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1.
目的 分析大连市瓦房店地区在2016—2019年公共场所公共用具卫生状况,为卫生监督管理提供依据。方法 按照国家双随机抽检要求,2016—2019年在大连市瓦房店地区内抽查公共场所共计352家,进行微生物指标监测和分析。结果 2016—2019年共抽检公共用品用具1 057份,微生物指标合格率92.62%(978/1 057),四年间合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.98,P=0.046),以2018年最高,为94.61%(158/167);不同种类公共用品用具微生物指标合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.55,P<0.001),其中毛巾最低,为87.34%(276/316);不同公共场所微生物指标合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.42,P=0.003),以沐浴场所微生物指标合格率最低,为50.00(3/6)。结论 大连市瓦房店地区公共场所公共用品用具的卫生状况整体良好,沐浴场所以及毛巾类样品超标严重,需要加强消毒管理。  相似文献   
2.
The foodscape (the built food environment) is considered one of the driving factors of the higher burden of obesity and chronic disease observed in low socio-economic status (SES) groups. Traditional data collection methods struggle to accurately capture actual access and exposure to the foodscape (realised foodscape). We assess the use of anonymised mobile phone location data (location data) in foodscape studies by applying them to a case study in Perth, Western Australia to test the hypothesis that lower SES groups have poorer realised foodscapes than high SES groups. Kernel density estimation was used to calculate realised foodscapes of different SES groups and home foodscape typologies, which were compared to home foodscapes of the different groups. The location data enabled us to measure realised foodscapes of multiple groups over an extended period and at the city scale. Low SES groups had poor availability of food outlets, including unhealthy outlets, in their home and realised foodscapes and may be more susceptible to a poor home foodscape because of low mobility.  相似文献   
3.
An accumulating body of evidence has associated exposure to greenspace with improved birth outcomes, including higher birth weight and lower risk of low birth weight; however, evidence on such association with in-utero fetal growth is scarce. We explored the influence of maternal exposure to residential greenspace and fetal growth in four INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) Spanish birth cohorts (2003–2008), with 2,465 participants. Residential greenspace was characterised by the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) average across 100 m, 300 m, and 500 m buffers around the residence. Repeated ultrasound measurements of the abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were used. We created customised-generalised least squares models to evaluate associations of residential greenspace exposure on each fetal growth parameter, controlled for the relevant confounders. There were associations between the 500 m buffer and BPD, FL, and AC. We also found associations in the 300 m buffer and FL and AC. The associations in the 100 m buffer were null. Estimates were higher among participants with lower socioeconomic status. Mediation analyses found that air pollution might explain 15–37% of our associations. Mediation by physical activity was not observed. Greenspace exposure may be beneficial for fetal growth.  相似文献   
4.
《Drug discovery today》2022,27(1):280-291
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an extensively used nuclear functional imaging technique, especially for central nervous system (CNS) and oncological disorders. Currently, drug development is a lengthy and costly pursuit. Imaging with PET radiotracers could be an effective way to hasten drug discovery and advancement, because it facilitates the monitoring of key facets, such as receptor occupancy quantification, drug biodistribution, pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses, validation of target engagement, treatment monitoring, and measurement of neurotransmitter concentrations. These parameters demand careful analyses for the robust appraisal of newly formulated drugs during preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the usage of PET imaging in radiopharmaceutical development; drug development approaches with PET imaging; and PET developments in oncological and cardiac drug discovery.  相似文献   
5.
目的 了解芦山地震5年后雅安市高血压患者心理卫生问题检出率及其影响因素,为促进地震灾区高血压患者心理健康提供参考。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2018年12月选取雅安市高血压患者800例作为研究对象。采用自编居民基本信息调查表收集患者的基本资料,采用12项一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)评定患者近期是否存在心理卫生问题,采用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 回收有效问卷744份(93.00%),检出存在心理卫生问题者79例(10.62%)。单因素分析结果显示,不同婚姻状况(P?0.01)、家庭人均月收入(P=0.012)、是否接受社会救助(χ2=25.194,P?0.01)的高血压患者心理卫生问题检出率差异均有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析显示,未婚/分居/离异/丧偶(OR=3.879,P=0.015)以及接受社会救助(OR=4.705,P?0.01)是高血压患者存在心理卫生问题的危险因素。结论 雅安市高血压患者心理卫生问题检出率较低,未婚/分居/离异/丧偶者以及接受社会救助的高血压患者心理卫生问题可能更突出。  相似文献   
6.
AimsTreatment decisions for older patients with breast cancer are complex and evidence is largely extrapolated from younger populations. Frailty and comorbidity need to be considered. We studied the baseline characteristics and treatment decisions in older patients in Christchurch with breast cancer and assessed survival outcomes and prognostic/discriminatory performance of several tools.Materials and methodsWe searched the Canterbury Breast Cancer Registry and identified patients aged 70 years or older at diagnosis with invasive, non-metastatic breast cancer between 1 June 2009 and 30 June 2015. We retrieved demographics, treatment and outcome information. Overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival were estimated. Tools analysing performance status and comorbidity were assessed for their prognostic and discriminatory power.ResultsIn total, 440 patients were identified. Primary surgery was carried out for 362 patients (82.3%): breast-conserving surgery in 114 (of whom 88.6% received radiation therapy); mastectomy in 248 (of whom 24.6% received radiation). Hormone therapy was given for 265 (71.1%) patients with oestrogen receptor-positive cancers. Two hundred and seventy-four (62.3%) patients received full standard treatment, which was associated with significantly improved 5-year survival and 5-year breast cancer-specific survival. The median estimated overall survival was 8.2 years (95% confidence interval 7.3–9.1 years). Of those who died, 71.3% of deaths were due to causes other than breast cancer or unknown causes. The comorbidity-adjusted life expectancy (CALE) showed partial prognostic accuracy. CALE, Charlson and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group tools all showed discriminatory value.ConclusionIn this population-based series of older patients with breast cancer, showing high levels of primary and adjuvant treatment, patients were more likely to die of causes other than breast cancer. Performance status and comorbidity tools showed prognostic and discriminatory potential in this population supporting their use in treatment decision making. CALE showed the most potential to improve treatment decisions but requires validation in this population to improve prognostic accuracy.  相似文献   
7.
目的: 了解北京同仁医院40~65岁2型糖尿病(T2DM)住院患者动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)药物预防情况以促进合理用药。方法: 对该院内分泌科2020年的40~65岁T2DM住院患者进行回顾性研究。利用医院信息系统和电子病历系统收集患者临床相关资料, 根据是否伴有ASCVD病史分为无ASCVD病史组和伴ASCVD病史组, 分析其ASCVD预防用药及相关指标控制情况。结果: 共纳入254例患者, 其中无ASCVD病史组141例(55.5%), 伴ASCVD病史组113例(44.5%)。入院时血糖、血脂、血压均达标患者18例(7.1%); 出院时, 他汀类药物、抗血小板药、钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的总体应用率均较入院前明显提高(P<0.05), 与无ASCVD病史患者相比, 伴ASCVD病史患者应用他汀类、抗血小板药、GLP-1受体激动剂的应用率均显著偏高(P<0.05), 而SGLT-2抑制剂的应用在两组间无统计学差异。结论: 该院40~65岁T2DM住院患者的ASCVD预防用药整体应用率较低, 与指南推荐存在一定差距, 且患者血糖、血脂、血压的控制达标情况较差, 提示临床应加强关注, 尤其是ASCVD一级预防。  相似文献   
8.
AimThis study aimed to develop and identify the effects of a tiered competence-based simulation educator development program on knowledge, competence and attitudes.BackgroundCompetence and educational needs-based training is required to improve nursing simulation educators' learning outcomes.DesignThis study used a one-group pretest–posttest design.MethodsA convenience sample of 65 nursing simulation educators completed a self-administered questionnaire. Three levels of training programs were implemented: basic, intermediate and advanced courses. The pretest–posttest differences in knowledge, competence and attitude scores were analyzed using the paired t-test. The main variable scores for the three programs were compared using one-way ANOVA and the Scheffé post hoc test.ResultsPosttest levels of knowledge, competence and attitudes were higher than the pretest measures. Simulation educators in the basic course reported greater improvements in perceived competence when compared with participants in the intermediate course.ConclusionsThe tiered competence-based simulation educator development program improved nursing simulation educators' knowledge, competence and attitudes across all course levels.  相似文献   
9.
10.
目的 探讨硕士研究生层次特殊体育教育专业教育体系。方法 运用世界卫生组织康复胜任力架构(RCF),形成特殊体育教育专业胜任力,并应用于特殊体育教育专业建设,探讨硕士研究生层次的特殊体育教育专业建设理论架构与方法体系。结果 基于RCF,构建了特殊体育教育教师的胜任力架构,涉及特殊体育教师的实践、专业精神、学习与发展、管理与领导力和研究5个领域,胜任力和活动的熟练程度须达到相应水平。特殊体育教育专业建设应在培养目标、教学方式、专业课程设置和教学评估4个方面突出RCF特色和围绕胜任力的培养进行建设。结论 运用RCF构建了基于胜任力的特殊体育教育硕士研究生层次的专业教育方案。该方案使用RCF说明特殊教师职业能力标准,并可以将此转化为基于胜任力的硕士研究生层次特殊体育教育专业建设的内容。运用RCF构建基于胜任力的特殊体育教育体系,该体系可以用于确定硕士研究生层次的特殊体育教育专业建设中的培养目标、教学形式、专业核心课程和教学评估内容与方法。  相似文献   
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