28例原发性卵黄囊瘤患者的CT表现分析

目的分析28例原发性卵黄囊瘤(YST)患者的CT表现。方法选择2015年2月至2019年12月收治的28例YST患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,8例YST患者入院后均予以CT检查,然后对患者的CT影像学特征和临床资料数据进行分析比较。结果本研究中28例YST患者肿瘤位于性腺的有17例(60.71%),其中位于睾丸、卵巢处的分别有7例、10例,占比分别为60.71%、41.18%,均为单侧发病;9例(39.29%)位于性腺外,其中位于骶尾部、前纵隔、阴道的分别有6例、2例、1例,占比分别为66.67%、22.22%、11.11%。CT检测可见肿瘤"浅分叶",且呈"椭网形",18例(64.29%)肿瘤边界较为清晰,9例(32.14%)呈"深分叶状"形态不规则;8例(28.57%)边界模糊,肿瘤大小分析可见,肿瘤位于前纵隔、卵巢的相对较大,位于阴道、睾丸、骶尾部的相对较小。28例YST患者中,单纯型21例YST(75.00%),混合型7例(25.00%)。结论原发性卵黄囊瘤进行CT检测尤为重要,其CT表现具有一定特征性,可为临床治疗提供一定的依据。     

Innovating medication reviews through a technology-enabled process

Medication reviews are effective in improving the quality of medication use among older people. However, they are conducted to various standards resulting in a wide range of outcomes which limit generalisability of findings arising from research studies. There also appear to be funding and time constraints, lack of data storage for quality improvement purposes, and non-standardised reporting of outcomes, especially clinically relevant outcomes. Furthermore, the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has restricted many face-to-face activities, including medication reviews. This article introduces a technology-enabled approach to medication reviews that may overcome some limitations with current medication review processes, and also make it possible to conduct medication reviews during the COVID-19 pandemic by providing an alternate platform. The possible advantages of this technology-enabled approach, legislative considerations and possible implementation in practice are discussed.     

New evidence supporting lung cancer screening with low dose CT & surgical implications

IntroductionLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-death worldwide. The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPTSF) approved screening for current or former smokers aged 55–80 based on the results of the National Lung Screening trial (NLST). Following the NLST, new evidence has emerged from clinical trials and updates to previous trials prior to the anticipated update to the USPSTF guideline. We review the new evidence on lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography (LDCT) and the surgical implications.MethodsA review of new literature was performed pertaining to lung cancer screening since implementation of UPSTF guidelines. Articles for inclusion were identified by both authors’, then search of the Pubmed and Cochrane database was performed from January 1st, 2013 through February 4th, 2020 using the MeSH search terms: “lung cancer”; “screening”; “low dose CT”. The results of these studies are summarized.ResultsWe identified multiple prospective randomized control trials and meta-analysis since the NLST supporting lung cancer-specific mortality with screening. We identified new nodule classification systems and the development of risk-models which may reduce false positive rates and identify high risk patients not currently eligible for screening. Finally, we discussed the surgical implications of screening.ConclusionNew data supports NLST findings and show ongoing benefit to LDCT for lung cancer screening. Standardized LDCT screening classification has been shown to reduce harm and lower false positive rates. Further study is needed regarding use of risk-modeling. Screening will require an increase in the thoracic workforce to accommodate the amount of surgically operable cancers.     

Valuing height: diagnosis,valuation and the case of idiopathic short stature

This paper proposes a ‘valuographic’ approach to diagnosis, exploring how values and valuation practices are implicated in the contested diagnostic category of idiopathic short stature (ISS). ISS describes children who are ‘abnormally’ short but do not have any other detectable pathology. In the USA growth‐promoting hormone therapy has been approved for ISS children, since 2003. However, no other jurisdiction has approved this treatment and the value of ISS as a diagnostic category remains disputed among healthcare professionals. Drawing on qualitative interviews with paediatric endocrinologists in the UK and the US, this study presents a historical snapshot illustrating how the problematisation of ISS as a diagnosis involved multiple registers of value including epistemic, economic and moral calculations of worth. Contestation of the diagnosis was not just about what counts but about what ought to be counted, as respondents’ accounts of ISS gave differential weight to a range of types of evidence and methods of assessment. Ultimately what was at stake was not just the value of increased height for short patients, but what it meant to properly practice paediatric endocrinology. Consideration is then given to how a valuographic approach can be applied to sociological studies of diagnosis more broadly.     

HR-HPV联合TCT在评估宫颈病变分类中的应用价值

目的分析高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)联合液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)在评估宫颈病变分类中的应用价值。方法选取宫颈病变确诊治疗的患者500例,行TCT、HR-HPV检测,统计TCT、HR-HPV检测结果及病理宫颈病变情况,以病理活检结果为金标准,对HR-HPV、TCT单独检查及联合检查进行方法学评价。结果 500例病理诊断阳性227例、阴性273例;经HR-HPV联合TCT检测检出阳性302例,阴性198例,检测灵敏度为93.39%,特异度为67.03%,准确率为62.80%,阳性预测值为55.35%,阴性预测值为87.18%,灵敏度、特异性、准确率、阴性预测值较单项检测均提高。结论 HR-HPV联合TCT检测在宫颈病变评估中较单项检测诊断效能更高,有利于指导临床宫颈病变分类、宫颈癌筛查及疾病治疗等,进而能降低患者相关医疗费用和家庭经济负担,改善预后,具有良好的社会、经济效益。     

Disruptive Innovation and Technological Influences on Healthcare

The purpose of this article is to discuss how disruptive innovation and technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and clinical decision support systems (CDSS), are used in healthcare practice, the impact of use, and implications for healthcare staff and leaders associated with the protection of sensitive patient data. Additionally, this article will address the implications associated with using disruptive technologies in practice and the need to safeguard health information. The rising use of AI and CDSS, the need for cohesive management of data, and the use of analytic software have been identified as one of the major issues facing healthcare leaders today. In this brief, a summary of the issues and the implications for future healthcare leaders will be discussed.     

以评估为基础开展安宁缓和医疗实践

安宁缓和医疗在我国刚刚起步,迫切需要结合各个地区的实际情况来开展相关实践。确认安宁缓和医疗的服务内容,有效评估患者的预期寿命、评估患者“身、心、社、灵”各方面的需求,根据不同的需求给予合适的干预,是开展安宁缓和医疗实践的关键。恰当的评估可有助于高效开展安宁缓和医疗工作。