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ObjectivesTo explore formal and informal care costs in the last 3 months of life for people with dementia, and to evaluate the association between transitions to hospital and usual place of care with costs.DesignCross-sectional study using pooled data from 3 mortality follow-back surveys.Setting and ParticipantsPeople who died with dementia.MethodsThe Client Service Receipt Inventory survey was used to derive formal (health, social) and informal care costs in the last 3 months of life. Generalized linear models were used to explore the association between transitions to hospital and usual place of care with formal and informal care costs.ResultsA total of 146 people who died with dementia were included. The mean age was 88.1 years (SD 6.0), and 98 (67.1%) were female. The usual place of care was care home for 85 (58.2%). Sixty-five individuals (44.5%) died in a care home, and 85 (58.2%) experienced a transition to hospital in the last 3 months. The mean total costs of care in the last 3 months of life were £31,224.7 (SD 23,536.6). People with a transition to hospital had higher total costs (£33,239.2, 95% CI 28,301.8-39,037.8) than people without transition (£21,522.0, 95% CI 17,784.0-26,045.8), mainly explained by hospital costs. People whose usual place of care was care homes had lower total costs (£23,801.3, 95% CI 20,172.0-28,083.6) compared to home (£34,331.4, 95% CI 27,824.7-42,359.5), mainly explained by lower informal care costs.Conclusions and ImplicationsTotal care costs are high among people dying with dementia, and informal care costs represent an important component of end-of-life care costs. Transitions to hospital have a large impact on total costs; preventing these transitions might reduce costs from the health care perspective, but not from patients' and families' perspectives. Access to care homes could help reduce transitions to hospital as well as reduce formal and informal care costs.  相似文献   
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目的探讨血小板表面C型凝集素样受体2(C-type lectin-like receptor 2,CLEC-2)与急性脑梗死病情程度及脑动脉狭窄的相关性。方法前瞻性选取首次发病住院的211例急性脑梗死患者为梗死组,根据入院时NIHSS评分及头部MRA检查结果进行分组,并设105例健康体检者为对照组。所有患者入院当天采集静脉血进行CLEC-2检测,统计分析各组间CLEC-2水平。结果梗死组血浆CLEC-2水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.001),急性脑梗死轻、中、重亚组CLEC-2水平逐渐升高,两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。调整混杂因素后,CLEC-2浓度(OR=1.034,95%CI 1.020~1.048,P<0.001)为急性脑梗死患者脑动脉狭窄的独立危险因素。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示,CLEC-2预测脑动脉狭窄的曲线下面积为0.862(95%CI 0.812~0.912,P<0.001);最佳截断值为266.40 pg/ml,预测脑动脉狭窄的敏感度为80.3%,特异度为80.9%。结论CLEC-2水平升高能评估急性脑梗死患者病情程度,是脑动脉狭窄独立危险因素,对预测脑动脉狭窄有一定价值。  相似文献   
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《Australian critical care》2022,35(5):499-505
BackgroundVasoactive medications are high-risk drugs commonly used in intensive care units (ICUs), which have wide variations in clinical management.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the patient population, treatment, and clinical characteristics of patients who did and did not receive vasoactive medications while in the ICU and to develop a predictive tool to identify patients needing vasoactive medications.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to a level three tertiary referral ICU over a 12-month period from October 2018 to September 2019 was undertaken. Data from electronic medical records were analysed to describe patient characteristics in an adult ICU. Chi square and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyse data relating to patients who did and did not receive vasoactive medications. Univariate analysis and Pearson's r2 were used to determine inclusion in multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf 1276 patients in the cohort, 40% (512/1276) received a vasoactive medication for haemodynamic support, with 84% (428/512) receiving noradrenaline. Older patients (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.02; p < 0.001) with higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III scores (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.03–1.04; p < 0.001) were more likely to receive vasoactive medications than those not treated with vasoactive medications during an intensive care admission. A model developed using multivariable analysis predicted that patients admitted with sepsis (OR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.43–4.12; p = 0.001) or shock (OR = 4.05; 95% CI = 2.68–6.10; p < 0.001) and managed on mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.76; 95% CI = 2.81–5.02; p < 0.001) were more likely to receive vasoactive medications.ConclusionsMechanically ventilated patients admitted to intensive care for sepsis and shock with higher APACHE III scores were more likely to receive vasoactive medications. Predictors identified in the multivariable model can be used to direct resources to patients most at risk of receiving vasoactive medications.  相似文献   
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张瑞珂  王玉秀 《护理学报》2022,29(22):20-25
目的 探索危害分析与关键控制点理论在边缘型人格障碍住院患者非自杀性自伤行为护理管理中的应用和效果。方法 以某三级甲等综合医院心身疾病科边缘型人格障碍住院患者为研究对象,制定纳入排除标准,选取2020年度182例边缘型人格障碍患者作为对照组,实施精神专科护理常规及风险管理;选取2021年度边缘型人格障碍患者175例作为观察组,在实施精神专科护理常规及风险管理基础上,借鉴危害分析与关键控制点的原理和步骤,组建危害分析与关键控制点项目小组,制定工作计划,对边缘型人格障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为进行危害分析和护理风险评估、防控关键控制点,实施住院全周期护理安全管理。比较2组边缘型人格障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为干预效果。结果 2组边缘型人格障碍患者一般人口学资料及住院前非自杀性自伤行为发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组比较,观察组患者非自杀性自伤行为发生率减少(P=0.001),非自杀性自伤行为对身体伤害严重程度降低(P=0.014),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 运用危害分析与关键控制点原理和步骤组建项目小组,对边缘型人格障碍住院患者非自杀性自伤行为进行护理干预,有利于减少边缘型人格障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为发生率,降低非自杀性自伤行为对身体伤害严重程度,提高护理质量、保障患者安全。  相似文献   
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ObjectiveThe Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation Act of 2014 mandates using standardized patient functional data across post-acute settings. This study characterized similarities and differences in clinician-observed scores of self-care and transfer items for the standardized section GG functional domain and the functional independent measure (FIM) at inpatient rehabilitation facilities.DesignWe conducted secondary analyses of 2017 Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation national data. Patients were assessed by clinicians on both section GG and FIM at admission and discharge. We identified 7 self-care items and 6 transfer items in section GG conceptually equivalent with FIM. Clinician-assessed scores for each pair of items were examined using score distributions, Bland-Altman plot, correlation (Pearson coefficients), and agreement (kappa and weighted kappa) analyses.Setting and ParticipantsIn all, 408,491 patients were admitted to Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation-affiliated inpatient rehabilitation facilities with one of the following impairments: stroke, brain dysfunction, neurologic condition, orthopedic disorders, and debility.MeasuresSection GG and FIM.ResultsPatients were scored as more functionally independent in section GG compared with FIM, but change score distributions and score orders within impairment groups were similar. Total scores in section GG had strong positive correlations (self-care: r = 0.87 and 0.95; transfer: r = 0.82 and 0.90 at admission and discharge, respectively) with total FIM scores. Weak to moderate ranking agreements with total FIM scores were observed (self-care: kappa = 0.49 and 0.60; transfers: kappa = 0.43 and 0.52 at admission and discharge, respectively). Lower agreements were observed for less able patients at admission and for higher ability patients of their change scores.Conclusions and ImplicationsOverall, response patterns were similar in section GG and FIM across impairments. However, variations exist in score distributions and ranking agreement. Future research should examine the use of GG codes to maintain effective care, outcomes, and unbiased reimbursement across post-acute settings.  相似文献   
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