Treatment of Umbilical Granuloma in Infants With Topical Application of Common Salt: A Scoping Review

BackgroundCommon salt is a safe, effective and cheap home-made remedy for umbilical granuloma. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and summarize the available evidence and examine the research conducted on salt treatment for umbilical granuloma.MethodsA literature search was performed in the second week of September, 2022 using Google scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases using the keywords ‘umbilical granuloma’ and ‘salt treatment’ to identify all English articles pertaining to salt treatment for umbilical granuloma. Tables were made to summarize the methodological characteristics, results and the dosage regimens of salt used by different authors. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used for assessing risk of bias in RCTs. The indexing statuses of the journals publishing these studies were also noted. The overall efficacy with the use of common salt was calculated by adding the success rates mentioned in each study.ResultsTwenty-four articles (2 systematic reviews, 6 Randomized Controlled Trials, 11 prospective cohort studies, 1 case control study, 3 retrospective case series and 1 case report) were included. An overall 93.91% success rate (1033/1100) was seen with common salt application, without any reports of complications/recurrences.ConclusionTopical application of common salt for umbilical granulomas is simple, effective and inexpensive. This scoping review provides a broader outlook at the existing level of evidence and may help in planning interventional comparative studies, so that recommendations can be formulated. It also highlights a lack of properly designed randomized controlled trials on this topic.Level of EvidenceI.     

Foreign body granuloma around implantable pulse generator for deep brain stimulation: Two case reports

We report two cases of granuloma that occurred around an implantable pulse generator (IPG) for deep brain stimulation. Both cases showed no signs of infection and disappeared after moving the IPG and removing the granulation. If a noninfectious mass is formed, the relocation of IPG may improve it.     

Granulomatous/sarcoid-like reactions in the setting of programmed cell death-1 inhibition: a potential mimic of disease recurrence

Nivolumab and pembrolizumab are humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). Although these agents are effective in treating advanced melanoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and other types of cancers, various adverse events have been reported. Cutaneous adverse events are particularly prevalent and, while granulomatous/sarcoid-like reactions are uncommon, they are increasingly recognized as immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we report two cases of granulomatous/sarcoid-like reaction with foreign material, mimicking metastatic malignancy after PD-1 inhibitor treatment. Clinicians should be aware of the existence of cutaneous lesions and perform biopsy if needed to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary adjustments to immunotherapy.     

Subcutaneous granuloma caused by Kodamaea ohmeri in an immunocompromised patient in China

We present a case of subcutaneous granuloma caused by Kodamaea ohmeri and describe the histopathological characteristics and skin lesions caused by this pathogen. A 55-year-old woman, with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, presented with red, painless plaque on her forehead, persistent for 3 months; based on the histopathological and mycological findings and gene sequencing, the patient was diagnosed with subcutaneous granuloma caused by K. ohmeri. This report highlights that early identification and diagnosis and optimal regimens are vital in the management of this intractable infection.     

Only Hyperuricemia with Crystalluria,but not Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia,Drives Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

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男性杓状软骨钙化对喉接触性肉芽肿治疗效果的影响

研究杓状软骨钙化对喉接触性肉芽肿治疗效果的影响。方法对临床资料完整的 115 例喉接触性肉芽肿男性患者进行回顾性分析，统计患侧杓状软骨钙化对治疗效果的影响。结果115 例男性喉接触性肉芽肿患者，年龄22~68岁，平均年龄45.82 岁。其中单侧肉芽肿 110（110/115，95.65 %），双侧肉芽肿 5 例（5/115.35%）；病因中有反流病史 67 例（67/115，58.26%），插管诱发 5 例（5/115，4.35%），其余患者无明显原因。115例男性患者 CT 显示杓状软骨伴钙化 102例（102/115，88.70%），杓状软骨无钙化13 例（13/115；11.30%）。其中杓状软骨伴钙化患者治愈时间＞3个月 68 例，治愈时间≤3 个月 34 例；杓状软骨无钙化治愈时间＞3个月患者 4 例，治愈时间≤3个月 9 例。通过 Chi square 检验分析显示患者杓状软骨伴钙化的治愈时间＞3个月的百分数明显多于不伴钙化组（χ2=4.906，P=0.027）。结论喉接触性肉芽肿患者，杓状软骨钙化的患者治疗时间较长，可能是由于这类患者长期慢性炎性刺激引起杓状软骨钙化，病程相对较长，治疗困难。     

Clinical factors associated with the recurrence of central giant cell lesions

Central giant cell lesion of the jaws (CGCLJ) is a destructive condition that shows a varied and unpredictable biological behaviour. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate factors associated with the recurrence of CGCLJ. Based on the data of a previous systematic review of 2270 cases of CGCLJ, we used the multiple imputation to deal with the missing data. The dependent variable was the recurrence after the first treatment (yes/no). The dichotomic covariates were sex, upper or lower jaw location, size (up to or larger than 4 cm), pain, cortical bone perforation (yes/no), locularity (uni‐/multilocular), tooth displacement (yes/no), treatment type (curettage or enucleation) and root resorption (yes/no). The final logistic model indicated that the tumours associated with tooth displacement, root resorption and treated with curettage had a more significant chance of recurrence. In conclusion, our study suggests that tooth displacement, root resorption and the type of treatment are potentially useful in the future construction of an algorithm for patient's treatment.