无国界医生在救援中备灾的重要性

无国界医生致力于应对天灾和战祸所引起的人道医疗危机。灾后实时爆发的人道医疗危机包括急性的外科创伤问题和基础医疗系统的破坏导致疫症发生。本文介绍了无国界医生的救援经验以及专业的备灾体系。     

急性重度有机磷中毒24例救治体会

目的 探讨重度有机磷中毒患者的救治方法，提高救治率。方法 分析ICU24例急性重度有机磷中毒患者的救治情况。结果 抢救成功19例(79％)，5例死亡(21％)，结论 死亡患者与阿托品化、氯磷定重复使用不够有关。认为及时、反复、彻底、正确洗胃，突击、堆持，逐步解除阿托品化，氯磷定等足量重复使用尤为重要。     

Efficacy and safety of high-dose esomeprazole–amoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori rescue treatment: a multicenter,prospective, randomized,controlled trial

Background:High-dose dual therapy (HDDT) with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and amoxicillin has attracted widespread attention due to its favorable efficacy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of high-dose PPI–amoxicillin dual therapy and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for H. pylori rescue treatment.Methods:This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, non-inferiority trial. Patients recruited from eight centers who had failed previous treatment were randomly (1:1) allocated to two eradication groups: HDDT (esomeprazole 40 mg and amoxicillin 1000 mg three times daily; the HDDT group) and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (esomeprazole 40 mg, bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg, and furazolidone 100 mg twice daily, combined with tetracycline 500 mg three times daily; the tetracycline, furazolidone, esomeprazole, and bismuth [TFEB] group) for 14 days. The primary endpoint was the H. pylori eradication rate. The secondary endpoints were adverse effects, symptom improvement rates, and patient compliance.Results:A total of 658 patients who met the criteria were enrolled in this study. The HDDT group achieved eradication rates of 75.4% (248/329), 81.0% (248/306), and 81.3% (248/305) asdetermined by the intention-to-treat (ITT), modified intention-to-treat (MITT), and per-protocol (PP) analyses, respectively. The eradication rates were similar to those in the TFEB group: 78.1% (257/329), 84.2% (257/305), and 85.1% (257/302). The lower 95% confidence interval boundary (−9.19% in the ITT analysis, − 9.21% in the MITT analysis, and −9.73% in the PP analysis) was greater than the predefined non-inferiority margin of −10%, establishing a non-inferiority of the HDDT group vs. the TFEB group. The incidence of adverse events in the HDDT group was significantly lower than that in the TFEB group (11.1% vs. 26.8%, P < 0.001). Symptom improvement rates and patients’ compliance were similar between the two groups.Conclusions:Fourteen-day HDDT is non-inferior to bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, with fewer adverse effects and good treatment compliance, suggesting HDDT as an alternative for H. pylori rescue treatment in the local region.Trial registration:Clinicaltrials.gov, {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04678492","term_id":"NCT04678492"}}NCT04678492.     

一起用解磷啶抢救野八角茴籽中毒病人的探讨

目的为寻求抢救“野八角茴籽”中毒危重病人的特效药物。方法调查6例“野八角茴籽”中毒症状主要表现为抽搐、牙关紧闭、瞳孔缩小、口吐白沫、全身发冷、恶心、呕吐、腹胀、腹痛、烦躁、乏力、昏迷等症状。全血胆碱脂酶下降40%—70%,与有机磷中毒症状基本相似,临床无特效抢救药物,为了抢救病人,我们大胆提出用解磷啶救治野八角茴籽中毒病人的救治方案。结果用药8小时后病人开始清醒,用药21小时后病人可以下床走动,4天后痊愈,观察3天无异常后出院。结论用解磷啶挽救了6例野生八角茴籽中毒的危重病人,为今后临床用药提供了新的参考依据。     

含左氧氟沙星的四联疗法与常规四联疗法补救治疗幽门螺杆菌感染疗效的Meta分析

目的评价含左氧氟沙星的四联疗法与常规四联疗法相比,补救治疗幽门螺杆菌感染的疗效与安全性。方法以"左氧氟沙星OR氧氟沙星OR喹诺酮"、"幽门螺杆菌OR Hp"、"补救治疗"为关键词检索万方数字化期刊全文数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、维普中文期刊数据库、中国生物医学文献库,结合检索论文中的参考文献查询相关文献,文献检索至2012年6月。纳入含左氧氟沙星的四联疗法与常规四联疗法相比较的随机对照试验。统计学处理采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.1软件。结果检索到符合条件的文献5篇,其中2项研究的方法学质量等级为B级,3项研究的质量为C级。共纳入432例患者,左氧氟沙星组221例,常规疗法组211例。对纳入研究进行Meta分析显示,无论按ITT分析还是按PP分析,含左氧氟沙星四联疗法的Hp根除率均高于常规四联疗法(P<0.000 1)。两组均未发生严重的不良反应。结论含左氧氟沙星的四联疗法补救治疗Hp优于常规四联疗法,且前者不良反应率较低。然而,研究所纳入试验的方法学质量均较低,临床试验和病例数太少,尚不能对其疗效得出可靠的结论。     

优质护理对急性心肌梗死患者的临床疗效观察

目的评估优质护理对急性心肌梗死临床疗效的影响。方法选择2014年1月-2015年8月我院收治的100例急性心肌梗死患者,实施优质护理,分析患者溶栓效果,从就诊到静脉溶栓的时间、患者死亡率、并发症的发生率和患者满意度几方面进行评估。出院后对患者进行12个月的随访,记录患者的恢复情况,并发症和死亡率。结果患者溶栓再通率为91%,从就诊到静脉溶栓的平均时间为(51.3±16.9)min。治疗过程中,无死亡病例,2例患者出现牙龈出血,1例患者出现上消化道出血,经对症治疗后均好转,其余患者未出现严重并发症。整个治疗过程中患者积极配合,依从性高,患者满意度达100%。12个月随访期间,患者心绞痛未复发。1例发生充血性心力衰竭,经治疗后好转,其余患者恢复良好。结论优质护理有利于提高急性心肌梗死患者的治疗效果和预后,降低死亡率和并发症发生率,提高患者满意度。     

一例气管切开患者拔管后并发气道塌陷的抢救护理

气管切开术是临床急救和维持呼吸功能的重要措施之一，同时也是一种创伤性操作，在成功为危重患者提供生命支持后，长期的呼吸机辅助通气，由于气管套管的气囊压迫气管壁时间过久，管壁会发生缺血性坏死或者慢性炎症而局部液化，导致气管软化，可能会发生气管套管拔出后气道塌陷的危急情况，造成通气受阻，甚至引起窒息。     

地震救援中实施远程医疗服务:把最好的医学专家送到灾区人民身边

目的和方法 总结解放军总医院远程医疗会诊系统在2013年“4·20”四川芦山地震救援中发挥其远程医疗服务的经验,探讨远程医疗会诊系统在灾难救援中的作用.结果和结论 在2013年4月20日四川芦山地震后,解放军总医院专家医疗队及时将无线便携式远程医疗会诊系统发送至地震灾区伤员集合点医院,第一时间组织开通面向灾区服务的远程医疗会诊系统,与位于地震灾区的多家医院及地震救援队救护车远程医疗系统联通,提供24h包括急诊和危重症救治、骨科、脑外科、肝胆外科、妇产科等相关专业的远程救援服务,对地震伤员的抢救提出了诊断和救治意见,形成了救灾现场专家与后方专家的良性互动,使灾区专家医疗队的救治能力倍增.解放军总医院在芦山地震中共进行远程医疗会诊110余例,在对灾难现场的受伤人员进行有效的紧急救治中实现了实时高清会诊和现场手术指导,并在业务层面实现了多媒体通信系统与医院医疗信息系统的对接,在功能层面实现了各联盟医院的视频、音频和数据以及医疗业务的互联互通,为我国在灾难救援中实施远程医疗抢救提供了可借鉴的经验.     

Pain,health perception and sleep: impact on the quality of life of firefighters/rescue professionals

Objective:

to evaluate the quality of life of firefighters and rescue professionals, and characterize their socio-demographic, health, work and lifestyle profile.

Methods:

cross-sectional study that used a socio-demographic, lifestyle, health, work data questionnaire and the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life aspects, in Fire Department bases, Civil Air Patrol Group of the Military Police and Rescue Group of Emergency Services.

Results:

ninety professionals participated in this study - 71 firefighters, 9 nurses, 7 doctors and 3 flight crew members. The average age of the group was 36.4 ± 7.8 years; they worked about 63.7 hours per week; 20.2% reported pain in the last week and 72.7% had body mass index above 25 kg/m2. The average of the WHOQOL-BREF domains was: physical (74.6), psychological (75.2), social (76.5) and environmental (58.7). Significant association was found (Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation) between the WHOQOL-BREF domains and pain in the past six months, in the last week, health perception, job satisfaction, hours of sleep, domestic tasks and study.

Conclusion:

the main factors related to quality of life were presence of pain, health perception, sleep and domestic activity.