改进Seldinger法经皮穿刺腹膜透析置管术在终末期肾病患者中的应用

目的:探讨改进Seldinger法经皮穿刺腹膜透析置管术在终末期肾病患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年12月~2020年12月于本院进行腹膜透析置管术的终末期肾病患者61例,随机分为观察组(31例)和对照组(30例),对照组患者采用常规开腹手术置管,观察组采用改进Seldinger法置管,比较两组患者完成置管手术的相关指标(手术时间、术后排气时间、切口长度、住院时间),术后3d、1个月患者并发症发生情况。结果:较对照组,观察组手术时间、术后排气时间均更短,腹部切口长度更短(P<0.05),两组患者住院时间比较(P>0.05),观察组穿刺成功率明显高于对照组(100.00%,80.00%,χ²=6.88,P=0.01)。较对照组,观察组患者术后3d并发症发生率明显低于对照组(22.58%,50.00%,χ²=4.97,P=0.03),观察组患者术后1个月并发症发生率明显低于对照组(19.35%,53.33%,χ²=7.05,P=0.01)。结论:对终末期肾病患者运用改进Seldinger法经皮穿刺腹膜透析置管术进行置管可有效缩短手术时间和术后排气时间,创口较小,患者术后早期、远期并发症较少,临床应用效果较好。     

Recommendations for prevention and management of COVID-19 in peritoneal dialysis patients

The World Health Organization characterized coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Peritoneal dialysis patients have a weakened immune system that is associated with a high morbidity of infection. Thus, COVID-19 prevention measures and management for patients on peritoneal dialysis are urgent and critical. Based on published research on COVID-19 and previous clinical practices for similar coronavirus outbreaks, we aimed to make recommendations to manage patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.     

Analysis of early mortality and related risk factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To analyze the early mortality and related risk factors of new hemodialysis patients in Zhejiang province, and provide basis for reducing the death risk of hemodialysis patients. Methods The early mortality and related factors of new hemodialysis patients from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed using the database of Zhejiang province hemodialysis registration. The early mortality was defined as death within 90 days of dialysis. Cox regression model was used to analyze the related risk factors of the early mortality in hemodialysis patients. Results The mortality was the highest in the first month after dialysis (46.40/100 person year), and gradually stabilized after three months. The early mortality was 25.33/100 person year. The mortality within 120 days and 360 days were 21.40/100 person year and 11.37/100 person year, respectively. The elderly (≥65 years old, HR=1.981, 95%CI 1.319-2.977, P＜0.001), primary tumor (HR=3.308, 95%CI 1.137-5.624, P=0.028), combined with tumors (not including the primary tumor, HR=2.327, 95%CI 1.200-4.513, P=0.012), temporary catheter (the initial dialysis pathway, HR=3.632, 95%CI 1.806-7.307, P＜0.001), lower albumin (＜30 g/L, HR=2.181, 95%CI 1.459-3.260, P＜0.001), lower hemoglobin (every 0.01 g/L increase, HR=0.861, 95%CI 0.793-0.935, P=0.001), lower high density lipoprotein (＜0.7 mmol/L, HR=1.796, 95%CI 1.068-3.019, P=0.027) and higher C reactive protein (≥40 mg/L, HR=1.889, 95%CI 1.185-3.012, P=0.008) were the risk factors of early death for hemodialysis patients. Conclusions The early mortality of hemodialysis patients is high after dialysis, and gradually stable after 3 months. The elderly, primary tumor, combined with tumors, the initial dialysis pathway, lower albumin, lower hemoglobin, lower high density lipoprotein and higher C reactive protein are the risk factors of early death for hemodialysis patients.     

Routine Laboratory Testing Every 4 Versus Every 6 Weeks for Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Quality Improvement Project

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AKI Treated with Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19

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Perceptions of Home Dialysis Training and Experience Among US Nephrology Fellows

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生物电阻抗矢量法评估血液透析合并高血压患者的容量负荷

目的应用生物电阻抗矢量法评估血液透析合并高血压患者的容量负荷,探讨高容量负荷状态对高血压患者预后的影响。方法研究对象来自南京医科大学附属明基医院透析前收缩压(6次透析治疗前平均收缩压值)>160 mmHg的血液透析患者。用生物电阻抗矢量法评估患者容量状态,并根据患者容量状态分为容量增加组和非容量增加组(包括容量正常和容量下降的患者)。比较两组患者临床资料、实验室指标、细胞内液比例(ICW)、细胞外液比例(ECW)、体细胞质量、瘦体重、干瘦体重及其占总体重的百分比、脂肪含量占总体重的百分比、阻抗/身高、容抗/身高、相位角、疾病指数的差异。采用Kaplan⁃Meier生存曲线比较两组患者生存率的差异。结果共51例血液透析合并高血压患者入选本研究,容量增加组19例,非容量增加组32例(容量正常27例,容量下降5例)。容量增加组患者的血白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白、血细胞比容、血磷较非容量增加组显著下降,淋巴细胞比例明显升高,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。容量增加组的细胞外液比例、疾病指数显著高于非容量增加组(均P<0.01);相位角、阻抗/身高、容抗/身高显著低于非容量增加组(均P<0.01)。临床追踪20个月,容量增加组患者血压达标率(透析前收缩压<160 mmHg)低于非容量增加组(26.3%比43.8%),但差异无统计学意义。容量增加组患者全因死亡率高于非容量增加组(26.3%比15.6%),Kaplan⁃Meier生存曲线分析提示两组生存率的差异尚无统计学意义。结论容量负荷增加的血液透析合并高血压患者细胞外液增加明显,营养状态评估指标较非容量增加的高血压患者明显下降,而淋巴细胞比例升高,可能与患者微炎症状态有关。容量负荷增加的高血压患者血压更加难以控制,临床预后可能不及非容量增加的患者。