4万余例沈阳地区妇女HPV感染情况分析北大核心

目的:分析我院2020年1月1日至2020年9月中旬近4万余例女性HPV感染情况,为HPV疫苗接种、宫颈病变预防、治疗、随访提供流行病学数据。方法:选取我院2020年1月1日至2020年9月中旬之间,于我院妇科门诊及病房、皮肤科门诊及体检中心的37 325接受HPV分型检测的患者的临床资料,分析检测结果。结果:HPV感染率为13.91%(5 193/37 325),单一感染率11.46%(4 276/37 325),阳性构成比82.34%(4 276/5 193),高危亚型感染以HPV16最多见,其次52、58,低危型以6最多见,其次为11、44,与5年前HPV感染情况分析中最常见的低危亚型为cp8304不同。不同年龄段感染率不同。结论:近年沈阳地区妇女HPV感染率为13.91%,较5年前感染率18.60%有所下降,以单一、高危亚型感染为主,多重感染并存为特征。     

Are Women with Antecedent Low-Grade Cytology and

《Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada》2022,44(10):1054-1060

白花蛇舌草干预湿热瘀滞型肠内多发息肉术后复发的临床研究

目的 临床观察白花蛇舌草干预湿热瘀滞型肠内多发息肉患者内镜治疗术后复发情况。方法 采用前瞻性的随机空白对照试验设计，选取2019年9月1日—2020年12月31日上海中医药大学附属普陀医院消化科收治的门诊及住院结直肠多发息肉患者132例作为研究对象。采用随机方法分为对照组和试验组，每组66例。对照组行内镜治疗术给予常规治疗后无药物干预，试验组在对照基础上给予白花蛇舌草汤剂（每日取白花蛇舌草15 g、大枣3枚，煎取400 mL汤剂，分2次饭后温服）治疗，连续干预1年。观察并比较两组术前与术后1年肠道内息肉的复发率、息肉数目、息肉最大直径、中医证候评分及肝肾功能及血常规的差异。结果 干预1年后，试验组复发9例（14.75%），对照组复发21例（33.33%），两组息肉复发率比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。试验组腺瘤、伴重度异型增生、体质量指数（BMI）≥24 kg·m^-2患者治疗后息肉复发率均较对照组同类型降低，差异显著（P＜0.05）；术后1年试验组息肉最大直径及息肉数目均较对照组显著减小，差异显著（P＜0.05）；术后1年试验组中医证候各项评分均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；术后1年，两组中医证候疗效比较，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05），且术前、术后1年两组患者肝肾功能、凝血功能等安全性指标无显著差异。结论 应用白花蛇舌草干预结直肠息肉术后患者，1年后明显降低肠内息肉的复发率，尤以腺瘤性息肉、重度异型增生、BMI超重患者更显著，不仅改善临床症状，还能有效预防结直肠息肉的复发，改善患者的预后。     

Diagnostic pitfalls in needle core biopsy of the breast

Breast core biopsies are a standard component of the triple approach that includes clinical examination, imaging and tissue sampling. Conventional cores, diagnostic vacuum assisted biopsy and vacuum assisted excisions are established methods for sampling and managing breast lesions. It is important to be aware of the potential pitfalls in the technical handling and interpretation of the limited core biopsy samples. Here, we present a clinically oriented, well illustrated overview of the common diagnostic pitfalls based on the author's diagnostic and second opinion practice, emphasize the value of clinicopathological correlation and provide histological tips and clues with useful immunohistochemistry to aid the reporting pathologists in their daily interpretation of breast core biopsies.     

环形电切锥切术治疗老年宫颈高度病变病人的临床疗效

目的探讨环形电切锥切术(LEEP)治疗老年宫颈高度病变病人的临床效果及对逆转率的影响。方法选择2017年6月至2019年6月老年宫颈高度病变病人143例作为对象,采用随机数表法分为对照组(n=70)和观察组(n=73)。对照组采用宫颈冷刀锥切术治疗,观察组采用LEEP治疗,术后3 d对病人手术指标进行评估,术后对病人进行6个月随访,比较2组手术指标、逆转率、并发症发生率及术后生活质量。结果观察组手术、住院及切口愈合的时间,术中出血量及手术费用均少于对照组(P<0.05)。术后6个月,2组宫颈管粘连、感染、阴道出血的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后1、6个月逆转率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后6个月的健康、食欲、精神症状、躯体感觉及睡眠状态评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论LEEP用于老年宫颈高度病变病人中,手术创伤较小,能提高逆转率,降低术后并发症发生率,有助于提高病人生活质量,值得推广应用。     

一种预测子宫内膜病变患者内膜病理类型的临床模型＊

目的 开发并评估一种用于预测子宫内膜病变患者内膜病理类型的临床模型；方法 选取2019年11月至2021年11月因妇科B超发现子宫内膜病变并于山东中医药大学附属医院行宫腔镜下内膜活检的患者，结合其病史与最小绝对收缩和选择算子法（Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator，LASSO）筛选影响内膜病变的独立危险因素，列线图（nomogram）函数建立列线图模型，采用ROC曲线下方的面积大小（Area Under Curve， AUC）、C指数（C-index）、拟合优度（Hosmer-Lemeshow）检验、自举法（bootstrap）评估及验证模型，依据列线图对纳入患者进行风险赋分，绘制ROC曲线获取风险评分的截断值，从而划分高低风险的人群；结果 阴道流血、绝经、无流产史、并发高血压、B超内膜厚度增厚、内膜回声不正常，中医证型为虚实夹杂证是发生子宫内膜癌及癌前病变的独立危险因素，评估模型所得AUC值与C-index均>0.9，Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示P>0.05，bootstrap内部验证法所得C-index亦高于0.9，均说明模型准确度、区分度及可信度良好，当患者的风险评分总和≥177分时，属于高风险人群；结论 本模型可以预测B超提示子宫内膜病变患者的内膜病理类型为癌前或恶变型的概率并识别高风险人群。     

宫颈病变冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性及病变残留的危险因素分析北大核心

目的:研究因宫颈病变行冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性及病变残留的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2018年09月至2021年04月在山西医科大学第二医院妇科行宫颈冷刀锥切术经病理组织学诊断为HSIL及MIC的429例患者的临床资料,采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析年龄、绝经状态、孕次、产次、同房出血、不规则出血、家族肿瘤史、HR-HPV感染种类、HPV16/18感染、TCT检测结果、转化区类型、宫颈管搔刮术(endocervical curettage,ECC)结果、病变级别、是否累及腺体与宫颈冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性是否相关。同时,对79例进一步行子宫切除术者分析切缘阳性及上述相关因素与术后病变残留的关系。结果:术后切缘阳性与TCT检测结果、转化区类型、病变级别、是否累及腺体、ECC结果有关(P<0.05),其中MIC、累及腺体、3型转化区及ECC阳性是宫颈冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。此外,宫颈病变残留与切缘状态及病变级别有关(P=0.001;P=0.038),切缘阳性是子宫切除术后病变残留的独立危险因素(P=0.002)。结论:重视宫颈冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性的危险因素,指导临床个体化干预,是降低切缘阳性和病变残留的重要措施。     

The hidden aspect of carotid lesions in traffic accidents: A little-known phenomenon

Vascular injuries that occur during traffic accidents are a commonly neglected aspect that can add more detail to the framework of a case. In this study, we analysed a case series of 150 traffic accidents, 39 of which were marked by microscopically identifiable vascular lesions. The purpose was to identify the presence of carotid injuries in individuals who died due to traffic accidents and had nonpenetrating trauma of the neck. We focused on the discrepancies regarding the macroscopical aspect and the histology and demonstrated how histological analysis of the carotids in cases of trauma can reveal injuries that are attributable to the trauma itself. We conducted a histological analysis of the lesions to describe their distribution and type and investigate potential correlations. The study offers insight on how to examine road accidents that involve traumatic injury of the carotid arteries. Indeed the main task of the forensic pathologist in the case of death is to establish the existence of a causal relationship between the micro- or macroscopic alterations observed in the autopsy and the traumatic event that led to the death of the subject. Thus, further morphological elements were provided to the forensic practitioners that may reveal injuries attributable to the trauma itself and should be evaluated in cases of trauma in traffic accidents.     

A rare case of acral amelanotic melanoma,nodular type

Amelanotic melanoma is a rare melanoma subtype, and it is even more rare when it occurs at an acral site. We here present a case of a nodular amelanotic acral melanoma (NAAM) occurring on the heel of an 83‐year old female. It presented as an ulcerated pink nodular growth on the heel, which clinically mimicked other nodular non‐pigmented lesions, causing a delay in diagnosis until it was biopsied. This case is a demonstration of the critical importance to include NAAM in the differential diagnosis of nodular non‐pigmented skin lesions as to avoid delay in diagnosis and disease progression, in which early detection can provide the most modifiable prognostic factor.