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原发性膀胱颈梗阻(primary bladder neck obstruction,PBNO)/原发性膀胱颈协同失调(primary bladder neck dyssynergia,PBND)是一组病因不明的膀胱颈梗阻综合征,临床表现为排尿期症状(排尿费力、尿踌躇、尿流变细、排空不全等)、储尿期症状(尿频、尿急、尿失禁、夜尿等)或两者同时存在。影像尿动力检查(video-urodynamic study,VUDS)是诊断PBNO/PBND的金标准,PBNO/PBND特征为高压低流的排尿模式,在影像透视下可见膀胱颈未开放或开放不全。轻症患者可采取观察、药物治疗及间歇清洁自家导尿等措施进行保守治疗,保守治疗无效的患者应行经尿道膀胱颈电切术。为进一步了解PBNO/PBND及其进展,本文就相关研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   
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Background

After surgery for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) the majority of patients have satisfactory clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, a substantial number of patients remain who suffer from severe persistent constipation. Current consensus attributes these complaints to the hallmarks of HD. In non-HD patients a cause for severe constipation is dyssynergic defecation.

Methods

Retrospectively, we reviewed the medical records of ten postoperative HD patients with severe persistent constipation who had undergone extensive anorectal function tests to diagnose the reason for the constipation. We analyzed the results of these tests.

Results

During the last three years, ten postoperative HD patients with severe persistent constipation were given extensive anorectal function tests. All ten patients were diagnosed with dyssynergic defecation. The ages at the time of diagnosis ranged from 7 to 19 years with a median age of 12 years. Signs of an enlarged rectum were seen in all ten patients, with a maximum measured value of 845 mL.

Conclusions

Patients with HD may also suffer from dyssynergic defecation. It is important to consider this possibility when dealing with severe persistent constipation in postoperative HD patients. Viable options for treating dyssynergic defecation are available that could prevent irreversible long-term complications.  相似文献   
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目的:观察A型肉毒毒素治疗神经源性尿潴留的疗效,不良反应和有效时间。方法:收集21例神经疾病后尿潴留患者,A型肉毒毒素尿道外括约肌注射,记录治疗前后症状,尿流动力学指标,综合评估A型肉毒毒素治疗神经源性尿潴留的疗效,并记录不良反应和有效时间。结果:A型肉毒毒素治疗神经源性尿潴留,患者症状可明显改善,生存质量评分和国际下尿路综合征症状评分明显改善,尿流动力学指标明显改善,未见明显不良反应,疗效可维持(34-1)(1~5)个月。结论:A型肉毒毒素尿道外括约肌注射是一种治疗神经源性尿潴留的有效方法,短期内对部分患者能够显著改善排尿症状,提高生存质量,且未见不良反应。  相似文献   
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Abstract

Objective: To compare tolterodine with oxybutynin and placebo in people with neuragenie detrusor overactivity.

Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial plus open-label comparative stage.

Participants: Ten participants with neuragenie detrusor overactivity due to spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis who usedintermittent catheterization.

Methods: Bladder capacity on cystometrogram, a 10-day record of catheterization volumes, number of incontinent episodes perday, and perceived dry mouth using a visual analog scale (VAS) were measured for the following: (a) a blinded comparison:tolterodine, 2 mg twice daily, vs placebo, twice daily; and (b) an unblinded comparison: oxybutynin vs tolterodine, each atself-selected doses (SSDs).

Results: Tolterodine, 2 mg twice daily, was superior to placebo in enhancing catheterization volumes (P<0.0005) and reducingincontinence (P<0.001 ), but was comparable with placebo in cystometric bladder capacity. Efficacy of tolterodine SSD wascomparable with oxybutynin SSD with regard to catheterization volumes, degree of incontinence, and cystometric bladder capacity.The side effect profile (dry mouth) was comparable between tolterodine, 2 mg twice daily, and placebo, but differed significantlywhen comparing tolterodine SSD with oxybutynin SSD (P<0.05).

Conclusion: T olterodine, when used at SSDs, is comparable with oxybutynin at SSDs in enhancing bladder volume and improvingcontinence, but with less dry mouth. T olterodine at the recommended dosage of 2 mg twice daily improves incontinence and bladdervolumes compared with placebo, and without significant dry mouth. Larger doses of tolterodine may be needed to achieve best effectin this population, but further studies are required.  相似文献   
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the relaxant effect of two preparations (BOTOX® versus Dysport®) of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on the external urethral sphincter in patients with neurogenic voiding disorders. Ten male spinal cord injury patients with detrusor- external urethral sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) were clinically assessed before, and 4–6 weeks after, transurethral or transperineal BTX-A injections (BOTOX® 100 U or Dysport® 250 U) into the external urethral sphincter. Patients with persistent difficulties in voiding or high post-void residual volumes were re-injected with the same product up to three times. All patients were urodynamically examined within 120 days of injection. In total, 30 BTX-A injection cycles (one to three injections) were administered. Significant ( P < 0.05) reductions in the DSD duration post-injection, the time interval between the start of bladder contractions and voiding, and DSD seventy post-treatment were observed. All patients who presented with a residual volume pre-treatment showed a marked decrease post-treatment. These effects lasted 6 months. Improvements in urodynamic parameters were significantly better following BOTOX® than DysporP treatment ( P < 0.05), although the Dysport® dose used is now considered less potent than that of BOTOX®. Thus, injections of BTX-A into the external urethral sphincter are a valuable treatment option for DSD in spinal cord injury patients. Treatment success appears to depend on the seventy of DSD before treatment.  相似文献   
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Naloxone, an opioid peptide antagonist, has been reported to facilitate voiding in neurologic bladder disorders, but its effects on the neural micturition reflex arc are poorly understood. We studied the effect of naloxone in 34 male adult cats, spinalized at C5-C6 level 7 to 119 days previously. Each cat served as its own control. The following tests were performed: Urethral pressure profiles, cystosphincterograms with the urethro-vesical junction opened and closed and mechanograms of the detrusor, and the circular and longitudinal urethral muscles. The study included (1) the effects of anesthesia of the bladder and pelvic nerve, as well as that of the urethral and pudendal nerves; (2) the action of naloxone; and (3) the action of oxymorphone. Our results demonstrated that naloxone (1) increased somatic (osteotendinous and nociceptive) reflexes and aggravated spasticity; (2) increased vegetative micturitional and sexual reflexes, in particular the urethra-urethral contraction reflex, aggravating the spasmodic contractions of the external sphincter; and (3) increased the frequency and intensity of the mass reflex. In consequence, we suggest that naloxone is contraindicated in cases of spinal cord lesions with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia syndrome.  相似文献   
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