聚甲酚磺醛溶液治疗外阴硬化性苔藓病变的临床分析

目的观察使用聚甲酚磺醛溶液治疗外阴硬化性苔藓病变的临床疗效。方法对经临床诊断确诊为外阴硬化性苔藓病变且自愿接受本次研究的36例患者使用聚甲酚磺醛溶液,观察其疗效。结果36例外阴硬化性苔藓病变患者经过聚甲酚磺醛溶液3个月疗程治疗,痊愈率达76.9%,显效率为15.4%,有效率为7.7%。结论聚甲酚磺醛溶液能有效治疗外阴硬化性苔藓病变,无论是缓解瘙痒症状,还是改善病灶皮肤病变效果均较好,为广大临床医生提供了治疗此疾患的新思路。     

COVID-19 convalescent plasma: current status,lessons from the past and future perspectives

When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, blood transfusion services worldwide started collection of convalescent plasma as early as possible, as exemplified by the response in Norway. There were challenges related to donor selection, donor safety, testing for relevant antibodies and indications for and dosing of the convalescent plasma. As more knowledge became available, the product quality was more standardised. Multiple case reports, observational studies and some randomized studies were published during the pandemic, as well as laboratory studies reporting different approaches to antibody testing. The results were conflicting and the importance of convalescent plasma was disputed.Even though there has been strong international collaboration with involvement of many key organisations, we may better prepare for the next pandemic. An even stronger, more formalised collaboration between these organisations could provide more clear evidence of the importance of convalescent plasma, based on the principles of passive immunisation.     

Exploring the potential of exosomes in diagnosis and drug delivery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a cancer of the digestive system, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for approximately 90% of all PC cases. Exosomes derived from PDAC (PDAC-exosomes) promote PDAC development and metastasis. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by most cells, which can carry biologically active molecules and mediate communication and cargo transportation among cells. Recent studies have focused on transforming exosomes into good drug delivery systems (DDSs) to improve the clinical treatment of PDAC. This review considers PDAC as the main research object to introduce the role of PDAC-exosomes in PDAC development and metastasis. This review focuses on the following two themes: (a) the great potential of PDAC-exosomes as new diagnostic markers for PDAC, and (b) the transformation of exosomes into potential DDSs.     

浅谈不同年龄结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者甲状腺超声特征的临床比较

目的:给予不同年龄结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者实施甲状腺超声检查,对相应的超声检查特征展开分析。方法:选择2018年6月~2019年6月的114例患者为对象,所有患者均被确诊为结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌,并且利用甲状腺二维超声及多普勒超声对患者进行检查,依据患者年龄阶段均分为两组,每组中各纳入57例患者,年龄超过60岁以上的患者为老年组;年龄在60岁以下的患者为中青年组,对比两组患者的血流相关指标与钙化情况数据。结果:老年组中的平均收缩期流速、阻力指数等数据明显低于中青年组,且比较后P<0.05,具有临床可比较意义。老年组中钙化的总例数为21例,总钙化率占比为36.84%,中青年组中钙化的总例数为38例,总钙化率占比为66.67%,前者数据显著低于后者钙化率,P<0.05。结论:在对结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者实施超声检查后,中青年组患者的病灶呈现低回声、高回声以及伴微小钙化、血流分布以内部血流为主、血流阻力大的特点明显高于老年组,能够显著提升诊断效果,为日后的临床治疗提供了图像依据。     

Efficacy,immunogenicity, and safety of available vaccines in children on biologics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vaccinations are essential for preventing infectious diseases in children with chronic diseases as they have increased risk of infection from frequent use of biologics. Response to immunizations in this group is not well known.ObjectiveA systematic review was performed to evaluate three primary outcomes: efficacy; immunogenicity; and safety of vaccines in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.MethodsThe protocol for our systematic review and meta-analysis was registered and published with PROSPERO. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for studies published from 2009 to 2019, focusing on vaccinations in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.ResultsWe retrieved 532 records. Thirty-one full-text articles were selected, and 14 were included in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was found. Efficacy: limited data are available regarding the efficacy of vaccination, as most studies have focused on immunogenicity as surrogate outcome for efficacy. Immunogenicity: patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of poor seroconversion (p = 0.028) and seroprotection by the serotype B influenza vaccine [inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) p = 0.013; juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) p = 0.004]. We found adequate responses with H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes. Few studies existed for pneumococcal, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, varicella-zoster virus, Measles Mumps Rubella virus, and multiple vaccine administration. Safety: vaccine administration was not associated with serious side effects, but JIA patients on anti-TNF alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of presenting with myalgia or arthralgia postinfluenza vaccine (p = 0.014).ConclusionsMore evidence concerning efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of vaccinations is needed to guide physicians in the vaccine decision process for this pediatric population.