Comparison of the treatment results of knee osteoarthritis using adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells derived through enzymatic digestion and mechanically fragmented adipose tissue

Introduction:Knee osteoarthritis is a common condition that affects daily functioning and decreases the quality of life. There are many ways of treatment depending on the stage of the disease. Advanced cases are qualified for arthroplasty, which is an extensive and demanding surgical procedure. Less advanced stages are treated in various ways: from rehabilitation, through oral and intra-articular pharmacotherapy, to surgical treatment (arthroscopy, osteotomy). Because surgical treatment is risky, scientists focus on less invasive therapeutic methods. The most valuable management is based on regeneration. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) derived from the adipose tissue have a great regenerative and anti-inflammatory potential, therefore an attempt is being made to take advantage of them in knee osteoarthritis treatment.The study aims to compare the clinical effects of treatment of knee osteoarthritis using adipose tissue MSC obtained by an enzymatic method with the outcomes of the therapy with the mechanically fragmented adipose tissue.Methods:One hundred adults with primary knee osteoarthritis will undergo lipoaspiration under sterile conditions. The collected lipoaspirates will be further processed, depending on the randomly assigned group-enzymatically with the use of collagenase or mechanically using the Lipogems system. The preparations will be administered to the patients’ knee joints in the operating room under ultrasound control.The results of treatment will be assessed using Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, measuring the flexibility of the knee joint, evaluating joint gap in X-ray and the quality of cartilage in magnetic resonance T2-mapping during 1 year after treatment.Discussion/conclusion:Identification and functional analysis of the regenerative capacity of adipose-derived MSC depending on three variables (body weight, sex, and age) will help to develop a targeted therapy for different groups of patients and will determine the effectiveness of both methods of treatment. An attempt will be made to identify groups of patients with the greatest regenerative potential of the adipose tissue, and thus indicate those with the most probable improvement of the joint condition.Trial registration:This study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Medical University of Warsaw and registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04675359","term_id":"NCT04675359"}}NCT04675359 (06 Jan 2021)     

Rhinoplasty in China: A review of the most important events in its history of development

A review of the literature in commonly used retrieval systems generally yields minimal or no pertinent information on the early works of Chinese doctors. Herein, the early works in rhinoplasty by pioneers Dr. Maolian Hu (胡懋廉) and Dr. PC Nyi (倪葆春) were retrieved from the database of Chinese Medical Journal published before 1949 that overseas doctors could not gain access to online possibly due to the language barrier in collecting and processing those old professional data by main retrieval systyems. They published original articles on costal cartilage applications for correction of saddle noses in as early as 1939 and 1949, respectively, which represent the earliest attempts of treating nasal deformities with costal cartilages in China as well as in Asia. The private cosmetic surgical practices in rhinoplasty from the 1930s to the 1940s were recovered and briefly reviewed, and some of the most important clinical cases were presented. Other important events related to rhinoplasty, such as the establishment of the first national society of rhinoplasty in Chengdu, China in 2011 and the successful performance of the first national congress on rhinoplasty in Shanghai, China in 2012, were included.     

A prospective study of multimodal cocktail intercostal injection for chest pain relief after costal cartilage harvest for rhinoplasty

Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of multimodal cocktail intercostal injection for the relief of chest pain after costal cartilage harvest for rhinoplasty. Consecutive patients who underwent costal cartilage harvest during rhinoplasty were prospectively assigned as per patient preference to group A (injection containing ropivacaine, parecoxib sodium, epinephrine, and compound betamethasone), group B (intercostal nerve block (ICNB)), or group C (ICNB plus patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)). The outcomes were visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for chest pain after costal cartilage harvest, rescue analgesia, complications, and cost during the first two days. Of the 66 patients assessed, 63 (29 patients in group A, 13 in group B, and 21 in group C) were eligible and included. The VAS scores in group A were significantly lower than those in groups B and C (all p<0.001). Group A had a significantly lower rate of rescue analgesia due to a VAS score of more than 4 (3.45%, 1/29) compared with group B (46.15%, 6/13; p=0.001) and group C (28.57%, 6/21; p=0.012). Complications were observed only in group C (nausea/vomiting 28.57%; dizziness/headache 23.81%), which differed significantly from group A (p=0.002 and 0.006, respectively). The mean cost for group A (US $15 (0)) was significantly lower than it was for group C (US $113.1 (4.4), p<0.05), but higher than it was for group B (US $5.97 (0), p= -). Multimodal cocktail intercostal injection may be superior for chest pain relief after costal cartilage harvest for rhinoplasty compared with ICNB with or without PCA. Further study is warranted.     

Efeitos de tramadol,magnésio e cetamina por via intra‐articular sobre a dor pós‐operatória em meniscectomia artroscópica

Objective

Postoperative pain control is important in terms of early recovery and rehabilitation in arthroscopic meniscectomy. For this purpose, we aimed to compare the effects of intraarticular tramadol, magnesium, and ketamine with combinations of pericapsular bupivacaine on postoperative pain and recovery in arthroscopic meniscectomy.

Single-stage repair of secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformity in adults

Correction of cleft lip-nose deformity in adult patients is different from that in children. One-stage correction has proved to be a suitable technique for patients with cleft-lip nose deformity. This study aimed to explore a particular single-stage method and evaluate the effect of simultaneous reparation of secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformities.Cleft lip patients who had previously undergone nasolabial surgery with residual poor nasal/lip appearance were included. The alveolar bone defect was repaired with granular costal cortical bone. Lip revision and rhinoplasty were performed using diced costal cartilage. The lip, nose, and alveolar deformities were corrected in one stage.From 2011 to 2017, 53 cases were treated. The vermilion discrepancy was corrected in all cases. Fifty-one patients were successfully treated, with primary healing in the bony recipient area. Cancellous bone exposure occurred in two cases. The wounds were healed after debridement and drainage. Appearances were improved in all patients. The mean change in columella–labial angle ranged from 82.50 to 92.78° (p < 0.001).This one-stage correction appears to have led to a distinct improvement in the nasal tip projection and lip. The method is considered to be effective and reliable in patients with secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformities.     

Age estimation from ossification of sternum and true ribs using 3D post-mortem CT images in a Japanese population

Age estimation of cadavers from post-mortem “chest plate” using conventional radiography, which involves radiographic assessment of ossification around the sternum and rib ends, has been evaluated without fruitful results. This study examined the value of images of the chest plate obtained by three-dimensional post-mortem CT for estimation of age at time of death in a Japanese population. Five chest plate ossification scores were evaluated in 320 subjects, including ossification of the first costal cartilage (OF), ossification of the second to seventh costal cartilages at the rib (OR) and sternal (OS) ends, fusion of the manubriosternal joint (FM), and fusion of the xiphisternal joint (FX). OS was found to have the highest correlation with age while FM had no significant correlation. The best composite score for age estimation was the summative score for both sides of the OS and the right side of the OF and FX, for which the coefficient of determination (R²) and the standard error of estimation (SEE) were 0.608 and 12.44 years, respectively, for men and 0.590 and 14.65 years for women. The accuracy of the model was tested in a further 26 male and 24 female subjects, and the accuracy rate within the first SEE was 57.69% and 70.83%, respectively. This rapid and non-invasive method of age estimation in the chest plate area is superior to conventional methods and could be useful for estimation of age at time of death in the Japanese population.     

基于p38 MAPK信号通路探讨苍膝通痹胶囊对KOA大鼠关节软骨的保护作用

目的:观察苍膝通痹胶囊治疗膝骨关节炎(KOA)模型大鼠的疗效及相关作用机制。方法:将60只4周龄SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白组,模型组,二甲基亚砜(DMSO)组,苍膝通痹胶囊组,SB203580组以及苍膝通痹胶囊联合SB203580组,每组10只。除正常组外,其余各组采用改良Hulth法建立KOA模型,造模成功后,苍膝通痹胶囊组每日给予0.25 g·kg~(-1)苍膝通痹胶囊溶液灌胃,SB203580组每日给予0.015 g·kg~(-1)的SB203580溶液灌胃,苍膝通痹胶囊联合SB203580组组每日给予含0.015 g·kg~(-1)SB203580及0.25 g·kg~(-1)苍膝通痹胶囊的混合溶液灌胃,DMSO组给予1%DMSO溶液灌胃,模型组和空白组给予生理盐水灌胃,用药干预4周后处死、取材。苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察软骨组织形态学改变,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测外周血上清液中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR(Real-tine PCR)及蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测软骨组织中p38 MAPK信号通路中相关因子p38,p-p38,基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13),Ⅱ型胶原蛋白(CollagenⅡ)mRNA及蛋白的表达水平,免疫组化法检测p-p38的定位表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组关节软骨中p38,p-p38,MMP-13表达水平显著上调(P0.01),CollagenⅡ表达水平显著下调(P0.01),血清IL-1β,TNF-α表达水平显著上调(P0.01);与模型组比较,苍膝通痹胶囊组,SB203580组以及苍膝通痹胶囊联合SB203580组关节软骨中p38,p-p38,MMP-13表达水平显著下调(P0.01),CollagenⅡ表达水平显著上调(P0.01),血清IL-1β,TNF-α表达水平显著下调(P0.01)。结论:苍膝通痹胶囊可有效保护KOA大鼠软骨组织,其机制可能与靶向阻断p38 MAPK信号通路有关。     

Use of Autologous Costal Cartilage Combined with Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene in Asian Rhinoplasty

BackgroundThe corresponding author's experience and recent methods employed in autologous costal cartilage grafts combined with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) in Asian rhinoplasty were presented in this study.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of rhinoplasty performed on patients using autogenous costal cartilage grafts combined with an ePTFE implant.MethodsSeventy-five rhinoplasty cases with autologous costal cartilage grafts and an ePTFE implant were retrospectively reviewed. Graft types, complications associated with the graft itself or graft harvesting, surgical outcomes, and patient satisfaction were assessed.ResultsThe mean follow-up time post-operation was 13.5 months. A total of 42/75 patients underwent revision surgeries. Graft-related complications were found in 8% of cases, including two warped graft and four infection cases. Three individuals with infections had mild graft resorption. One patient with an infection removed the implant. Graft exposure, mobility, and substantial resorption were not recorded. A total of two cases underwent revision procedures for infection and perforation, respectively. Chest incision lengths for graft harvesting averaged 2.1 cm. No pneumothorax or significant donor-site pain was found. Donor-site scars were negligible, although two cases had hypertrophic chest scars. In general, functional and esthetic outcomes were mostly satisfactory among the assessed patients.ConclusionsRhinoplasty using autologous rib cartilage provides adequate support and sufficient cartilage amounts for correcting nasal contouring. Meanwhile, ePTFE alone for nasal dorsum augmentation safely achieves satisfactory outcomes. Rib cartilage rhinoplasty performed by an experienced surgeon yields excellent, long-lasting results with minimal risk; however, the potential for infection should be considered following revision surgery.     

伸筋易骨法调节兔膝关节周围软组织张力影响软骨形态的研究

[目的] 评价伸筋易骨法对膝关节周围软组织张力及软骨形态的影响，以探讨其对膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）的治疗作用。[方法] 选择6~8月龄雌性健康新西兰大耳白兔50只，随机分为5组。其中模型组、推拿组、玻璃酸钠组采用Hulth造模法模拟KOA，正常组、假手术组不做干预。造模成功后，推拿组予伸筋易骨法治疗3周，玻璃酸钠组予局部关节内注射每周1次，共3周，模型组不予任何治疗。治疗结束后，测试股直肌、股二头肌张力，并取软骨组织进行HE染色后光镜下进行形态学观察，并进行Markin评分。分析推拿组与其余4组的异同。[结果] 模型组较正常组，股直肌FDD值和S值显著降低（P<0.05），股二头肌FDD值和S值显著升高（P<0.05）。推拿组和玻璃酸钠组相较于模型组的股直肌FDD值和S值均显著升高（P<0.05））；推拿组和玻璃酸钠组相较于模型组股二头肌的FDD值和S值均显著降低（P<0.05）。推拿组和玻璃酸钠组相较于模型组，Mankin’s评分比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）。[结论] 伸筋易骨法可以显著增加关节周围肌肉的肌力、调节组织张力、改善关节活动功能，对保护膝关节周围软组织功能具有重要意义。     

Optimization of immunohistochemical detection of collagen type II in osteochondral sections by comparing decalcification and antigen retrieval agent combinations

Bone containing tissues such as osteochondral joint are resistant to routine tissue processing, therefore require decalcification. This technique causes removal of mineral salts, but in the process may macerate the organic tissue, hence the need for tissue fixation. Such severe processing demands careful antigen retrieval to necessitate optimal staining. The aim of our study was to compare five different antigen retrieval protocols (heat retrieval and protein digestion) following decalcification of rabbit knee joints using two different techniques (20% formic acid and 10% ethylenediamine-tetra acetic acid: EDTA). Osteochondral sections were compared based on time required for decalcification, ease of sectioning, morphological integrity using HE staining and antigen preservation (Collagen type II) using immunohistochemistry. The two decalcification solutions did not impair the tissue morphology and ease of sectioning. Joints processed with formic acid decalcified four times faster than EDTA. Among the five antigen retrieval approaches, maximal collagen II uptake with minimal nonspecific staining was found with protein digestion (pronase and hyaluronidase) in both formic acid and EDTA sections. For osteo-chondral sections, we recommend using 10% EDTA for decalcification and pronase plus hyaluronidase for antigen retrieval if maintaining tissue morphology is crucial, whereas if time is of the essence, 20% FA with pronase plus hyaluronidase is the faster option while still preserving structural integrity. Clin. Anat. 33:343–349, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.