温阳通脉方联合抗抑郁药及认知行为干预对恐惧性姿势性眩晕患者的临床研究

目的:探讨温阳通脉方联合抗抑郁药及认知行为干预治疗恐惧性姿势性眩晕(PPV)的临床疗效。方法:选取2015年6月至2017年6月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的PPV患者78例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组39例,对照组采用抗抑郁药及认知行为干预治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予温阳通脉汤加减治疗,连续治疗4周,随访6个月。治疗前后采用国际眩晕评分量表(DHI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定患者的临床症状及心理状态改善情况,检测并比较2组治疗前后凝血功能指标变化,统计2组临床疗效及随访期间复发情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床总有效率89. 74%,明显高于对照组的69. 23%(P 0. 05)。治疗后2组躯体症状评分、心理因子评分、社会功能评分、DHI总分、HAMD评分及HAMA评分均较治疗前明显下降(P 0. 01),且观察组各项评分均低于对照组(P 0. 05或P 0. 01)。治疗后对照组各项凝血功能指标无明显变化(P 0. 05),观察组PT、APTT明显延长,且长于对照组,FIB及D-D水平明显降低,且低于对照组(P 0. 01)。随访期间,观察组、对照组复发率分别为12. 82%、17. 95%,2组间复发率差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)结论:PPV患者在抗抑郁药及认知行为干预的基础上应用温阳通脉方治疗效果显著,不仅有效降低患者各种负面情绪,同时改善了血液高凝状态及眩晕症状,具有一定的临床推广价值。     

Increase in muscle tone promotes the use of ankle strategies during perturbed stance

Background:To maintain an upright standing posture against external disturbances, the human body mainly employs two types of postural control strategies: “ankle strategy” and “hip strategy.” While it has been reported that the magnitude of the disturbance alters the use of postural control strategies, it has not been elucidated how the level of muscle tone, one of the crucial parameters of bodily function, determines the use of each strategy. We have previously confirmed using forward dynamics simulations of human musculoskeletal models that an increased muscle tone promotes the use of ankle strategies. The objective of the present study was to experimentally evaluate a hypothesis: an increased muscle tone promotes the use of ankle strategies.Research question:Do changes in the muscle tone affect the use of ankle strategies?Methods:Participants were asked to maintain their standing posture on a movable platform sliding horizontally at several accelerations. Postural reactions for support surface translations were examined under three instructions with or without handgrips: relax state, squeezing a handgrip, and an increased muscle tone of the whole body. Surface-electromyography and marker locations of joints were measured to calculate the index of muscle tone and postural control strategies. The relationship of the indexes was evaluated based on correlation coefficients.Results:In half of the conditions, weak negative correlations were noted between the muscle tone index and postural control strategy index. In other words, an increased muscle tone rather promoted the use of the ankle strategy than the hip strategy. These findings are consistent with our previous simulation results.Significance:The results recognized a positive response to the research question. This suggests that it is crucial to take muscle tone into account to understand postural control strategies.     

Biomechanical characteristics of handstand walking initiation

BackgroundThe initiation in human locomotion is defined as the transition between upright stance and steady-state gait. While past literature abundantly investigated the initiation in bipedal gait, the initiation of handstand walking remains unexplored.Research questionThe current study aims to characterise the centre of pressure (CoP) and centre of mass (CoM) trajectory of handstand walking initiation as well as the spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters and balance strategy of this task. Also, the study examined the CoP trajectory similarity within- and between-participants using a coefficient of multiple correlation analysis.MethodsNineteen gymnasts took part in this study. Handstand walking initiation trials were recorded using force plates and a stereophotogrammetric system. CoM and CoP trajectories were analysed during the Baseline, Preparation and Execution phases of the motor task.ResultsWe found that to successfully perform the handstand walking initiation, a shift of the CoM forward and towards the stance hand is required as a result of a lateral and posterior CoP shift. All participants performed a similar CoP pattern in the mediolateral direction, whereas two anteroposterior CoP displacement strategies were identified across participants based on different timing execution of posterior CoP shift. While CoP and CoM kinematic differences were identified during the Preparation Phase due to the adopted strategy, no significant difference was found in the Execution Phase for the spatiotemporal and kinematic characteristics.SignificanceA better understanding of the required CoP/CoM patterns and balance control provides the basis for further neuromechanics research on the topic and could contribute to individualise training protocols to improve the learning of the task.     

The effect of foot type,body length and mass on postural stability

BackgroundPoor postural stability is associated with chronic ankle instability. Previous research showed an effect of foot type on postural stability. However, the specific effect of supinated feet remains unclear.Research questionOur study aimed to assess the effect of foot type on postural stability, while taking potential confounding effects of body mass and body height into account.MethodsForty-three healthy participants between 18 and 40 years old performed barefooted single leg stance tests with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) on solid ground, and on a balance board (BB). Foot type was determined from pressure recordings during gait, using the arch index. Ground reaction forces were measured using a force plate. Outcome measures were Center of Pressure Velocity (COPV) divided by body height, and the Horizontal Ground Reaction Force (HGRF) divided by body mass. Generalized Estimating Equations models assessed the differences between supinated, normal and pronated feet during EO, EC and on a BB.ResultsDuring EO an interaction between supinated feet and body mass showed an increase of COPV with 0.03 × 10^-2 1/s per kilogram of mass relative to normal feet (p = .03). During EC this interaction was more pronounced with 0.22 × 10^-2 1/s increase per kilogram mass (p < .01). The HGRF did not differ between foot types in any of the conditions.SignificanceSupinated feet have a larger increase in COPV compared to normal feet with increasing mass when standing on solid ground during EO and EC. This indicates that people with supinated feet and a higher mass are less stable during single leg stance.Level of evidenceLevel 3, associative study.     

儿童体位性心动过速综合征的诊断

儿童体位性心动过速综合征（postural tachycardia syndrome， POTS）是儿童时期晕厥最常见的病因之一， 主要表现为体位改变或直立后头晕、 头痛、 心悸、面色改变、视物模糊、 乏力、 晕厥等。通过直立或直立倾斜试验（HUTT）， 可以对儿童体位性心动过速综合征（POTS）作出明确诊断， 从而达到有效的早期治疗， 减少儿童晕厥的发生。     

The effect of tactile feedback on gait initiation in people with Parkinson's disease: A pilot study

BackgroundGait initiation and turning are common triggers for Freezing of Gait (FOG) in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently, it has been shown that closed-loop tactile feedback (CLTF) can be effective to improve turning performance in people with FOG.Research questionDoes CLTF change the preparation and execution of the first step during gait initiation?MethodsPeople (n = 36) with PD with FOG (PD + FOG) (n = 18) and without FOG (PD-FOG) (n = 18) were included in the study and performed self-initiated gait with or without CLTF under single and dual task conditions. Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and step kinematics were quantified with inertial measurement units (IMUs). Muscle activity of the right and left tensor fasciae latae (TFL) was measured via EMG recordings.ResultsPD + FOG and PD-FOG did not differ in age, gender and disease duration and severity (p > 0.05). PD + FOG performed smaller APAs (F = 4.559, p = 0.04) with a higher amount of TFL co-contraction (F = 6.034, p = 0.02) compared to PD-FOG. CLTF had no effect on APAs but led to an increase in first step duration (F = 7.921, p = 0.008).ConclusionsPD + FOG had smaller APAs and higher left and right TFL co-contraction during gait initiation. CLTF did not impact preparation of the first step but led to a slower execution of the first step. We speculate that, similarly to findings from turning, CLTF might result in the participant attending more closely to the first step compared to without CLTF. Whether increased attention on gait initiation is beneficial in diminishing FOG should be investigated in more detail.     

Personal responsibility modulates neural representations of anticipatory and experienced pain

An individual's sense of personal responsibility is crucial for adaptive functioning in ever‐changing social situations. This study investigated how the sense of personal responsibility affected the neural dynamics of anticipating one's own pain and another person's pain, using EEG. Participants played a cooperation game in which either the participant (self‐context) or the confederate (other‐context) received a mild electric shock whenever one of them erred. At the anticipatory stage of pain, feedback‐related negativity (FRN) and P300 were sensitive to the degree of responsibility in both contexts. The FRN was more negative when the participant had full responsibility (only the participant had erred) than when the participant shared responsibility with the confederate (both had erred) or had no responsibility (only the confederate had erred), and shared responsibility elicited more negative FRN than no responsibility. Having no responsibility produced larger P300 amplitudes than having shared or full responsibility, whereas there was no significant difference in P300 amplitude between the shared responsibility and the full responsibility conditions. When the shock was delivered to the participants, the P2 was smaller when there was no responsibility than when there was shared or full responsibility. When participants observed the painful facial expressions of the confederates, the P300 was not sensitive to responsibility level. Our results suggest that responsibility level modulates FRN and P300 in anticipation of pain experienced by both self and others, reflecting the attentional and affective experiences in both pain‐ and empathy‐related processes.