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目的观察吸气肌训练(IMT)对病态肥胖患者减肥术后肺功能、呼吸肌力量及耐力的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将36例拟行减肥手术的病态肥胖患者分为观察组及对照组, 每组18例。观察组及对照组患者均于术后第2~30天期间进行IMT训练, 吸气阻力值分别设定为最大吸气压(MIP)的40%和5%水平, 每天训练20 min。于手术前及术后第2, 7, 14, 30天时分别检测对比2组患者肺功能[包括用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)及最大呼气流速(PEF)等]、呼吸肌力量[包括最大吸气压(MIP)和最大呼气压(MEP)]及耐力情况。结果观察组各项肺功能指标[FVC:(91.6±11.2)% vs (105.5±10.8)%, P>0.05;FEV1:(92.1±15.6)% vs (104.7±11.3)%, P>0.05;PEF:(91.1±10.5)% vs (103.5±14.3)%, P>0.05]在术后第7天时均恢复至手术前水平, 对照组各项肺功能指标[FVC:(95.8±11.2)% vs (104.5±10.5)%, P>0.05;FEV1:...  相似文献   
3.
目的探讨PIPS-Er:YAG激光技术(光子激活光声流)治疗后根管壁牙本质失水状况及对牙根抗压强度的影响。方法选取2018年7—9月南京市口腔医院口腔颌面外科门诊拔除的120颗健康正畸减数牙(单根牙)进行离体牙实验,按随机数字表法将其均分为A组(PIPS-Er:YAG激光冲洗组)、B组(注射器冲洗组)、C组(超声荡洗组)和D组(空白对照组,未治疗),比较治疗后各组根管壁牙本质失水状况和治疗前后牙根抗压强度的差异。结果 1) A~D组内各标本根管上、中、下段根管壁牙本质含水量依次递增,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);根管壁上段:A、C组低于B、D组(P<0.05),A组略低于C组(P>0.05),B组低于D组(P<0.05);根管壁中段:A组低于B~D组(P<0.05),A组略低于C组(P>0.05),B组低于D组(P<0.05);根管壁下段:A组低于B~D组(P<0.05)、A组略低于C组(P>0.05),B组低于D组(P<0.05)。2) A、B、C组与D组间的抗压强度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论使用Er:YAG激光PIPS技术能降低根管壁牙本质的含水量,且不会降低牙根的抗压强度,有良好的临床应用前景。  相似文献   
4.
目的:探讨抗阻力训练对老年人肌肉力量、炎症因子及血管内皮功能的影响,揭示抗阻力训练改善老年人心血管功能的机制。方法:20例老年男性接受为期16周抗阻力训练,在训练前后采用超声诊断技术检测血流介导的血管舒张功能(flowmediated dilation,FMD),并对其肌肉力量以及血清炎症因子(TNF-α、hsCRP)的水平进行检测。结果:经过16周的抗阻力训练后,老年人的Fat%、安静心率、血压、胰岛素抵抗,以及血清hsCRP均出现显著下降(P<0.05),同时FMD和肌肉力量显著提高(P<0.05);肌肉力量增加的程度(r=0.591,P=0.006),hsCRP(r=0.468,P=0.037)、Fat%(r=0.553,P=0.011)、HOMA-IR(r=0.580,P=0.007)降低的程度与FMD的增加均呈显著正相关,多元线性逐步回归分析发现肌肉力量增加和血清hsCRP降低是FMD增加的独立影响因素。结论:抗阻力训练改善老年人血管内皮功能与肌肉力量的增加及炎症反应降低有关,这可能是抗阻力训练改善老年人心血管功能的机制之一。  相似文献   
5.
目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血清维生素D水平对下肢肌力减退的预测作用。 方法横断面研究设计,选择2018年9月至10月于战略支援部队特色医学中心血液净化中心的95例MHD患者,检测其血清25-羟维生素D3[25(OH)D3]水平,采用5次站立-坐下实验(5-STS)评价其下肢肌力。根据5-STS完成时间将MHD患者分为下肢肌力正常组(n=85)与减退组(n=10),比较两组患者人口学特征、实验室指标。采用多因素Logistic回归分析下肢肌力减退的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析上述因素预测MHD患者发生下肢肌力减退的特异度和敏感度。 结果95例MHD患者血清25(OH)D3水平为11.00~99.50 nmol/L,中位数31.23(19.90~43.30)nmol/L;5-STS完成时间为3.55 s~18.71 s,中位数9.81(7.12,12.43)s,下肢肌力减退者10例(10.53%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血清25(OH)D3是MHD患者下肢肌力减退的保护性因素[OR=0.761,95%CI(0.592~0.978),P=0.033]。进一步ROC曲线分析显示,25(OH)D3对应的ROC曲线下面积为0.815,其预测MHD患者发生下肢肌力减退的敏感度为80.00%,特异度为80.00%。 结论MHD患者血清25(OH)D3水平普遍较低,下肢肌力减退者更为明显;血清维生素D水平对MHD患者是否存在下肢肌力减退具有较好的预测价值。  相似文献   
6.
《Injury》2023,54(7):110767
AimThis network meta-analysis aims to compare functional outcomes and complications between conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over. Primary outcomes included grip strength and overall complications. Secondary outcomes included Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores, wrist range of motion and forearm rotation, and radiographic assessment. All continuous outcomes were assessed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and binary outcomes were assessed using odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to determine a hierarchy of treatments. Cluster analysis was performed for grouping treatments based on the SUCRA values of primary outcomes.ResultsFourteen RCTs were included to compare conservative treatment, volar lockedplate (VLP), K-wires fixation, and external-fixation. VLP outperformed conservative treatment for 1-year and minimum 2-year grip strength (SMD; 0.28 [0.07 to 0.48] and 0.27 [0.02 to 0.53], respectively). VLP yielded the optimal grip strength at 1-year and minimum 2-year follow-up (SUCRA; 89.8% and 86.7%, respectively). In a subgroup analysis of patients aged 60 to 80 years old, VLP outperformed conservative treatment in DASH and PRWE scores (SMD, 0.33 [0.10, 0.56] and 0.23 [0.01, 0.45], respectively). In addition, VLP had the fewest complications (SUCRA = 84.3%). Cluster analysis suggested that VLP and K-wire fixation were more effective treatment groups.ConclusionEvidence to date demonstrates that VLP provides measurable benefits in grip strength and fewer complications to those 60 years of age and over, and that benefit is not reflected in current practice guidelines. There is a subgroup of patients where K-wire fixation outcomes are similar to those of VLP; defining this subgroup may yield substantial societal benefits.  相似文献   
7.
Background and aimsIn this cross-sectional study we investigate the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and muscle function of the lower limbs and the predictors of the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) in older adults with obesity of both sexes.Methods and resultsEighty-four older (67 ± 5 years) men (N = 44) and women (N = 40) with obesity (body mass index (BMI) 33 ± 4 kg/m2) performed: the HGS, isokinetic knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) muscle strength and power and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The correlation between HGS and lower limbs muscle function was evaluated, and four multiple hierarchical linear models were built to assess the contribution of each ALMI predictor (i.e., HGS, BMI, SPPB, muscle strength and power).In men, HGS was weakly-to-moderately associated (p < 0.05) with KE, KF muscle function and physical performance. In women, HGS showed a weak association (p < 0.05) with KE muscle function. The significant predictors of ALMI were only the BMI in women, whereas in the group of men BMI, KE maximal strength and power better explain the variance in ALMI than HGS alone.ConclusionOur results suggest that HGS should not be used alone as a marker of lower muscle nor physical function. Sex differences exist with the BMI that is a contributor of ALMI both in men and women. However, at least in the group of men, markers related to strength and power of the lower limbs can better describe variations in ALMI compared to HGS in this kind of population.Clinical trial registrationNA.  相似文献   
8.
Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI is clinically used to measure brain perfusion by monitoring the dynamic passage of a bolus of contrast agent through the brain. For quantitative analysis of the DSC images, the arterial input function is required. It is known that the original assumption of a linear relation between the R2(*) relaxation and the arterial contrast agent concentration is invalid, although the exact relation is as of yet unknown. Studying this relation in vitro is time-consuming, because of the widespread variations in field strengths, MRI sequences, contrast agents, and physiological conditions. This study aims to simulate the R2(*) versus contrast concentration relation under varying physiological and technical conditions using an adapted version of an open-source simulation tool. The approach was validated with previously acquired data in human whole blood at 1.5 T by means of a gradient-echo sequence (proof-of-concept). Subsequently, the impact of hematocrit, field strength, and oxygen saturation on this relation was studied for both gradient-echo and spin-echo sequences. The results show that for both gradient-echo and spin-echo sequences, the relaxivity increases with hematocrit and field strength, while the hematocrit dependency was nonlinear for both types of MRI sequences. By contrast, oxygen saturation has only a minor effect. In conclusion, the simulation setup has proven to be an efficient method to rapidly calibrate and estimate the relation between R2(*) and gadolinium concentration in whole blood. This knowledge will be useful in future clinical work to more accurately retrieve quantitative information on brain perfusion.  相似文献   
9.
【目的】 在“中国科技期刊卓越行动计划”实施三周年之际,有必要对我国科技期刊2035年迈入“世界第一方阵”目标的具体任务进行重新审视和预判,以进一步明确发展方向,动态调整推进思路。【方法】 采用国内外科技期刊、科技论文、科技期刊评价成果的系统性发展数据对科技期刊“世界第一方阵” 国家(或地区)在高水平科技期刊数量与质量层面的入围标准进行界定,在深入总结现有基础和优势的同时,对我国科技期刊综合实力与“世界第一方阵”国家(或地区)的现实差距进行逐一梳理和剖析,并对实现目标的可行性和推进思路进行研判和设计。【结果】 必须继续加强高水平英文科技期刊创办和培育力度、持续加大优秀中文科技期刊的建设强度、快速推进国内外科技期刊论文等质同效评价制度的建设与引导,并积极探索建立科学家和科研机构办好一流科技期刊的责任制度和贡献激励机制、创新发展编辑人才队伍培养与激励管理思路、深入实践灵活多样的期刊出版市场资本运作模式、稳步推进期刊出版市场机制和管理制度改革,为我国科技期刊事业的高质量发展提速增效。【结论】 虽然当前阶段目标任务艰巨,但迈入“世界第一方阵”未来可期。  相似文献   
10.
目的 研究等速肌力训练后反映脑卒中偏瘫患者肌肉情况的身体成分变化。  相似文献   
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