Efficacy and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) created using covered stents of different diameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to make a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the stent diameter (8 mm vs. 10 mm) that conveys better safety and clinical efficacy for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Materials and methodsFour databases were used to identify clinical trials published from inception until March 2020. Data were extracted to estimate and compare one-year and three-year overall survivals, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal rebleeding, and shunt dysfunction rates between patients with 8 mm covered stents and those with 10 mm covered stents.ResultsFive eligible studies were selected, which included 489 patients (316 men, 173 women). The 8 mm covered stent group had higher efficacy regarding one-year or three-year overall survival (odds ratio [OR], 2.88; P = 0.003) and (OR, 1.81; P = 0.04) and lower hepatic encephalopathy (OR, 0.69; P = 0.04) compared with 10 mm covered stent group. There were no significant differences in variceal rebleeding rate (OR 0.80; P = 0.67). However, shunt dysfunction was lower in 10 mm covered stent group (OR, 2.26; P = 0.003).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the use of 8 mm covered stents should be preferred to that of 10 mm covered stents for TIPS placement when portal pressure is frequently monitored.     

锁骨下动脉完全闭塞腔内治疗：附32例报告

目的：探讨锁骨下动脉完全闭塞腔内治疗的安全性及临床疗效。 方法：回顾2013年4月—2019年6月32例行腔内治疗的完全锁骨下动脉闭塞患者临床资料，分析患者的手术成功率、并发症及随访情况。 结果：分别采用经股动脉入路（17例）、肱动脉入路（1例）、股–肱联合入路（14例）对32例患者行腔内手术，最终成功植入支架26例（81.25%），包括球扩式支架15例，自膨式支架11例，术后患者症状明显缓解；6例患者闭塞处开通失败，行搭桥术或保守治疗。术中出现锁骨下动脉夹层2例，迷走反射1例，股动脉假性动脉瘤1例，未出现脑血管并发症。26例支架植入患者中，24例获随访（34.6±4.2）个月，术后1、3、5年支架累积通畅率分别为92.31%、80.77%、73.08%。 结论：腔内治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞安全有效，中远期通畅率较高；累及椎动脉的锁骨下动脉闭塞尽量选择自膨式支架。     

保持载瘤动脉通畅的椎动脉夹层动脉瘤治疗：附28例报告

目的:探讨保持载瘤动脉的椎动脉夹层动脉瘤治疗方法及效果。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月—2018年10月28例接受保持载瘤动脉通畅治疗的颅内椎动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果:28例患者中,未破裂12例,破裂16例,平均年龄(51.8±7.5)岁。28例患者手术技术成功率为100%。5例未破裂患者采用单纯2枚及2枚以上支架植入,术后即刻造影显示动脉瘤内造影剂滞留,随访造影发现动脉瘤消失或动脉瘤明显变小,Raymond分级Ⅰ级3例(3/5),Ⅱ级例2(3/5)。另外23例患者采用2枚重叠支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,术后即刻造影显示,动脉瘤Raymond分级Ⅰ级11(11/23)例,Raymond分级Ⅱ级5(5/23)例,Raymond分级Ⅲ级7(7/23)例,其中19例(19/23)获随访(14.5±7.9)个月。随访造影发现动脉瘤Raymond分级Ⅰ级16例(16/19),Raymond分级Ⅱ级3例(3/19),无Raymond分级Ⅲ级病例。16例破裂患者中,2例发生支架内血栓形成或术后穿支事件,给予溶栓治疗后消退。预后mRS评分≤2分27例(27/28),≥3分1例(1/28)。结论:保持载瘤动脉通畅,多支架或多支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞椎动脉夹层动脉瘤可以获得较好的临床结果。     

输尿管支架管结壳患者尿液菌群的分布特点

目的探讨输尿管支架管结壳患者尿液菌群的分布特点。方法选取2018年10月至2019年3月在山东省立第三医院、山东大学齐鲁医院、济南市中心医院和济南市济钢医院就诊的35例输尿管支架管置入术后患者。纳入标准:年龄18~65岁;输尿管镜碎石术后留置内支架管4周。排除标准:尿液细菌培养阳性;严重肉眼血尿;近期口服抗生素;存在明显残石患者。本研究采用横断面研究方法(临床研究注册号为ChiCTR1800020025),根据有无支架管结壳将患者分为结壳组23例和无结壳组12例。收集拔管当日患者尿液行细菌16s DNA检测。使用UPARSE、UCHIME和RDP calssifier等软件分析两组患者尿液菌群分布特点,明确两组患者尿液中细菌种类总数、细菌丰度,以及丰度占比较大的细菌类别,比较两组患者尿液细菌种类、数量及细菌丰度的差异,明确结壳组患者尿液中丰度占比较大的细菌菌属。结果两组患者的年龄、性别、体质指数、置管侧别、内支架管型号及结石成分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。16s DNA检测结果显示,结壳组丰度占比>1%的菌属数量为11个,丰度占比>0.01%的菌属数量为74个;无结壳组丰度占比>1%的菌属数量为7个,丰度占比>0.01%的菌属数量为11个,两组丰度占比>1%的菌属数量比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.12,P=0.000)。结壳组中菌属丰度占比前3位分别为乳杆菌属(23.1%)、拟杆菌属(18.8%)和未分级拟杆菌属(17.1%),非结壳组中菌属丰度占比前3位分别是为埃希菌-志贺菌属(32.2%)、肠球菌属(24.9%)和假单胞菌属(18.2%)。两组间差异最大的3种细菌是乳杆菌属(P=0.010),拟杆菌属(P=0.004)和未分级拟杆菌属(P=0.004)。结论支架管结壳患者尿液中细菌种类和数量都明显多于非支架管结壳患者。拟杆菌属细菌在支架管结壳患者尿液中的细菌种类丰度较大。     

Transcatheter ductus arteriosus stenting in paediatric cardiology: Indications,results and perspectives

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Duodenal stenting followed by systemic chemotherapy for patients with pancreatic cancer and gastric outlet obstruction

ObjectivesEndoscopic duodenal stenting has recently been proposed as a substitute for surgical gastrojejunostomy for the treatment of gastric outlet obstruction. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of duodenal stenting followed by systemic chemotherapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer with gastric outlet obstruction.MethodsThis was a single-center, retrospective cohort study, conducted at an academic medical center, of 71 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and gastric outlet obstruction (mean age: 67.6 years; range: 31–92 years) who underwent duodenal stenting with or without subsequent chemotherapy. Overall survival, duration of oral intake of foods, the rate of introduction of chemotherapy, progression-free survival, and adverse events were evaluated.ResultsStent placement was technically successful in 69 (97%) patients. Thirty-six (51%) patients were treated with chemotherapy: 17 with gemcitabine alone, 15 with S-1 alone, 3 with FOLFIRINOX, and 1 with paclitaxel. Median progression-free survival and overall survival after chemotherapy were 2.6 months (95% confidence interval: 1.3–3.9 months) and 4.7 months (95% confidence interval: 2.6–6.8 months), respectively. Cases of grade 3 anemia were frequently observed during chemotherapies following duodenal stenting (32%). Tumor stage, performance status, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and introduction of chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for survival (hazard ratios of 3.73, 2.21, 2.69, and 1.85 with p-values of <0.001, 0.010, <0.001, and 0.045, respectively).ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that endoscopic duodenal stenting is an advantageous treatment in advanced pancreatic cancer patients with gastric outlet obstruction regarding its safety and smooth conduction of subsequent chemotherapies.     

A Double-Layered Covered Biliary Metal Stent for the Management of Unresectable Malignant Biliary Obstruction: A Multicenter Feasibility Study

Background/AimsThe covered self-expandable metal stent (CMS) was developed to prevent tumor ingrowth-induced stent occlusion during the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction. However, complications such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and stent migration can occur after the endoscopic insertion of CMSs. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a double-layered CMS (DCMS) for the management of malignant bile duct obstruction.MethodsDCMSs were endoscopically introduced into 59 patients with unresectable malignant extrahepatic biliary obstruction at four tertiary referral centers, and the patient medical records were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsBoth the technical and functional success rates were 100%. Procedure-related complications including pancreatitis, cholangitis, stent migration, and liver abscess occurred in five patients (8.5%). The median follow-up period was 265 days (range, 31 to 752 days). Cumulative stent patency rates were 68.2% and 40.8% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. At the final follow-up, the rate of stent occlusion was 33.9% (20/59), and the median stent patency period was 276 days (range, 2 to 706 days).ConclusionsThe clinical outcomes of DCMSs were comparable to the outcomes previously reported for CMSs with respect to stent patency period and complication rates.     

颈动脉支架术后视网膜动脉栓塞1例

<正>患者男,74岁,因间歇头晕,下肢乏力1月余入院。既往高血压病史10年,慢性胃炎,右手震颤10年。入院体检:体温36.6℃,脉搏规则、85次/分,呼吸规则、19次/分,血压138mmHg/74mmHg,神志清,查体合作,双侧视力粗测正常,左侧颈部检查未闻及血管杂音,右侧颈部可闻及血管杂音。经颈动脉彩色多普勒超声和CTA提示颈动脉狭窄,欲接受颈动脉支架治疗。入院2天后接受主动脉弓+全脑血管造影示左     

经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术联合金属支架置入姑息性治疗恶性胆道梗阻的效果分析

目的:探讨经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTCD)基础上胆道内置入金属支架姑息性治疗恶性胆道梗阻的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月—2013年6月收治的经十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)支架植入失败后改行PTCD或PTCD联合胆道内金属支架置入的94例胆道恶性梗阻患者临床资料,其中,单纯行PTCD 45例(PTCD组),PTCD联合胆道内金属支架置入49例(PTCD+支架组),比较两组减黄效果、术后并发症及术后生存情况。结果:术后5 d,两组血清胆红素水平无统计学差异(P0.05),但术后7、14 d,PTCD+支架组血清胆红素水平明显低于PTCD组(P0.05);两组术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);PTCD+支架组术后1年的生存率优于PTCD组(χ2=6.280,P=0.012)。结论:PTCD基础上胆道内金属支架置入是恶性胆道梗阻患者ERCP失败后有效的姑息性治疗手段,且效果优于单独的PTCD。