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《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(12):1533-1545
IntroductionWe examined the influence of enrollment factors demonstrated to differ by race on incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia using Alzheimer's Disease Center data.MethodsDifferences in rates of incident impairment between non-Latino Whites and Blacks (n = 12,242) were examined with age-at-progression survival models. Models included race, sex, education, source of recruitment, health factors, and family history of dementia.ResultsNo significant race differences in progression were observed in cognitively unimpaired participants. In those with mild cognitive impairment at baseline, Whites evidenced greater risk for progression than Blacks. Enrollment factors, for example, referral source, were significantly related to progression.DiscussionThe finding that Blacks demonstrated lower rate of progression than Whites is contrary to the extant literature. Nested-regression analyses suggested that selection-related factors, differing by race, may account for these findings and influence our ability to accurately estimate risk for progression. It is potentially problematic to make racial comparisons using Alzheimer's Disease Center data sets.  相似文献   
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BackgroundRecruitment of participants is crucial to the success of any trial as it can have a major impact on study costs, the duration of the study itself, and, more critically, trial failure. Given that vulvodynia particularly affects young women, the use of social media and e-recruitment could prove efficient for enrollment.AimTo compare the efficiency, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of three different recruitment methods.MethodsThe comparison data were collected as part of a bicentric randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of physiotherapy in comparison with topical lidocaine in 212 women suffering from provoked vestibulodynia. The recruitment methods included: (i) conventional methods (eg, posters, leaflets, business cards, newspaper ads); (ii) health professional referrals, and (iii) e-recruitment (eg, Facebook ads and web initiatives). Women interested in participating were screened by telephone for eligibility criteria and were assessed by a gynecologist to confirm their diagnosis. Once included, structured interviews were undertaken to describe their baseline characteristics.Main Outcome MeasuresThe outcomes of this study were the recruitment efficiency (the number of patients screened/enrolled), recruitment effectiveness (the number of participants enrolled), cost-effectiveness (cost per enrolled participant), and retention rate, and baseline characteristics of participants were monitored for each method.ResultsThe conventional methods (n = 101, 48%) were more effective as they allowed for greater enrollment of participants, followed by e-recruitment (n = 60, 28%) and health professional referrals (n = 33, 16%) (P < 0.007). Recruitment efficiency was found to be similar for e-recruitment and referrals (60/122 and 33/67, 49%, P = 0.055) but lower for conventional methods (101/314, 32%, P < 0.011). Nonsignificant differences were found between the three groups for baseline characteristics (P ≥ 0.189) and retention rate (91%, P ≥ 0.588). The average cost per enrolled participant was fairly similar for e-recruitment ($117) and conventional methods ($110) and lower for referrals ($60).Clinical ImplicationsOur results suggest that having a variety of recruitment methods is beneficial in promoting clinical trial recruitment without affecting participant characteristics and retention rates.Strength & LimitationsAlthough recruitment methods were used concomitantly, this study gives an excellent insight into the advantages and limitations of recruitment methods owing to a large sample size.ConclusionThe study findings revealed that e-recruitment is a valuable recruitment method because of its comparable efficiency and cost-effectiveness to health professional referrals and conventional methods, respectively.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01455350.Benoit-Piau J, Dumoulin C, Carroll MS, et al. Efficiency and Cost: E-Recruitment Is a Promising Method in Gynecological Trials. J Sex Med 2020;17:1304–1311.  相似文献   
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BackgroundAustralia is facing a severe shortage of Enrolled Nurses. Jurisdictions have introduced strategies in attempts to recruit and retain Enrolled Nurses in the health workforce.AimTo explore factors impacting recruitment and retention of Enrolled Nurses.MethodsA systematic search of literature published in the English language from 2000 to 2018 that addressed the recruitment or retention of aspiring and current Enrolled Nurses (or global equivalents). The search yielded 6955 publications; 20 articles were retained for full-text review and eleven articles were included in the final review.FindingsThree major themes (Nursing work and the EN role, Educational structure and support, and Personal attributes) were identified that covered enablers and barriers to the recruitment of Diploma of Nursing students and Enrolled Nurses. Evidence of the efficacy of programs designed to integrate and retain Enrolled Nurses in the health workforce is scant. Enrolled Nurses viewed participation in a Transition to Practice Program as an integral step in the pathway to becoming a registered nurse.DiscussionContinued debate around scope of practice is contributing to organisational and collegial confusion and discriminatory practices with negative consequences for the recruitment and retention of Enrolled Nurses.ConclusionThe value of Enrolled Nurse Transition to Practice Programs for recruitment and retention is questionable. Greater recognition of Enrolled Nurses’ contributions to patient care is essential and could provide Assistants in Nursing with a career opportunity.  相似文献   
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主动脉夹层是严重危害人类健康的急危重症,患者术后急性呼吸功能不全相关的病死率较高。该文主要对A型主动脉夹层患者术后急性呼吸功能不全的护理干预策略进行综述,为医护人员对该类人群进行有效的干预提供借鉴与参考。  相似文献   
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【摘要】 目的 分析镇江市不同方式招募的男男同性性行为人群(MSM)的HIV感染高危性行为差异,为艾滋病的精准防控提供数据支持。方法 2020年4 - 6月通过疾病预防控制中心(CDC)自愿咨询检测(VCT)门诊和社区组织(CBO)两种方式在镇江范围内招募MSM人群作为研究对象,采用统一调查问卷收集目标人群的一般人口学特征、药物滥用、HIV检测史和高危性行为等信息。卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法检验分析不同途径招募的MSM人群之间相关特征的差异。结果 两种方式共招募641例MSM,其中CBO招募442例占68.95%,CDC招募199例占31.05%;CBO招募的MSM中,20岁以下占比(6.56%)显著高于CDC招募方式(1.01%,χ2 = 9.20,P = 0.002);CDC 招募的MSM人群使用卫生专业机构和新型网络媒体接受毒品潜在危害信息宣教的比例分别为7.54% (15例)和16.58%(33例),均显著高于CBO组[3.39%(15例),χ2 = 5.28,P = 0.022;9.50%(42例),χ2 = 6.66,P = 0.010]。CBO招募的MSM群交性行为发生率为25.21%(30例),与女性发生无保护性行为的比例为47.51%(210例),均显著高于CDC招募组[7.50%(6例),χ2 = 10.13,P = 0.001;27.64%(55例),χ2 = 22.35,P < 0.001],而CBO招募者中异性恋的比例(2.04%,9例)、不清楚性伴HIV感染状态的比例(22.40%,99例)、无保护肛交性行为发生率(39.82%,176例)均显著低于CDC招募的MSM人群[6.53%(13例),χ2 = 8.37,P = 0.004; 39.70%(79例),χ2 = 20.48,P < 0.001;57.29%(114例),χ2 = 16.90,P < 0.001]。 CBO招募的MSM曾经做过HIV检测的比例为74.43%(329例),最近1次HIV检测途径为CDC的比例为23.10%(76例),HIV感染率为5.20%(23例),均显著低于CDC组[80.90%(161例),χ2 = 3.19,P = 0.074;57.14%(92例),χ2 = 99.41,P < 0.001;13.07%(26例),χ2 = 21.85,P < 0.001]。结论 通过CBO和CDC两种方式招募的MSM人群在人口学、行为学上互补,具有一般MSM人群的代表性,应根据人群的不同特点制定艾滋病具体防控措施。  相似文献   
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