半夏泻心汤对DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道微生态及Th17/Treg细胞平衡的影响＊

目的 观察半夏泻心汤对饮用葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）诱导建立的溃疡性结肠炎（UC）模型小鼠Th17/Treg细胞平衡及肠道微生态的影响，从免疫失衡及菌群紊乱角度分析半夏泻心汤治疗UC的作用机制。方法 将40只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性药（美沙拉嗪）组及半夏泻心汤组，除空白组外的各小鼠采用2.5% DSS水溶液自由饮用7天诱导建立UC小鼠模型。自实验第8日起，分别采用灭菌水、美沙拉嗪水溶液、半夏泻心汤水溶液给上述各组别小鼠灌胃。采用HE染色观察结肠组织病理学变化，ELISA方法检测组织炎症因子含量，流式细胞术检测Th17及Treg细胞的相对数量，16S rRNA测序技术进一步检测模型小鼠粪便中菌群的变化。结果 与空白组比较，模型组小鼠结肠损伤严重，血清炎症因子含量显著升高（P<0.01）；与模型组比较，中药干预组小鼠结肠损伤减轻，血清TNF-α、IFN-γ含量显著下降（P<0.05）。较空白组小鼠相比，模型组小鼠Th17细胞百分比显著升高（P<0.01），而Treg细胞百分比显著降低（P<0.01）。经半夏泻心汤干预后，其小鼠Th17细胞数量均显著降低（P<0.05），Treg细胞数量则显著升高（P<0.05）。同时，半夏泻心汤可升高门水平上Firmicutes、属水平上Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae、Prevotellaceae_UCG-001、Alistipes；降低门水平上Actinobacteriota，科水平上Bifidobacteriaceae、Atopobiaceae、Clostridiaceae，属水平上Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1、Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002、Bifidobacterium的相对丰度。结论 半夏泻心汤可使Treg细胞相对数量升高、Th17细胞相对数量降低，以维持Th17/Treg细胞动态平衡；同时可降低有害菌Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1、Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002的相对丰度，升高产短链脂肪酸类菌Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、Prevotellaceae_UCG-001、unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae等菌属的相对丰度，调控肠道微生物结构及动态平衡，从而发挥治疗UC的作用。     

Center of pressure position in the touches of the star excursion balance test in healthy individuals

BackgroundThe Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a clinical test that aims to assess postural control. Its interpretation is related to the understanding of the motor specificities required. Adjustments must be made to the center of pressure (COP) to maintain balance during testing movements. Comprehend the specifics of these adjustments for each direction can allow the development of more suitable exercises for balance training. The aim was to compare the positions of the COP on the different directions of the SEBT and correlate the reachs obtained in the SEBT with the distances from the COP to the borders of the base of support (BOS).MethodsSixteen healthy subjects participated in the study. Measurements were made by performing the SEBT over the force platform. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to compare directions. The Pearson correlation test was used to check the correlation of parametric variables and Spearman correlation test for the nonparametric ones.ResultsThe position of the COP at the touch differs from the anterior direction to the other directions of the SEBT and the performance in this direction is correlated with the proximity of the COP to the anterior limit of the support base. The performances in the other directions did not correlate with the COP position.ConclusionThe requirements of the compensation mechanisms for postural control are different between the directions of the SEBT.     

结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者鼻腔菌群失调与预后的关系

目的 探讨鼻腔菌群失调与结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤（extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma，ENKTCL）预后的相关性。方法 回顾性分析244例初治ENKTCL患者的临床资料及鼻拭子培养结果，根据是否存在鼻腔菌群失调将患者分为菌群正常组（n=114）和菌群失调组（n=130），并分析菌群失调与患者临床病理特征、治疗效果及预后的关系。结果  菌群失调组患者共培养出409株优势菌株，以金黄色葡萄球菌、草绿色链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌及铜绿假单胞菌为主。菌群失调组患者的乳酸脱氢酶升高比例高于菌群正常组（P=0.044），预后评分PINK≥1的中危或高危患者比例亦高于菌群正常组（P=0.003）。治疗结束时，菌群失调组患者的完全缓解率显著低于菌群正常组（45.5% vs 61.4%，P<0.05），5年无疾病进展生存率亦低于菌群正常组（48.4% vs 63.9%，P=0.048）。亚组分析显示，早期及PINK低危患者中，菌群失调与否与患者的无疾病进展生存期有关（P=0.022， 0.011）。结论 鼻腔菌群失调与ENKTCL患者预后密切相关，针对鼻腔菌群失调的措施可能进一步改善ENKTCL的治疗效果及预后。     

张力平衡针法联合电针对脑卒中足下垂患者下肢功能及日常生活能力的影响

目的:研究张力平衡针法联合电针对脑卒中足下垂患者下肢功能及日常生活能力的影响。方法:选取我院2016年1月—2019年5月收治的脑卒中足下垂患者78例,根据随机数字表法分为两组,各39例。对照组给予电针疗法,治疗组在对照组基础上给予张力平衡针法,对比两组患者治疗前后的肌张力和CSI评分、足内翻角度和足下垂角度、Barthel指数评分和FMA评分、SF-36量表评分。结果:经治疗后,两组患者肌张力评分显著升高,CSI评分显著降低(P<0.05),且治疗组改善程度较大(P<0.05);两组患者足内翻角度和足下垂角度显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),且治疗组降低程度较大(P<0.05);两组患者FMA评分和Barthel指数评分显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组升高程度较大(P<0.05);两组患者情感功能、生理功能和社会功能评分均显著高于治疗前(P<0.05),且治疗组升高程度较大(P<0.05)。结论:采用张力平衡针法联合电针治疗脑卒中足下垂能够改善日常生活能力及下肢功能,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Individuals with peripheral vestibulopathy and poor quality of sleep are at a higher risk for falls

IntroductionThere is a lack of scientific studies on the assessment of patients with vestibular disorders associated with sleep quality disorders and its impact on the balance and overall quality of life.Objectivesto assess the impact of the sleep quality on the balance and quality of life of individuals with peripheral vestibulopathies.Methods52 individuals with peripheral vestibulopathies underwent sleep quality assessment through the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, neurotological examination through dizziness handicap inventory and Tetrax posturography (Sunlight Medical Ltd.) in eight sensory conditions. Thirty-two healthy individuals (G3) participated as the control group.ResultsFourteen individuals with vestibulopathy had good quality of sleep (G1) and 38 showed poor quality of sleep (G2) as demonstrated by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index global scores (p = 0.001). The dizziness handicap inventory showed worse impact of the dizziness on the quality of life in G2 when compared to G1 (p  = 0.045). The G₂ showed higher risk of falling in posturography when compared to G3 (p = 0.012) and higher index of postural instability in five sensory conditions in comparison with G3. In the vestibulopathy groups, the worse the sleep quality, the higher the risk of falling (r = 0.352) and the worse the quality of life (r = 0.327).ConclusionIndividuals with peripheral vestibulopathies and poor quality of sleep demonstrate worse balance evidenced by increased postural instability, higher risk of falls and worse perceived quality of life. The quality of sleep is a predictive factor for worse perceived quality of life and for higher risk of falls in individuals with peripheral vestibulopathies.     

2型糖尿病患者饮食决策平衡与大五人格特征的相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者饮食决策平衡现状及其与大五人格特征的相关性,以期为临床个体化健康饮食教育提供参考。方法便利抽样法选取重庆市3所三级甲等医院内分泌科住院的192例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,采用饮食决策平衡量表和大五人格量表简化版(neuroticism extraversion openness five factor inventory,NEO-FFI)对其进行调查。结果2型糖尿病患者知觉利益得分为22.00(20.00,24.00)分,知觉障碍得分为20.50(16.00,23.00)分,饮食决策平衡得分为2.00(-3.00,8.00)分;饮食决策平衡与大五人格中的宜人性和严谨性呈正相关,与神经质呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者饮食决策平衡水平较低,与其人格特征密切相关。护理人员应有针对性地帮助患者采取有效的应对措施,以促进其饮食决策平衡水平的提高。     

Compensatory postural responses to backward loss of balance in patients with cerebellar disease

BackgroundImpaired control of balance and coordinated reactions are a primary deficit of cerebellar dysfunction. As compared to other neurological patients with balance impairments, there has been little research assessing the characteristics of compensatory responses associated with falls in patients with cerebellar disease (CD).Research questionThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of cerebellar disease on compensatory balance control in response to postural perturbation. Do CD patients increase the number of steps when responding to instability because of inappropriate initial step reactions or poor control of trunk motion or both?MethodsIn this explorative study, 10 patients suffering from degenerative cerebellar ataxia and 10 age-matched healthy controls were examined. The balance recovery reactions were assessed using a lean-and-release postural perturbation method. Spatiotemporal characteristics of stepping movement and COM variables associated with torso motion were analyzed using 3D motion capture system.ResultsCD patients took multiple steps whereas matched controls generally took single steps to recover balance following perturbation. The characteristics of the initial step at the time of the fall revealed that foot reaction time, foot response time, and step distance of the initial step were similar between CD patients and matched controls. However, CD patients exhibited a shorter foot-to−COM distance, higher COM velocity, and less trunk flexion with which to attenuate their body momentum after the landing of the first step than did matched controls.SignificanceAlthough initial step responses were probably adequate, poor control of torso motion appears to be a particular problem that causes multiple-step reactions in CD patients. This observation would help to guide the development of tailored fall intervention strategies in CD patients aimed at promoting their recovery capacity in response to a pronounced balance challenge.