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1.
Rationale: Myo-inositol is an isomer of glucose that is a precursor in the phosphatidylinositol (PIP) cycle, a source of two second
messengers: diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3). Clinical studies have reported that inositol is effective in relieving symptoms of depression. Objective: The present study examined the effects of inositol on two animal models of depression: the Porsolt forced swim test, a behaviorally
based model; and the reserpine-induced immobility model, a pharmacologically based model. Methods and results: Chronic inositol injections (daily for 14 days) of 1.2 g/kg (but not at lower doses) reduced immobility time and increased
struggle time in the Porsolt test compared with control animals. The same dose and treatment schedule also reduced complete
immobility time but did not affect ambulatory activity in the reserpine test compared with controls. Chronic oral treatment
with inositol (10% in food for 14 days) had effects similar to IP inositol in the Porsolt test. Conclusions: The effect of inositol in animal models of depression supports its possible importance as a new treatment for the disorder,
and permits research on its mechanisms of action.
Received: 31 August 1998 / Final version: 18 November 1998 相似文献
2.
Wolfgang Kehr Wolfgang Speckenbach 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1978,301(3):163-169
Summary The effect of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and lisuride on the synthesis of monoamines was evaluated in rat brain regions using an in vivo method in which the accumulation of dopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is measured after inhibition of the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase by means of 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine.LSD (50–1000 g/kg i.p.) caused a dose-dependent increase in dopa formation and a slight elevation of tyrosine and tryptophan concentrations in the intact rat forebrain; moreover, it reduced the accumulation of 5-HTP.The increase in dopa formation in the terminal system of the rat forebrain following an axotomy of the ascending monoaminergic fiber system was antagonized by LSD at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg i.p. Haloperidol (2 mg/kg i.p.) counteracted the effect of LSD.The increase in dopa formation in c. striatum and the dopamine-rich part of the limbic system following treatment with reserpine was antagonized by lisuride as well as by LSD. However, lisuride was at least 10 times as potent as LSD. In reserpinized animals LSD counteracted the inhibitory effect on dopa accumulation of the direct dopamine receptor stimulant apomorphine while lisuride did not. The data suggest that LSD is a weak agonist at dopamine receptors in vivo with partial receptor blocking properties at higher doses, while the action of lisuride on dopamine receptors is a potent, purely agonistic one.with technical assistance of Ruth NeumeisterPart of this paper has been presented at the Spring Meeting 1977 of the German Pharmacological Society at Mainz (Kehr, 1977b) 相似文献
3.
Żebrowska-Łupina I. Przegaliński E. Słoniec M. Kleinrok Z. 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1977,297(3):227-231
Summary The -adrenergic agonist, clonidine, causes sedation in normal rats. The present study demonstrates that clonidine evokes strong locomotor stimulation in rats pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine plus reserpine. Similar, but less intensive hyperactivity is observed in rats given clonidine after combined pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine plus p-chlorophenylalanine plus -methyl-p-tyrosine, or with reserpine plus low doses of yohimbine. The -adrenolytic drugs, phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine and aceperone, as well as high doses of yohimbine, antagonise the clonidine-induced locomotor stimulation; in contrast, the dopamine receptor blocking agents, pimozide and spiroperidol, exert no antagonistic effect. The results indicate that in the brain of normal animals, clonidine predominantly activates presynaptic -adrenoceptors on noradrenergic neurones and thereby induces sedation. After destruction of the noradrenergic fibres by 6-hydroxydopamine plus reserpine, activation of postsynaptic -adrenoceptors prevails so that hyperactivity results.This study was supported by Polish Academy of Sciences (10.4). Preliminary accounts were presented at the Pharmacology Meeting, Hannover, September 14–17, 1976 and at the 1 st Joint Symposium of Hungarian and Polish Pharmacological Societies, Zakopane, October, 13–15, 1976 相似文献
4.
Summary Pretreatment of rats with dexamethasone (2.5 mol/kg, a dose which blocks the release of ACTH from the pituitary gland) abolished the reserpine-mediated increase in cAMP and the increase in the cAMP/cGMP ratio in the adrenal medulla. In contrast, the reserpine-mediated induction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) remained unchanged. Hypophysectomy had a similar effect to dexamethasone treatment. Since changes in cAMP and changes in the cAMP/cGMP ratio are not indispensible prerequisites for the subsequent induction of TH, a causal relationship between the two phenomena seems to be excluded. 相似文献
5.
The effects of reserpine and L-Dopa on basal ganglia evoked potentials were investigated in cats. The caudate response resulting from substantia nigra stimulation and the substantia nigra response elicited by globus pallidus stimulation were increased at several hours after the systemic administration of reserpine. L-Dopa in the presence of dopa decarboxylase inhibition (MK-486) depressed these responses and reversed the effect of reserpine at 0.5 h after administration. Reserpine did not reverse the L-Dopa effect. Reserpine and L-Dopa caused no significant change in responses between other basal ganglia structures. These data give evidence that the basal ganglia are major sites for reserpine and L-Dopa action. 相似文献
6.
7.
This study measured the activities of L-DOPA and 5-HTP decarboxylase (DDC and 5-HTPDC) in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum of reserpine-treated rats. Acute injection of the NMDA receptor antagonists CGP 40116 (5 mg/kg) and HA 966 (5 mg/kg), and to a lesser extent eliprodil (10 mg/kg), greatly elevated DDC in both structures, whilst having no effect on (nigra) or inhibiting (striatum) 5-HTPDC. L-DOPA (25 mg/kg) on its own inhibited both enzymes in either brain region. The weak NMDA receptor-channel blockers (and antiparkinsonian drugs) budipine (10 mg/kg), memantine (40 mg/kg) and amantadine (40 mg/kg) strongly increased DDC, whilst not affecting or decreasing 5-HTPDC activity in nigra and striatum. The L-DOPA-induced suppression of DDC was mostly reversed by all three antiparkinsonian drugs, whilst L-DOPA-induced inhibition of 5-HTPDC was only reversed by CGP 40116 (striatum only). It is concluded that glutamate exerts a differential physiological influence on the biosynthesis of dopamine and 5-HT in the brain, by tonically suppressing DDC and tonically stimulating 5-HTPDC. The L-DOPA-induced reduction in DDC may help to explain the eventual loss of efficacy of L-DOPA therapy in parkinsonian patients. It is suggested, however, that it may be possible to extend the lifetime of L-DOPA therapy with drugs which potentiate the activity of DDC, such as budipine and the 1-aminoadamantanes. 相似文献
8.
复方利血平片中盐酸异丙嗪的含量测定及含量均匀度考察 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的建立测定复方利血平片中盐酸异丙嗪含量的高效液相色谱法。方法采用AgilentTCC18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.3%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液-磷酸(60:40:0.02.用三乙胺调pH至3.3)为流动相,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为250nm。结果盐酸异丙嗪进样量在0.504~1.176μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.9999(n=5),平均回收率为98.71%,RSD=0.80%(n=9)。结论该法适用于复方利血平片中盐酸异丙嗪的含量测定。 相似文献
9.
地肤子对小鼠胃排空的抑制作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:观察地肤子及其代用品醇提物对小鼠胃排空的影响,研究地肤子抑制胃排空的有效部位及其作用机制。方法:小鼠灌胃给予酚红溶液,30min后处死,以比色法测定胃中酚红残留量,计算胃排空百分率。结果:地肤子和扫帚菜醇提物100,300mg/kg显著抑制小鼠胃排空,两者作用强度相近,藜及小藜醇提物无明显作用;地肤子的正丁醇部位及乙酸乙酯部位50mg/kg抑制小鼠胃排空,水相无明显作用。石油醚相50mg/kg则促进胃排空;乙醇、利血平及吲哚美辛预处理减弱地肤子正丁醇部位的作用,而阿托品预处理则增强其作用。结论:地肤子醇提物抑制小鼠胃排空,代用品扫帚菜的作用与其相近,地肤子的主要有效成分可能为皂苷,其作用与中枢神经系统、儿茶酚胺、内源性前列腺素及胆碱能神经系统有关。 相似文献
10.
利血平与优降宁对动物痛阈和吗啡镇痛作用影响因素探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用三种测痛方法,观察了利血平、优降宁对小鼠、大鼠正常痛阈和吗啡镇痛作用的影响,结果表明:ip利血平2 mg/kg,优降宁100 mg/kg均能明显抑制小鼠扭体反应;ip利血平1 mg/kg能明显提高小鼠热板反应时间,但ip优降宁75 mg/kg无明显影响;ip利血平6 mg/kg,优降宁75 mg/kg对大鼠甩尾反应时间均无明显影响;利血平(小鼠0.5~1.0 mg/kg,大鼠2 mg/kg ip)能明显对抗吗啡镇痛作用;优降宁(小鼠35 mg/kg,大鼠50 mg/kg ip)能明显增强吗啡镇痛作用,并能“逆转”利血平对抗吗啡镇痛作用。其“逆转”作用的强弱取决于利血平、优降宁给药的先后次序。 相似文献