经络艾灸防治乳腺癌根治术后患侧上肢水肿的效果评价

目的观察循经艾灸预防乳腺癌患者根治术后上肢水肿的效果。方法采用便利抽样法选取乳腺外科乳腺癌根治术的患者150例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组75例。对照组行常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上在手术侧上肢循经艾灸。于术前1 d、术后第14天和术后1个月,测量两组患者患侧上肢水肿程度。结果观察组术后患侧上肢水肿发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论术后循经艾灸可有效预防乳腺癌根治术后患侧上肢水肿,提高患者舒适度。     

Selective coating of cylindrical matrices with a central hole. I. An interpretation of the swelling process

Cylindrical matrices were prepared by compression either of polyvinyl alcohol 100000 or mixtures of the excipient and a drug (sodium salicylate or theophylline). To modify the cylindrical shape, a hole was bored in the centre of the flat surface through both sides of the matrices. Different swellable systems were obtained applying an impermeable coating to one, two or three surfaces of the perforated matrices. The swelling of the perforated matrices was modified according to the number and the position of the coated surfaces (selective coating) and the loaded drug. Pseudo-zero order kinetics were obtained when the interior hole was the only uncoated surface.     

Site-related variations in glycosaminoglycan content and swelling properties of bovine flexor tendon

The presence of morphologically distinct tissues within the adult bovine deep flexor tendon presented a model which we examined for correlations between proteoglycan content and tissue swelling properties. The proximal portion which experiences only tensile forces contained low levels of glycosaminoglycan (0.2% glycosaminoglycan hexosamine as percentage of dry weight) that were evenly distributed throughout its length and thickness. Collagen accounted for 80% of tissue mass, and collagen fibers formed parallel arrays running longitudinal to the direction of tensile force. In equilibrium bulk swelling tests, the properties of proximal tissue were uniform throughout the tissue and typical of collagenous tissues in which the response to equilibration in low ionic strength buffers or acid pH is dominated by the collagen network. The anterior aspect of the distal deep flexor tendon articulates with the stiff paratendinous sheath and sesamoid bones and is subjected to compressive and frictional forces in addition to longitudinal tensile forces. Along this anterior surface and extending partially into the tendon is tissue that resembles fibrocartilage with collagen fibers organized as a random network. Greatest glycosaminoglycan hexosamine contents (2-3% of dry weight) were found in the distal surface layer, and large proteoglycans were concentrated at the site receiving direct compressive and frictional loads. Equilibrium bulk swelling tests on distal tissue showed that the articulating surface layer possessed unique material properties. Distal surface layers swelled when counter ions were washed from the tissue, whereas lowered pH had little effect on distal tissue volume. Swelling properties of distal tissue correlated directly with proteoglycan content and were similar to swelling properties of articular cartilage. These results suggest that the articulating layer of distal flexor tendon is adapted for a unique set of mechanical requirements and that an elevated proteoglycan content at the site of compressive and frictional forces contributes to meeting these functional needs.     

三氯乙烯诱发SD大鼠产生免疫反应的模型研究

目的研究SD大鼠对三氯乙烯(trichloroethylene,TCE)免疫刺激的反应,拟建立大鼠对TCE免疫反应的模型.方法背部皮内注射体积分数为15%的TCE免疫SD大鼠,1周1次,免疫5次后于大鼠左后足跖膜下注射TCE攻击,6h称左右后足重量计算肿胀度.取TCE免疫大鼠心脏血,分离并培养单个核细胞.将培养的细胞与系列浓度的TCE共同培养2d后,检测细胞酸性磷酸酶的活性,据此判断细胞的活化增殖程度.结果 TCE免疫大鼠攻击足肿胀度与空白对照组大鼠的相比差异显著(P＜0.005).体积分数为3%的TCE可使培养的大鼠血单个核细胞的增殖达到峰值.结论重复皮内注射TCE可使SD大鼠产生某种免疫反应.SD大鼠的单个核细胞可被TCE刺激活化.     

协定肢伤Ⅰ方口服、热敷治疗四肢闭合损伤大样本随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察协定肢伤I方口服热敷治疗四肢闭合损伤疗效。[方法]使用大样本随机平行对照方法,将2468例门诊及住院患者按掷骰子法随机分为两组。对照组1212例协定肢伤I方(红花、延胡索各15g,桃仁、川芎、赤芍、生三七粉另包冲服、当归、泽泻、桂枝、牛膝、山楂各10g),1剂/d,水煎300mL,早晚温服;蜡疗机熬化粗石蜡装塑料袋敷于患处,12h/次。治疗组1256例协定肢伤I方药渣加水送入湿热敷机内与敷布同煮30min,于伤后或术后24h将敷布外套棉布贴敷于伤处,30min/次,2次/d;协定肢伤I方口服同对照组。连续治疗7d为1疗程。观测临床症状、疼痛积分、肿胀指数、不良反应。治疗1疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组痊愈922例,显效248例,有效63例,无效23例,总有效率98.16%。对照组痊愈705例,显效278例,有效105例,无效124例,总有效率89.76%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。相关指标两组均有改善(P0.05),治疗组改善优于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]协定肢伤I方口服热敷治疗四肢闭合损伤效果显著,值得推广。     

不同软组织肿胀情况下两种方法治疗GartlandⅢ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折的效果比较

目的 比较不同软组织肿胀情况下闭合复位内固定与切开复位内固定方式治疗GartlandⅢ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折的效果,探讨软组织情况对于治疗方式选择及预后的影响.方法 回顾分析2008年1月～2013年12月于宁波市第六医院采用闭合复位内固定或切开复位内固定方式治疗,年龄在7～11岁并得到随访6～24个月(平均11个月)的GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿155例,按治疗时软组织肿胀情况分为轻度肿胀组和中、重度肿胀组,参照Flynn肱骨髁上骨折疗效评定标准,比较不同软组织条件下两种治疗方式对骨折预后的影响.结果 155例根据骨折软组织肿胀情况分组:轻度肿胀组41例,采用闭合复位内固定39例,其中优35例,良4例,优良率为100％;切开复位2例,优1例,良1例,优良率100％.中、重度肿胀组114例,采用闭合复位内固定28例,其中优7例,良16例,可4例,差1例,优良率为82.1％;切开复位86例,优50例,良27例,可8例,差1例,优良率为89.5％.在中、重度肿胀组,两种治疗方式间疗效差异有统计学意义(x2=-9.549,P=0.023).结论 对于Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折,软组织肿胀程度直接影响预后,在明显肿胀发生前采用闭合复位的方式可以得到较好的疗效,对于软组织已经明显肿胀的病例切开复位的方式效果会更好,而不是等待骨形态重塑或截骨矫形治疗.     

风热流浸膏解热镇痛和抗炎作用的实验研究

目的观察风热流浸膏的抗炎、镇痛和解热作用。方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀的模型观察抗炎作用;采用乙酸和热刺激致小鼠疼痛的模型观察镇痛作用;采用2,4-二硝基酚和酵母粉致大鼠发热的模型观察解热作用。结果风热流浸膏能减轻小鼠耳肿胀和大鼠足趾肿胀炎症反应,缓解乙酸和热刺激所致疼痛,降低2,4-二硝基酚和酵母粉致大鼠发热的体温。结论风热流浸膏具有显著的抗炎、镇痛和解热作用。     

Randomized clinical study comparing Piezoelectric Surgery with conventional rotatory osteotomy in mandibular third molars surgeries

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and to assess the postoperative sequel and quality of life after removal of impacted mandibular third molars using piezoelectric surgery compared with conventional rotatory osteotomy.Patients and methodsA single blinded, randomized, control clinical study was performed. Sixty-three patients (44 males, 19 females) who presented with bilaterally asymptomatic impacted mandibular third molars were included in this analysis. Each patient was treated, at two separate sessions approximately 4 weeks apart, with a conventional rotatory hand piece on one side of the mandible and a piezoelectric device on the contralateral side. Patients were followed up on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 15 to rate the pain, swelling and trismus. Inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia was evaluated up to 12 months postoperatively.ResultsThe severity of the pain, trismus and swelling using the piezosurgery were significantly different from the rotary group. In both groups, pain was most intense and peaked during the first post-operative day, while swelling and trismus reached peak levels on the third postoperative day. The piezoelectric procedure resulted in a significantly longer procedural duration compared to the rotatory surgery (P < 0.001).ConclusionPiezoelectric surgery is considered a viable alternative technique compared to the conventional rotary systems and can improve a patient’s quality of life. Thus, piezoelectric surgery might be a preferred modality for patients undergoing complicated surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars.     

Exposure of natural rubber to personal lubricants – swelling and stress relaxation as potential indicators of reduced seal integrity of non-lubricated male condoms

Background

Male condoms act as mechanical barriers to prevent passage of body fluids. For effective use of condoms the mechanical seal is also expected to remain intact under reasonable use conditions, including with personal lubricants. Absorption of low molecular weight lubricant components into the material of male condoms may initiate material changes leading to swelling and stress relaxation of the polymer network chains that could affect performance of the sealing function of the device. Swelling indicates both a rubber-solvent interaction and stress relaxation, the latter of which may indicate and/or result in a reduced seal pressure in the current context.

Methods

Swelling and stress relaxation of natural rubber latex condoms were assessed in a laboratory model in the presence of silicone-, glycol-, and water-based lubricants.

Results

Within 15 minutes, significant swelling (≥ 6 %) and stress reduction (≥ 12 %) of condoms were observed with 2 out of 4 silicone-based lubricants tested, but neither was observed with glycol- or water-based lubricants tested. Under a given strain, reduction in stress was prominent during the swelling processes, but not after the process was complete.

Conclusions

Lubricant induced swelling and stress relaxation may loosen the circumferential stress responsible for the mechanical seal. Swelling and stress relaxation behavior of latex condoms in the presence of personal lubricants may be useful tests to identify lubricant-rooted changes in condom-materials.

Implication

For non-lubricated latex condoms, material characteristics – which are relevant to failure – may change in the presence of a few silicone-based personal lubricants. These changes may in turn induce a loss of condom seal during use, specifically at low strain conditions.     

中药辨证治疗妊娠肿胀100例

目的：探讨健脾补肾利水类中药治疗妊娠肿胀的疗效。方法：采用健脾补肾利水方（白术、熟地、黄芩、砂仁、桑寄生、杜仲、茯苓皮等）加减治疗。结果：总有效率98％。结论：该方从根本上调治，使胎安母健。