A Biomechanical Foot-Worn Device Improves Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes

Background

Biomechanics after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) often remain abnormal and may lead to prolonged postoperative recovery. The purpose of this study is to assess a biomechanical therapy after TKA.

Peyronie’s disease: Contemporary evaluation and management

Peyronie’s disease is a common yet poorly understood condition characterized by penile pain, curvature, sexual dysfunction and psychological bother. Peyronie’s disease represents a penile wound healing disorder, and is thought to arise from exuberant scarring in response to penile trauma in genetically predisposed men. In the absence of active treatment, the majority of men experience stable or worsening symptoms, with few reporting spontaneous resolution in penile curvature or other deformity. In contrast, penile pain improves or resolves in the majority of men. Treatment options vary based on symptom severity and stability. Several oral therapies are commonly prescribed, although to date there are no strong data to support any oral agents as monotherapy for Peyronie’s disease. Other options including penile traction therapy and intralesional injections result in modest improvements for many patients, particularly when used early after symptom onset. Penile straightening through approaches, such as penile plication and plaque incision or partial excision and grafting, represent the most rapid and reliable approach to correct penile curvature once the symptoms have stabilized. Side-effects vary based on the type of surgery carried out, and include penile shortening, sensation changes and erectile dysfunction in the minority of men. In patients with drug refractory erectile dysfunction and Peyronie’s disease, placement of a penile prosthesis will address both issues, and is associated with high levels of patient satisfaction. The current review provides a practical approach to the modern evaluation and management of patients presenting with Peyronie’s disease.     

Does different cranial suture synostosis influence orbit volume and morphology in Apert syndrome?

This study was performed to compare the orbital and peri-orbital morphological variations in Apert syndrome patients with different cranial vault suture synostosis, so as to provide an anatomic basis for individualized surgical planning. Computed tomography scans of 57 unoperated Apert syndrome patients and 59 controls were subgrouped as follows: type I, bilateral coronal synostosis; type II, pansynostosis; type III, perpendicular combinations of cranial vault suture synostoses. Orbit bony cavity volume was significantly reduced in type I and type II, by 19% (P < 0.001) and 24% (P < 0.001), respectively. However, the reduction of orbital cavity volume in type III did not reach statistical significance. Globe volume projection beyond the orbital rim, however, increased by 76% (P < 0.001) in type III, versus an increase of 54% (P < 0.001) in type I and 53% (P < 0.001) in type II, due to different ethmoid and sphenoid bone malformations. Maxillary bone volume was only significantly reduced in type I bicoronal synostosis (by 24%, P = 0.048). Both type I and type II developed relatively less zygoma and sphenoid bone volume. Different cranial vault suture synostoses have varied influence on peri-orbital development in Apert syndrome. Instead of mitigating the abnormalities resulting from bicoronal synostosis in type I, additional midline suture synostosis worsens the exorbitism due to a more misshaped ethmoid.     

发际内头皮冠状切口在颧骨颧弓骨折治疗中的应用

目的:观察头皮冠状切口在颧骨颧弓骨折中重建骨骼形态的效果。方法:应用发际内头皮冠状切口进路对21例颧骨颧弓骨折病例进行复位和固定,分析其治疗方法的优越性、效果、并发症及预防措施。结果:21例患者术后面型和功能恢复良好。结论:头皮冠状切口对颧骨颧弓三维结构的重建具有手术视野暴露好,操作方便,复位精确,面部不遗留疤痕等优点。     

中国人下颌恒切牙根管弯曲的解剖学研究

目的 探讨下颌恒切牙根管弯曲情况。方法 选择299颗离体下颌恒切牙，将15号K锉插入根管，唇舌向和近远中向采集数字化X线牙片图像，测量根管的弯曲角度、弯曲半径以及弯曲长度，并根据弯曲角度和弯曲形状进行分类。对测量结果进行统计分析。结果 下颌恒切牙根管的弯曲角度、弯曲半径以及弯曲长度，唇舌向分别为5.28°±5.52°、16.19 mm±12.38 mm、4.10 mm±2.01 mm，近远中向分别为9.99°±5.84°、18.86 mm±9.71 mm、3.27 mm±2.39 mm。下颌恒切牙根管中直根管、轻度、中度、重度弯曲根管分别为15.7%、66.9%、16.7%和0.7%（P<0.05）；直根管、单弯根管、双弯根管分别为7.7%、50.5%和41.8%（P<0.05）。结论 下颌恒切牙以弯曲根管为主，唇舌向弯曲程度大于近远中向弯曲程度。     

Determination of root canal curvatures before and after canal preparation (part II): A method based on numeric calculus

The aim of this paper is to present a new method based on numeric calculus to provide data on any type of root canal curvature at any point of the long axis of the canal. Twenty severely curved, simulated root canals were prepared with rotary FlexMaster and Profile instruments in the crown-down technique and manually in the step-back technique. The inner and outer curvatures were registered in a system of coordinates before and after preparation in increments of 0.5 mm. Using an equalising function, the curvatures were first represented in graphic and algebraic form. The maximum and the mean curvature as well as the length of the arc from the apical foramen to the point of maximum curvature were determined mathematically. An increase in maximum curvature was registered for all four shaping systems investigated. The radius of the inner curvature decreased by 0.5-1.2 mm in the manual systems as a result of the preparation. The Profile system displayed the smallest changes in radius (-0.9 mm) even with the outer curvature, and manual preparation with stainless steel files the most pronounced change (-1.8 mm). The point of maximum curvature at the inner curvature was displaced by 1.6 mm to the apical foramen through manual preparation with Ni-Ti files. At the outer curvature, the maximum displacement (1.8 mm) recorded was also the result of preparation with Ni-Ti hand files, while a displacement of only 0.3 mm to the apical foramen was recorded with the other systems. The method offers a means of determining curvatures precisely without random specification of reference points. The method is also capable of registering only minor changes in curvature in the two-dimensional long axis of the canal.