端粒长度与认知障碍及其中药治疗的研究现况

认知障碍是指记忆、语言、理解和判断等一个或多个方面的功能障碍,包括轻度认知障碍和各种类型的痴呆症。痴呆症是认知障碍最严重的表现,是一种导致患者日常生活、社会交往和工作能力发生显著变化的综合征。阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆症类型,其次是血管性痴呆(VD)和其他神经退行性痴呆[1]。已知年龄与认知功能的退化密切相关。     

会所康复模式在女性精神分裂症恢复期病人中的应用

目的:探讨会所康复模式在女性精神分裂症恢复期病人中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年2月—2020年3月精神科收治的100例女性精神分裂恢复期病人作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组、观察组各50例,对照组采取常规康复治疗,观察组在常规康复治疗基础上应用会所多维度康复治疗模式。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、疾病家庭负担量表(FBS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、生活满意度指数B量表(LSIB)评价两组病人干预前、干预3个月、干预6个月精神症状、家庭负担、日常生活能力、生活自理能力。结果:两组病人干预3个月、干预6个月PANSS、FBS、ADL及LSIB评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组组内干预前后PANSS、FBS、ADL及LSIB评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:女性精神分裂症病人在恢复阶段应用会所康复模式进行干预可改善其精神症状,缓解其家庭负担,调节其日常生活能力和生活自理能力,提升其生活满意度。     

Effectiveness of anabolic steroids in improving outcomes for post-operative hip fracture patients: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPost-operative elderly hip fracture patients require significant rehabilitation. Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid used to promote muscle growth. This study aims to examine the effect of nandrolone in improving rehabilitation and quality of life in elderly female patients with hip fractures undergoing hemiarthroplasty.MethodsThis is a double-blinded prospective randomized-controlled-trial consisting of female patients above the age of 65 with an isolated neck of femur fracture planned for a hip hemiarthroplasty. Participants were randomized into two arms of the study – 50 mg intramuscular nandrolone vs normal saline placebo administered on post-operative day 0, and weeks 2, 6 and 12. The participants were followed up across a 1-year period following the surgery. Clinical outcomes such as time taken to achieve rehabilitation milestones, distance of ambulation and thigh muscle girth, and functional scoring with SF-36 questionnaire were recorded at intervals of 2, 6 and 12 weeks, 6 months and 1 year following the surgery.ResultsThere were a total of 23 subjects with 11 in the steroid group and 12 in the placebo group. There was no significant difference in demographics and injury patterns between both groups. There was no significant difference for time taken to achieve various rehabilitation milestones and distance of ambulation. SF-36 scores on discharge and at 1-year follow-up mark were comparable. There was no difference in the complication rate between both groups.ConclusionIntra-muscular Nandrolone after hip surgery in elderly female patients does not result in short to mid-term improved rehabilitation or functional outcomes. Nandrolone did not result in increased short-term complications after hip surgery.Level of evidenceI.     

基于康复胜任力架构的本科层次特殊教育专业设置研究

目的 基于世界卫生组织康复胜任力架构(RCF),构建以胜任力为本位并且满足残疾学生教育康复需求特点的本科层次特殊教育专业,提升特殊教育专业建设的水平,适应基于胜任力教育发展的要求。方法 运用RCF的理论与方法,参照《特殊教育教师专业标准(试行)》《特殊教育专业认证标准》和《特殊教育专业师范生教师职业能力标准》,分析学校教育情境中特殊教育教师的胜任力要求。结果 构建了基于RCF的特殊教育教师胜任力架构,提出了基于RCF的特殊教育专业设置原则和基于RCF的特殊教育专业建设的原则,根据学校教育环境的特点,建立了适用于本科层次特殊教育专业的胜任力模式。结论 RCF作为一个服务全民健康的全球康复胜任力架构,其理论与方法对于构建特殊教育专业基于胜任力的教育体系具有重要的意义。基于RCF构建了本科层次特殊教育专业的原则、方法、教育目标以及方法体系,促进实施国家《特殊教育教师专业标准(试行)》、《特殊教育专业认证标准》和《特殊教育专业师范生教师职业能力标准》。     

前列腺癌根治术患者采用围术期康复干预对尿失禁的预防效果

目的分析前列腺癌根治术患者采用围术期康复干预对尿失禁的预防效果。方法 42例行前列腺癌根治术的患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组21例。对照组患者给予常规干预,研究组患者采取围术期康复干预。对比两组患者的尿失禁发生率,下尿路症状改善情况,生活质量。结果研究组患者的尿失禁发病率14.29%明显低于对照组的47.62%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组患者的下尿路症状评估量表(LUTS)评分均低于本组干预前,且研究组患者的LUTS评分(10.25±2.02)分明显低于对照组的(15.63±2.59)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者的生理功能、情感职能、社会功能、总体健康评分分别为(75.14±4.28)、(76.67±4.31)、(74.98±4.25)、(75.87±4.26)分,均高于对照组的67.21±4.35)、(68.22±4.39)、(66.58±4.37)、(68.01±4.36)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论前列腺癌根治术患者采用围术期康复干预可以有效降低术后并发症发生率,改善患者临床症状,提高患者生活质量,效果显著,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。     

弹性抗阻运动对慢性阻塞性肺疾病康复疗效的Meta分析

目的 系统评价弹性抗阻运动(弹力带/弹力管)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者康复疗效的影响。方法 检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、维普、万方和生物医学文献数据库中关于弹性抗阻运动治疗COPD患者的临床随机对照试验,检索时限自建库至2020年9月。最后纳入文献11篇,其中英文9篇,中文2篇,共485例患者。采用Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具及物理治疗证据数据库量表进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行分析。这一系统评价在PROSPERO(CRD42020208659)上登记。结果 弹性抗阻运动组与传统抗阻运动组(如举重训练机、体重训练) 6 min步行试验距离(6WMD) (MD = 1.19, 95%CI -7.02~9.39, P = 0.78)、COPD患者自我评估测试(CAT) (MD = -0.43, 95%CI -2.42~1.57, P = 0.68)和肌力(MD = 0.23, 95%CI -1.06~1.52, P = 0.73)无显著性差异,两组间异质性不高。弹性抗阻运动组与非抗阻运动组6MWD (MD = 18.30, 95%CI -8.92~45.52, P = 0.19)和CAT (MD = -0.59, 95%CI -3.78~2.60, P = 0.72)无显著性差异,研究间异质性较高。结论 弹性抗阻运动也许是一种潜在的替代传统抗阻训练的方法,但弹性抗阻运动对运动耐力、生活质量、肺功能的影响尚不明确。     

Motor dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment as tested by kinematic analysis and transcranial magnetic stimulation

ObjectivePrevious studies have demonstrated voluntary movement alterations as well as motor cortex excitability and plasticity changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To investigate the pathophysiology of movement abnormalities in MCI, we tested possible relationships between movement abnormalities and primary motor cortex alterations in patients.MethodsFourteen amnestic MCI (aMCI) patients and 16 healthy controls were studied. Cognitive assessment was performed using clinical scales. Finger tapping was recorded by a motion analysis system. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to test the input/output curve of motor evoked potentials, intracortical inhibition, and short-latency afferent inhibition. Primary motor cortex plasticity was probed by theta burst stimulation. We investigated correlations between movement abnormalities, clinical scores, and cortical neurophysiological parameters.ResultsMCI patients showed less rhythmic movement but no other movement abnormalities. Cortical excitability measures were normal in patients, whereas plasticity was reduced. Movement rhythm abnormalities correlated with frontal dysfunction scores.ConclusionOur study in MCI patients demonstrated abnormal voluntary movement and plasticity changes, with no correlation between the two. Altered rhythm correlated with frontal dysfunction.SignificanceOur results contribute to the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of motor impairment in MCI.