肌骨超声在腰痛诊断中的应用

腰痛已成为世界范围内主要的公共健康问题,常规的腰痛影像学检查会反复地对患者造成辐射伤害,并且存在一定的漏诊、误诊的可能性,延误治疗时机。肌骨超声是一种非侵入性的成像方法,具有安全、无创的特点,并且价格低廉,已经作为常用的腰痛辅助筛查手段。通过对腰痛的常规影像学检查手段进行分析比较,全面阐述肌骨超声在腰痛的诊断及康复过程中的价值,为更好地促进腰痛的诊断和康复提供理论基础。     

超声刀对胸腔镜食管癌切除术患者术后疼痛介质及氧化应激指标水平的影响

[目的]探讨应用腔镜下超声刀食管癌切除术对患者术后疼痛介质释放及氧化应激反应的影响.[方法]回顾性分析本院收治的127例食管癌患者的临床资料,根据手术方法的不同将其分为观察组(腔镜下超声刀食管癌切除术,n=65)和对照组(腔镜下电刀食管癌切除术,n=62).比较两组术中情况及并发症发生率,同时比较手术前后两组血清五羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)及钾离子(K^+)水平,不同时刻超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)水平.[结果]观察组手术时间、术中出血、胸腔引流量均低于对照组,清扫淋巴结数量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后两组血清5-HT、K^+、NE水平高于术前,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术毕、术后3 h两组SOD、GSH-Px水平低于术前,MDA水平高于术前,且两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组并发症发生率为3.08%(2/65),低于对照组的20.97%(13/62),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=9.75,P<0.05).[结论]腔镜下超声刀食管癌切除术可降低患者疼痛介质、氧化应激产物水平,同时还可优化手术过程,减少术后并发症的发生.     

白及多糖超声提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

目的：优化白及多糖的超声提取工艺，比较不同产地白及多糖含量差异，考察白及多糖稳定性和抗氧化活性。方法：以多糖得率为考察指标，料液比、超声温度、超声时间为考察因素设计L9（34）正交试验优化白及多糖超声波提取工艺；以苯酚-硫酸法测定白及多糖含量，考察陕西汉中、云南普洱、湖南洪江及四川绵阳白及多糖含量产地差异；以化学方法考察白及多糖稳定性，并比较白及多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基（DPPH·）和羟基自由基（·OH）的清除率以评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果：最佳超声提取工艺条件为：料液比1:25（g/mL）、超声温度80 ℃、超声时间10 min；四川绵阳白及多糖含量最高，达到60.81%，湖南洪江次之，云南普洱最低；白及多糖在柠檬酸及中性溶液中的稳定性较好，在苯甲酸钠、过酸性或过碱性溶液中的稳定性较差；白及多糖能有效地清除DPPH和羟基自由基，具有潜在的体外抗氧化活性。结论：白及多糖超声波提取工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性研究，可为白及多糖提取及综合利用提供借鉴。     

PBL教学法在临床实习护士查房中的应用

目的探讨PBL教学法在临床实习护士查房中的应用。方法选取2018年1月-2018年11月于本院实习的42例护士作为研究对象,按照查房方法的差异分为对照组(21例)与观察组(21例),对照组采用传统查房法,观察组采用PBL教学法。比较两组护理业务成绩、临床各项评价指标得分情况以及对护理查房业务的掌握程度。结果观察组临床护理业务兴趣、自主学习能力、学习效率、回答问题踊跃程度等各项指标得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组理论考试、实操训练、病历书写等临床各项评价指标得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组对护理查房业务的掌握程度为95.2%,高于对照组的61.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在临床护理业务查房中应用教学法,建议采纳PBL教学法,在提高实习护士理论知识、提升业务水平和综合能力方面价值显著。     

Cardiac Denervation for Arrhythmia Treatment with Transesophageal Ultrasonic Strategy in Canine Models

Stellate ganglion (SG) modification has been investigated for arrhythmia treatment. In this study, transesophageal SG imaging and intervention were explored using a homemade 30F integrated focused ultrasonic catheter in healthy mongrel canines in vivo. Anatomic details of SGs were ultrasonically imaged and evaluated. SG had a heterogeneous echoic structure and characteristic profiles sketched by hyper-echoic outlines in an ultrasonogram. Left SGs in the experimental group were successfully ablated through the esophagus under ultrasonic guidance provided by the catheter itself. Two weeks after the ablation, the QT and QTc of the experimental group decreased compared with those of the sham group and at baseline (both p values < 0.001). Histologic examination revealed that left SGs were destroyed. No major complications were observed. This approach may be further explored as a method for ganglia remodeling evaluation and as a strategy of ganglia modification for arrhythmia and for other diseases.     

Reliability of Cervicocephalic Proprioception Assessment: A Systematic Review

ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review was to determine the reliability and, where possible, the validity of cervicocephalic proprioceptive (CCP) tests in healthy adults and clinical populations.MethodsA systematic search, utilizing 7 databases from the earliest possible date to April 14, 2021, identified studies that measured reliability of CCP tests. Studies were screened for eligibility, and included studies were appraised using Quality Appraisal Tool for Studies of Diagnostic Reliability (QAREL) and Quality Assessment and Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 Tool (QUADAS-2) tools. Validity outcomes were assessed for included studies.ResultsOf 34 included studies, 29 investigated reliability for sense of position tests, 10 involved sense of movement tests, and 1 used a sense of force test. The head to neutral test was reliable and valid when 6 or more repetitions were performed within the test, discriminating between those with and without neck pain. Head tracking tests were reliable with 6 repetitions, and 1 study found discriminative validity in a whiplash population. Studies that found discriminative validity in sense of position reported mean joint position error generally >4.5° in the neck pain group and <4.5° in the asymptomatic group. No sense of force test was applied to a clinical population. Convergent validity analysis showed that these proprioceptive tests have low correlations with each other.ConclusionThe reliability and validity of CCP tests for sense of position and movement are dependent upon equipment and repetitions. Six repetitions are generally required for good reliability, and joint position error >4.5° is likely to indicate impairment in sense of position.