汶川地震后广元地区创伤后应激障碍调查

目的了解汶川地震9年后广元地区高二学生创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)阳性检出情况,为进一步分析震后PTSD持续存在的影响因素、对存在PTSD的学生进行心理干预提供参考。方法采用整群抽样方法,选取广元地区地震重灾区和一般灾区的1 492名高二学生为研究对象。采用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)和社会支持量表(PSSS)调查PTSD发生率和社会支持情况。结果广元地区高二学生PTSD阳性检出率为3.69%,男生和女生PTSD阳性检出率比较差异有统计学意义(2.24%vs. 5.82%,χ~2=12.47,P0.01),重灾区和一般灾区PTSD阳性检出率比较差异有统计学意义(4.89%vs. 2.84%,χ~2=4.27,P0.05);男生和女生PTSD-SS评分比较差异有统计学意义[(12.71±9.01)分vs.(14.02±8.52)分,t=-6.43,P0.01];PTSD阳性者和非阳性者PSSS评分比较差异有统计学意义[(57.52±7.53)分vs.(61.11±8.19)分,t=-5.36,P0.01]。结论汶川地震后9年,广元地区部分高二学生仍存在PTSD症状,创伤暴露程度、性别和社会支持可能与现患PTSD相关。     

汶川地震医疗救援中的伤员接诊处置与转出管理

汶川地震医疗救援中，华西医院作为四川省重症伤员集中收治医院，立即从常态转到双轨应急状态，充分调度人力、物力，扩大骨科床位至680张；按伤员伤情进程分期重点处理、优化地震伤员接诊处置流程，保证有效救治；建立地震伤员转出通道。截至2008年6月2日，医院共接诊地震伤员2618例，向就近基层医院转诊经治疗病情稳定的轻症伤员648例。     

收治大批骨科地震伤员的护理管理实践与效果

目的探讨大批收治骨科地震伤员的护理管理方法，提高护理管理效能。方法成立紧急救治领导小组，加强新扩充创伤病房的护理管理，合理安排护理人力，调整轮班制度，重视护理质量管理及感染控制等工作。结果对1410名地震伤员施行了紧急救治，无并发症及院内感染发生；护理文书书写优秀率达到99．96％；伤员对护理质量和服务质量的满意度分别为100．00％和99．78％。结论医院建立有效的应急管理体系，在灾害医疗救援中具有重要意义。     

5·12大地震口腔颌面外科伤员33例伤情分析

目的研究5·12汶川地震导致颌面外伤伤情特点。方法对本院收治的33例5·12地震颌面外伤伤员伤情进行分析总结。结果地震导致颌面外伤占伤员总数的14．35％,致伤原因主要为压埋和砸伤;颌面外伤中软组织挫裂伤多于其他种类外伤;而颌面部以颧部、额部、眶部为地震外伤高发部位。颅颌面部外伤和四肢外伤多于全身其他部位地震外伤。结论5·12大地震中伤员颌面外伤发病率较高,且表现出一定规律,可供今后地震医疗救援工作借鉴。     

汶川地震救援人员创伤后应激障碍状况调查

目的调查汶川地震救援人员创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)状况,为救援人员心理应激的防治提供依据。方法采用随机抽样的方式对17 132名救援人员进行心理应激相关量表调查。结果 1汶川地震救援人员PTSD的发生率高于常模,震后2年救援人员PTSD发病率下降;2救援人员震后PTSD早期症状突出表现为再体验,后期主要表现为强烈的心理痛苦烦恼、回避或麻木和警觉性增高的症状。结论 PTSD影响救援人员心理健康,需及时进行有效的团体和个体心理干预。     

5.12汶川地震伤员及陪护心理状况评估

目的:评估5.12汶川地震伤员及来自灾区的伤员陪护心理状况及相关因素。方法:采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对我院收治的68名地震伤员及59名伤员陪护进行心理评估并与中国常模比较,且按是否丧亲进行亚组间比较。结果:受试者SAS评分高于正常者41例(32.28%),SDS评分高于正常者45例(35.43%);受试者SAS、SDS评分高于中国常模,有显著性差异(P<0.01);丧亲亚组SAS、SDS评分高于未丧亲亚组,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:地震伤员及陪护存在抑郁、焦虑情绪,采用SAS、SDS量表评估地震灾民的心理状况,筛选有心理障碍的地震伤员及陪护,对心理干预和治疗有重要指导意义。     

地震期间急诊救治糖尿病酮症酸中毒伴高渗性昏迷1例

患者,男,19岁,身高175cm,体重100kg,系甘孜人。在雅安芦山"4.20"地震期间,因长途坐车,进食少、多次大量饮用冰糖雪梨等含糖高的饮料后,出现疲倦、四肢无力,自行休息,约4h后,上述症状无缓解并出现口渴、厌食、不能自行行走,家人带其至一家私人诊所治疗,给予其"生脉口服液"治疗,效差,患者晕倒。我院120接诊,给氧、建立     

Risk factors for the development of PTSD and depression among child and adolescent victims following a 7.4 magnitude earthquake

Objective. PTSD and major depression occur frequently following traumatic exposure, both as separate disorders and concurrently. Although much of Turkey is under threat of severe earthquakes, risk factors for developing psychiatric disorders among Turkish children have not yet been studied. The aim of the study was to examine risk factors for PTSD and depression develpoment in children. Method. A total of 160 survivors (102 girls and 58 boys) severely impacted by Turkey's 7.4-magnitude quake participated in a psychiatric interview 6–20 weeks after the disaster. The mean age was 14.43. Logistic regression was used to test effects of pre-disaster, disaster-related and post-disaster factors on diagnoses, yielding odds ratios (OR). Results. CAPS indicated that 96 (60%) had PTSD, and psychiatric interview found 49 (31%) with depression. Children diagnosed with PTSD were more likely to have witnessed death (OR=2.47) and experienced an extreme parental reaction (OR=3.45). Children with depression were more likely to be male (OR=4.48), have a higher trait anxiety score (OR=1.12 for every additional point), sustain injury (OR=4.29), and have lost a family member in the quake (OR=10.96). Focusing on the 96 children with PTSD, those with comorbid depression were more likely male, have a higher trait anxiety score, and have lost of family member. Conclusions. Mental health professionals should offer support to children witnessing death or losing a family member in a disaster. The ability of the family to remain calm and reassuring also may be a key factor in preventing PTSD.