基于网络药理学的气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛活性作用分析

目的通过网络药理学的方法预测气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛主要活性成分的作用靶点,结合中医方解配伍理论对其多成分-多靶点-多通路的作用进行分析。方法基于TCMSP中药系统生物学分析数据库收集气滞胃痛颗粒中6味中药的主要化学成分,并借助LC-MS技术对所筛成分进行分析,通过TCMSP检索和Pharmmapper软件预测获取各成分主要的作用靶标,并通过DIP数据库,利用蛋白质相互作用信息建立药物靶标与炎症疼痛靶标的关联,构建药物-靶标-疾病网络,通过网络特征分析气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛的作用靶标,阐释其抗炎镇痛的主要作用机制。结果根据网络分析,共有44个炎症疼痛靶点与气滞胃痛颗粒密切相关,其中直接作用靶点有20个,主要是对环加氧酶-2(COX-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)等蛋白酶的作用,作用机制可能与调节肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路、NOD样受体(NLR)信号通路、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号通路等与炎症疼痛密切相关的信号通路有关。结论气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛作用体现了中药多成分、多靶点、多途径的作用特点,该研究为深入阐释气滞胃痛颗粒抗炎镇痛作用机制提供科学依据,并且进一步说明了中医药古方配伍理论的科学性。     

A new way to reduce the pain of ultherapy treatment

This article describes a case of using intravenous sufentanil in treatment of ultherapy to achieve satisfactory analgesic effect. Further rearchis need to find a convenient, safe and practical method to solve the problem of pain caused by ultherapy treatment.     

What proportion of patients with chronic noncancer pain are prescribed an opioid medicine? Systematic review and meta‐regression of observational studies

Guidelines now discourage opioid analgesics for chronic noncancer pain because the benefits frequently do not outweigh the harms. We aimed to determine the proportion of patients with chronic noncancer pain who are prescribed an opioid, the types prescribed and factors associated with prescribing. Database searches were conducted from inception to 29 October 2018 without language restrictions. We included observational studies of adults with chronic noncancer pain measuring opioid prescribing. Opioids were categorized as weak (e.g. codeine) or strong (e.g. oxycodone). Study quality was assessed using a risk of bias tool designed for observational studies measuring prevalence. Individual study results were pooled using a random‐effects model. Meta‐regression investigated study‐level factors associated with prescribing (e.g. sampling year, geographic region as per World Health Organization). The overall evidence quality was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Of the 42 studies (5,059,098 participants) identified, the majority (n = 28) were from the United States of America. Eleven studies were at low risk of bias. The pooled estimate of the proportion of patients with chronic noncancer pain prescribed opioids was 30.7% (95% CI 28.7% to 32.7%, n = 42 studies, moderate‐quality evidence). Strong opioids were more frequently prescribed than weak (18.4% (95% CI 16.0–21.0%, n = 15 studies, low‐quality evidence), versus 8.5% (95% CI 7.2–9.9%, n = 15 studies, low‐quality evidence)). Meta‐regression determined that opioid prescribing was associated with year of sampling (more prescribing in recent years) (P = 0.014) and not geographic region (P = 0.056). Opioid prescribing for patients with chronic noncancer pain is common and has increased over time.     

心房颤动射频消融术后心脏损伤后综合征1例治疗心得及文献复习

对我院心脏中心2018年5月诊断的1例心房颤动射频消融术后心脏损伤后综合征的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并对国内外相关文献进行复习。患者RFCA术后早期出现胸腔积液、炎性标志物升高,拟诊断为RFCA术所致心脏损伤后综合征(postcardiac injury syndrome,PCIS),应用皮质类固醇激素后胸腔积液吸收。PCIS患者一般情况下预后良好。有明显发热、胸痛症状的患者,可予非甾体类消炎镇痛药物(如吲哚美辛)等对症处理。早期应用皮质类固醇激素对有心包积液和胸腔积液的患者有良好的治疗效果。     

Analgesic treatments in people with dementia - how safe are they? A systematic review

Introduction: People with dementia may be unable to verbally express pain and suffer from untreated pain. Use of analgesics in people with dementia has increased during the last decade, in particular opioid analgesics with high potential for adverse effects.

Areas covered: This article presents a systematic review of the current evidence for safety and tolerability of analgesic drugs from randomized controlled trials in people with dementia. Relevant trials were identified by a literature search in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases from inception to November 2018. The search included the main terms ‘dementia’ and ‘analgesic’ or their subterms, and was filtered to limit results to clinical trials.

Expert opinion: Although pain treatment is increasingly recognized as an important clinical issue in people with advanced dementia, there is currently a lack of evidence to support safety evaluations of commonly used analgesics in this group. To inform treatment decisions and enable care providers to appropriately monitor patients at risk of adverse effects, it is necessary to conduct well-designed clinical trials to investigate the relative efficacy and safety of analgesics in people with dementia, with particular emphasis on harmful effects of long-term opioid use as well as short-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.     

舒芬太尼对多发伤术后机械通气患者镇痛镇静效果的观察

目的：观察舒芬太尼对多发伤术后机械通气患者镇痛镇静的效果。方法将30例多发伤术后机械通气患者患者随机分为2组,舒芬太尼组给予负荷剂量0．2μg／kg 后,维持量以每小时0．1μg／kg 持续泵入;芬太尼组给予负荷剂量2μg／kg 后,维持量以每小时1μg／kg 持续泵入。记录两组患者入 ICU 后给药前（T0）,给药后1 h（T1）,给药后4 h（T2）,给药后8 h（T3）,给药后24 h （T4）患者生命指征、VAS 评分、Ramsay 评分、机械通气时间与 ICU 住院时间。结果舒芬太尼组在 T2、T3、T4时刻平均血压、心率、呼吸均低于芬太尼组（P ＜0．05）,镇痛镇静评分优于芬太尼组（P ＜0．05）,机械通气时间与 ICU 住院时间较芬太尼组明显减少（P ＜0．05）。结论舒芬太尼对多发伤术后机械通气患者镇痛镇静有良好的效果。     

炒九香虫的炮制工艺优化及其质量标准的建立

目的:优选炒九香虫的炮制工艺,并建立其质量标准。方法:采用滚筒式炒药机,以炮制温度、炮制时间、炒药机转速为炮制因素,以镇痛率、多巴胺二聚体含量和醇溶性浸出物得率为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验优选九香虫的炒制工艺,利用最佳工艺对10个不同批次的九香虫进行炒制,并测定其总灰分和醇溶性浸出物的含量。结果:炒九香虫的最佳工艺为炒制温度170℃,炒制时间5 min,炒药机转速50 r·min~(-1)。建议炒九香虫的总灰分定为不超过5.2%,醇溶性浸出物不得少于16.8%。结论:优选的炮制工艺合理可靠、稳定性好、方法简便,为规范炒九香虫饮片的炮制工艺和质量标准提供科学依据。     

复方细辛酊对家兔牙髓神经的镇痛作用

目的 用动物实验方法观察复方细辛酊（CATT）的镇痛作用。方法 采用牙髓电刺激法测定CATT对家兔急性牙痛的镇痛作用。结果 CATT对电刺激家兔牙髓神经致痛有明显的镇痛作用，且于用药后5min即开始起效。约30－60min达高峰，维持时间在120min以上，随后有逐渐恢复趋势。而且，此作用与其赋形剂75％酒精无关。结论 CATT局部应用是一种治疗牙痛的有效药物。     

万年蒿及其有效成分的药理作用研究进展

万年蒿 Artemisia sacrorum 是中国东北地区的习用药材,有清热解毒、凉血止血、止痛的功效。现代药理学研究表明,万年蒿及其有效成分在保肝、抗癌、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗肥胖、抗菌、抗氧化、镇痛等方面具有良好的药理活性,同时对万年蒿防治肝损伤、抗癌、抗炎、抗肥胖等的作用机制进行了研究。随着蒿属植物研究的深入,万年蒿作为常用的蒿属植物得到了更多的关注。对万年蒿及其有效成分的药理作用进行综述,以期为进一步利用、质量控制以及新药研发提供依据。     

电针辅助局部浸润麻醉对腰椎间盘切除术镇痛效果的观察

目的:观察电针辅助局部浸润麻醉对经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术的镇痛作用。方法:选取2020年5月—2022年4月天津中医药大学第一附属医院南院骨伤科诊治的62例因腰椎间盘突出症行经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术的患者,随机均分为两组,对照组采用局部浸润麻醉,观察组采用局部浸润麻醉结合电针治疗。分别记录两组患者在麻醉前、切皮、建立通道、神经减压及手术结束时的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR);采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)法对上述各时点进行疼痛评估;记录患者术中、术后的不良反应发生情况。结果:在麻醉前、切皮及手术结束时,两组患者的HR、SBP、DBP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在建立通道、神经减压时,观察组的HR、SBP及DBP均低于对照组(P<0.05)。在麻醉前、切皮、手术结束时,两组VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在建立通道、神经减压时,两组VAS评分均有升高趋势,观察组升高幅度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:电针治疗辅助局部浸润麻醉法在经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术中既可增强镇痛效果,又可稳定患者术中的血压、心率,减少不良反应。