3.0 yr (range, 0.5–7.5 yr). Results: Group 1 had both higher Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score and Child‐Pugh score than Group 2. Portal venous flow volume just after reperfusion was significantly greater in Group 1 than Group 2 (307.8 ± 268.8 vs. 176.2 ± 75.0 mL/min/100 g graft weight, respectively; p < 0.05). Post‐transplant infectious complications including ascites infection developed more frequently within the first post‐transplant month in Group 1. Massive ascites was significantly associated with early graft loss (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Post‐transplant massive ascites associated with portal over‐perfusion into the graft liver can develop in patients with a GRWR over 0.8%. Recipients with post‐transplant massive ascites require careful management to prevent infection.     

Simple Partial Status Epilepticus Localized by Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Subtraction in Chronic Cerebral Paragonimiasis

A patient with chronic cerebral paragonimiasis began to have new motor seizures of the right face manifested by clonic contractions that occurred several hundred times a day, consistent with simple partial status epilepticus. Ictal electroencephalogram discharges started from the left frontal region and then spread to the left hemisphere with left frontal maximum. But clinical seizures were limited to the right face. The frequent partial seizures were controlled by the intravenous infusion of phenytoin. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple conglomerated round nodules with encephalomalacia in the left temporal and occipital lobes. Applying the technique of ictal-interictal single-photo emission computed tomography subtraction, the authors were able to localize the focal ictal-hyperperfusion on left precentral cortex adjacent to the lesions that correspond to the anatomical distribution of left face motor area.     

平板探测器-实质血容量检测评价颈动脉内膜剥脱术围术期脑组织血流灌注

目的 总结分析平板探测器(FPD)-实质血容量(PBV)检测技术在颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)患者围术期脑组织灌注评价中应用的可行性及临床价值.方法 连续收治的40例明确诊断为单侧症状性颈内动脉重度狭窄(70％～99％)患者均经复合手术室头颈部经颅多普勒超声和(或)全脑DSA评估并接受CEA手术,术前、术后即刻作FPD-PBV检测,评估脑组织血流灌注变化.结果 FPD-PBV技术可很好地检测CEA围术期患者脑组织血流灌注.40例患者均为单侧症状性颈内动脉起始段重度狭窄(左侧18例,右侧22例),术前患侧脑血流灌注明显低于健侧(P＜0.05).顺利完成CEA术后DSA显示颈内动脉再通良好,颅内分支血流恢复,患侧脑血流灌注较术前增加(P＜0.05),其中22例术后脑灌注改善,但仍低于健侧(＜10％);15例高于健侧(＜5％);3例与健侧相等.术后患侧和健侧脑灌注间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 FPD-PBV检测是一种可行的、有较高临床应用价值的成像技术,可用于半定量分析脑灌注变化,为围术期治疗决策和疗效评价提供更多有价值信息.