舒适护理在妊娠合并症患者中的效果评价

目的评价舒适护理在妊娠合并症患者中的效果。方法选取本院2017年1月-2018年10月收治的妊娠合并症患者60例,将其随机分为两组,各30例。对照组实施常规护理,基于此观察组实施舒适护理。比较两组妊娠合并症发生情况及满意度。结果在妊娠合并症方面,观察组发生率为6.67%较对照组33.33%明显更低,且P<0.05。在满意度方面,观察组为96.67%较对照组70.00%明显更高,且P<0.05。结论舒适护理在妊娠合并症患者中的效果显著,即可有效减少患者合并症,且能提升其满意度。     

Effects of a projector-based hybrid virtual reality on pain in young children with burn injuries during hydrotherapy sessions: A within-subject randomized crossover trial

AimThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of a water-friendly Projector-Based Hybrid Virtual Reality (VR) dome environment combined with standard pharmacological treatment on pain in young children undergoing burn wound care in hydrotherapy.MethodsThis study was a prospective, within-subject crossover trial of 38 children aged 6 months to 7 years old (mean age = 1.8 years old). Each hydrotherapy procedure was divided into two equivalent wound care segments (No hybrid VR during one segment vs. Hybrid VR during the other segment, treatment order was randomized). Pain was measured using the 0–10 FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry Consolability scale) and the 0–10 NRS-obs (Numerical Rating Scale-obs).ResultsProjector-Based Hybrid VR significantly reduced procedural pain levels measured by the FLACC (p = 0.026) and significantly increased patients' comfort levels (p = 0.002). Patients' pain levels rated by the nurses using the NRS-obs were non-significant between both groups (p = 0.135). No side effects were reported.ConclusionProjector-Based Hybrid VR helped in reducing the pain related to hydrotherapy procedures in young children with burn wound injuries. This is the first study using virtual reality distraction with young children, and our findings are especially important because a large percentage of pediatric burn patients are very young. Additional research and development are recommended.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02986464, registered on June 12, 2016.     

中药制剂临床不良反应分析及药房管理

目的研究中药制剂的不良反应与安全用药。方法本院于2018年7—至2019年7月开展“中药制剂不良反应分析与安全用药”研究。选取该阶段收治的117例中药制剂不良反应患者作为临床研究对象,统计分析不良反应患者之间的差异性。结果117例患者所应用的中药制剂类型为丹参川芎嗪注射液(64例)、参芎葡萄糖注射液(33例)、注射用盐酸川芎嗪(15例)、生脉注射液(5例)。≥60岁患者的不良反应发生率大于≤12岁患者、11~59岁患者,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。静脉滴注的不良反应发生率大于静脉注射(P<0.05)。患者多在用药1 h内发生不良反应;不良反应的主要累及部位依次是皮肤、消化系统、呼吸系统、循环系统等。不同中药制剂类型的不良反应也存在一定差异。结论临床对中药制剂的不良反应依然缺乏全面、深入的研究与认识,需加强中药制剂不良反应监测,合理应用中药制剂,促使临床安全用药,减少不良反应,提高患者的用药舒适度。     

Tear film,contact lenses and tear biomarkers

This article summarises research undertaken since 1993 in the Willcox laboratory at the University of New South Wales, Sydney on the tear film, its interactions with contact lenses, and the use of tears as a source of biomarkers for ocular and non‐ocular diseases. The proteome, lipidome and glycome of tears all contribute to important aspects of the tear film, including its structure, its ability to defend the ocular surface against microbes and to help heal ocular surface injuries. The tear film interacts with contact lenses in vivo and interactions between tears and lenses can affect the biocompatibility of lenses, and may be important in mediating discomfort responses during lens wear. Suggestions are made for follow‐up research.     

体位舒适度护理服务模式在腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿切除术中的应用效果观察

目的探讨体位舒适度护理服务模式在腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿切除术中的应用效果。方法选取我院2018年1月至2019年1月收治的82例卵巢囊肿患者,随机分为观察组(n=41)与对照组(n=41),两组均行腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿切除术治疗。对照组予以常规护理服务,观察组予以常规护理联合体位舒适度护理服务,观察两组的护理效果。结果观察组的体位舒适度为95.12%,显著高于对照组的73.17%(P<0.05)。观察组的肛门排气时间、下床行走时间及住院时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的并发症发生率为2.44%,明显低于对照组的14.63%(P<0.05)。结论在围术期间予以腹腔镜卵巢囊肿切除术患者体位舒适度护理服务,可提高其舒适度,促进患者术后康复,减少术后并发症发生,值得推广。     

Oral health–related food selectivity among French independently living elders

Impaired oral conditions are described as influencing food intake behaviour and contributing to poor nutritional status in elderly persons. In order to evaluate the influence of age and oral factors on food choice among independently living elderly, we investigated food selectivity and oral health status in elders (aged over 65 years) and in younger people (aged between 35 and 64 years). Food selective behaviour was appraised by using a food selectivity questionnaire based on traditional French dishes. A stepwise binary logistic regression analysis was done to sequentially identify age and oral conditions associated with oral discomfort–related food avoidance. Occlusal status and oral health–related quality of life contributed to food choice. Risk of oral discomfort–related food avoidance was significantly increased in people with fewer than seven occlusal functional units (OFUs) and with Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index summary scores (GOHAI-ADD) indicating poor and average oral health–related quality of life (P < .05). Age was never a significant factor of food selective behaviour. The present data support the impact of occlusal status and oral health–related quality of life on food behaviour. Specific attention should be given in maintaining or restoring good oral conditions throughout the lifespan, especially occluding teeth.     

两种不同缝线方法治疗原发性翼状胬肉的疗效比较

目的：观察2种不同缝线方法治疗原发性翼状胬肉的临床疗效。方法：前瞻性研究。选取2015年4月 至2018年4月于解放军乌鲁木齐市第474医院住院并手术的翼状胬肉患者128例(128眼)，采用随机数字表法随机分成观察组和对照组，每组64例（64眼）。观察组采用翼状胬肉切除联合连续缝合自体结膜瓣移植治疗，对照组采用翼状胬肉切除联合间断缝合自体结膜瓣移植治疗。观察2组术后1、3、 7 d的疼痛、角膜刺激症状程度；角膜荧光染色确定2组角膜上皮完全愈合时间；6个月随访中记录结膜完全愈合、瘢痕纤维增生及胬肉复发情况。2组间各指标的比较采用独立样本t检验；2组间率的比 较采用卡方检验（必要时辅以Fisher精确概率法直接计算P值）。结果：疼痛和刺激症状评分方面，观察组术后1 d和3 d均低于对照组（疼痛评分：t=-40.477，P<0.001；t=-23.376，P<0.001。刺激症状评分： t=-18.431，P<0.001；t=-7.894，P<0.001)，术前和术后7 d，2组间差异无统计学意义。角膜荧光染色 显示角膜上皮完全愈合率方面，观察组术后3 d和5 d均高于对照组（χ2 =4.354，P=0.037；χ2 =13.333， P<0.001），术后7 d组间差异无统计学意义。观察组的痊愈率高于对照组（χ2 =8.848，P=0.003），观察 组的瘢痕痊愈率低于对照组（χ2 =8.214，P=0.004），2组胬肉复发率差异无统计学意义。观察组拆线 时间早于对照组（t=-32.686，P<0.001），拆线耗时短于对照组（t=-20.236，P<0.001），拆线疼痛评分低于对照组（t=-26.580，P<0.001），差异均有统计学意义。结论：翼状胬肉切除联合连续缝合自体结膜瓣移植治疗原发性翼状胬肉，术后眼部疼痛、刺激、炎症反应轻，角膜上皮愈合更快，可明显减少瘢痕的形成，术后拆线更早，拆线耗时短且疼痛感较轻。     

Impact of Using a Novel Gastric Feeding Tube Adaptor on Patient's Comfort and Air Leaks During Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation

IntroductionThe presence of oral or naso-enteral probes during non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) increases the risk of leakage and patient discomfort. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel tube adapter for NIMV (TA-NIMV) in relation to leakage and comfort level.MethodsA non-randomized quasi-experimental design was performed in an adult intensive care unit of a highly complex hospital, in which patients were their own controls. We included adult patients who required NIV with oronasal mask and who simultaneously had oral or naso-enteric tubes. The interventions were as follows: every participant received two therapies, one with the TA-NIMV and one conventional therapy of NIMV (CT-NIMV). Comfort could be evaluated in 99 patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 15. The outcomes of interest was the average percentage of air leak and patient comfort during each intervention.Results196 patients were included in the study during a 16-month period. The mean air leak percentage was 9.2% [standard deviation (SD), 7.7] during TA-NIMV and 32.5% (SD, 12.5) during CT-NIMV (p < 0.001). 84.9% reported being comfortable or very comfortable during TA-VMNI. 66.7% Uncomfortable or Very uncomfortable during CT-NIMV (p < 0.001).ConclusionHigher comfort levels and lower air leakage volume percentages were achieved using the TA-NIMV than those achieved by CT-NIMV.     

Subcutaneous tunneling technique to improve outcomes for patients undergoing chemotherapy with peripherally inserted central catheters: a randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo compare the value of the subcutaneous tunneling technique versus the normal technique in improving the outcomes of patients undergoing chemotherapy with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs).MethodsOne hundred thirty patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (subcutaneous tunneling technique) and control group (normal technique) according to the PICC placement technique, and clinical data were compared between the groups.ResultsIn total, 129 PICCs were successfully inserted. Compared with the control group, the experimental group had a lower occurrence of complications after placement (especially catheter dislodgement: 3.1% vs. 15.4%, venous thrombosis: 3.1% vs. 15.4%, and wound oozing: 14.1% vs. 27.7%), lower occurrence of unscheduled PICC removal (3.1% vs. 13.8%), greater comfort during placement (14.16 ± 2.21 vs. 15.09 ± 2.49 on a scale ranging from 6 to 30 points, with higher scores indicating lower degrees of comfort), and lower costs of PICC maintenance (median (interquartile range) per-day maintenance cost: 13.90 (10.99–32.83) vs. 15.69 (10.51–57.46) Yuan). The occurrence of complications and amount of bleeding during placement were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsThe subcutaneous tunneling technique can improve PICC placement by reducing complications and costs of maintenance with better patient comfort during placement.