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1.
Backgroundand purpose: Stress and burnout among healthcare workers are significant public health concerns. The primary aim of this pilot study was to conduct preliminary assessments of safety, feasibility, and participant satisfaction with a psychotherapy incorporating equines (PIE)-based resiliency intervention for healthcare workers. The overarching goal was to lay the groundwork for future, more rigorous investigations. Lastly, a very preliminary assessment of using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQII) to assess for changes in psychological flexibility (PF) associated with PIE was conducted.Materials and methodsThirty-seven staff members from a medical center participated in a 4-h PIE-based resiliency retreat. Pre- and post-intervention instruments were utilized to assess participants’ self-perception of physical and psychological health (PROMIS Global Short Form) and enjoyment of (Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale) and satisfaction with (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire) the intervention, as well as changes in PF (AAQII).ResultsThere were no adverse effects on participants, staff, or equines. Preliminary results suggested that the intervention was perceived as enjoyable by participants. However, the intervention was not fully utilized. Finally, there was a significant (p = 0.02) pre-to post-intervention change in AAQII scores.ConclusionThis study provides a foundation for future rigorous studies of PIE-based resiliency interventions for medical staff. Given the limitations of this pilot work, firm conclusions cannot be drawn regarding safety and feasibility. However, the preliminary results suggest that future studies of this intervention are warranted and that the AAQII may be a useful instrument to assess for possible changes in PF.  相似文献   
2.
《L'Encéphale》2019,45(6):513-521
ObjectivesThe current study aims to identify the factors associated with the use of psychotherapy among adults with a history of suicide attempt.MethodsA large cross-sectional survey (N = 22,138) was conducted in four regions of France to characterize mental health care needs in the general population. Data were collected between April and June 2005 by trained interviewers using a computer-assisted telephone interviewing system (CATI). Sociodemographics, past-year mental disorders, lifetime and 12-month history of suicide attempts, and use of psychotherapy were assessed.ResultsOverall, 7.1% of adults reported having undergone psychotherapy in the course of their life, and 2.0% in the previous 12 months. While 8.3% of adults with a lifetime suicide attempt (prior to the previous 12 months) underwent a psychotherapy in the previous 12 months, 27.5% of adults with a past-year suicide attempt underwent a psychotherapy in the previous 12 months. Psychotherapy was provided by psychiatrists (49.5%), psychologists (28.2%), and psychoanalysts (10.6%). While the frequency of psychotherapy sessions was greater among those with a prior attempt as compared to those with no prior attempt [Chi2 (10) = 21.35, P = .019], there was no difference in therapy duration [Chi2 (8) = 6.71, P = .568]. Compared to adults who did not report a prior attempt, those with a prior suicide attempt were 3,3 more likely to undergo psychotherapy with a psychologist [AOR = 3.31 (2.54–4.31)]. Among adults with a prior suicide attempt, increased odds of undergoing a psychotherapy in the course of their life was predicted by higher education [AOR = 2.81 (1.56–5.06)], living in the Paris region [AOR = 2.06 (1.32–3.23)], and being a woman [AOR = 1.50 (1.08–2.09)]. Increased odds of undergoing a psychotherapy in the previous 12 months was predicted by a major depressive disorder [AOR = 2.59 (1.57–4.27)], any anxiety disorder [AOR = 1.79 (1.07–2.97)], higher education [AOR = 3.60 (1.29–10.0)], living in a city of 20,000 to 100,000 inhabitants [AOR = 2.71 (1.13–6.50)] and more [AOR = 2.50 (1.12–5.57)] (outside of the Paris region), a 2000 to 3000 euros monthly income [AOR = 2.37 (1.15–4.85)].DiscussionOne third of adults with a lifetime suicide attempt and close to half of those with a past-year attempt have received some form of psychotherapy in the course of their life. In line with prior work, higher education and income level predicted past-year use of psychotherapy among adults with a prior suicide attempt. These findings highlight the association between major depressive disorder or anxiety disorders and increased odds of undergoing psychotherapy in the previous 12 months among adults with prior attempt. While pharmacological treatment, inpatient hospitalizations for mental health problems, visits with a general practitioner or specialized physician are free of charge in France, psychotherapy provided by psychologists or psychotherapists is currently not covered by the French Social Security health care system. As the treatment of mental disorders plays an important role in the reduction of suicide risk, supporting evidence-based psychotherapy through its reimbursement appears to be an important public health issue.  相似文献   
3.
失眠症的正念疗法(MBT-I)通过培育正念的习惯(初学者心态、不执着、放下、非评判、接纳、信任和耐心)、正念减压练习(关注呼吸、坐姿冥想、身体扫描、正念行走以及瑜伽等)及调整痛苦情绪的认知策略来减轻睡眠失调,并将失眠症的认知行为治疗(CBT-I)中刺激控制、睡眠限制及睡眠卫生的元素置于正念减压的框架内实施。MBT-I以团体体验形式进行,每周1次每次2 h,连续8周,有助于减少躯体疾病或心理问题对睡眠的负面影响;训练注意力控制,减少过度焦灼;降低睡眠相关过度觉醒,增强对情绪的调控能力;接纳当下的体验,而不是评判;减少对失眠的担忧,不过度努力入睡。  相似文献   
4.
儿童及青少年是生命历程的关键阶段,许多有助于确定当前和未来健康结果的行为模式在此间得以确立,儿童及青少年精神卫生保健至关重要。儿童及青少年失眠受青春期生理发育、学校及家庭等社会环境、心理行为等多种因素影响,囊括了入睡困难、睡眠时间不足、睡眠质量差和日间困倦等一系列症状,明显影响其精神状态和生活学习质量。儿童及青少年失眠的治疗方法以睡眠卫生教育、认知行为治疗和正念冥想等综合治疗为主。笔者从失眠的相关成因、症状和治疗方法3个方面对儿童及青少年失眠作一综述,为其临床诊疗提供参考。  相似文献   
5.
中风后抑郁症(PSD)是中风患者常见的并发症之一,患者精神神智受到一定程度的损害,并且严重影响着患者的治疗。以PSD患者作为研究对象,分别从中、西医角度探讨其病因病机及治疗方法。查阅近10年中医学与现代医学有关PSD的相关文献,归纳病因病机及中西医治疗现状,分析结果表明中西医治疗PSD方法较多,且均有不同程度的疗效。目前临床上无论是中医学的治疗方法还是现代医学的治疗方案,均可以改善患者的抑郁程度,利于患者神经功能的恢复及日常生活能力的提高。  相似文献   
6.
The team of therapists who gathered around Henry Collomb at the Fann Hospital of Dakar in the sixties has noticed the particularities of the African psychiatry with a noticeable predominance of delirious puffs on the other pathologies. In the eighties, Maurice Dorès drew attention to the evolution of this situation marked by a notable reduction of the delirious puffs in favor of hysterical psychosis and other symptomatologies. This text accounts for the psychotherapeutics of patients who come to consult a psychologist in urban area and currently the most frequent motivations of this approach.  相似文献   
7.
BackgroundDepression is the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidity among stroke individuals. Despite the effectiveness of antidepressants and psychotherapy, data on the use of these treatments among stroke survivors is limited.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to document prevalence of antidepressant use, types of antidepressants utilized, and adherence to antidepressants among stroke individuals.MethodsRetrospective, cross-sectional data obtained from the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS), for the years 2011, 2013 and 2015, was utilized for this study. Treatment for depression was categorized into three mutually exclusive categories: 1) antidepressants only, 2) antidepressants and psychotherapy (combination), and 3) No treatment. Adherence to antidepressants was measured using the Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) ratio. Adherence between antidepressant only and combination therapy group was compared using Student's t-test. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to further examine the association between patient characteristics and likelihood of receiving depression treatment.ResultsA total of 759 stroke individuals with comorbid depression were identified. Of these, 51.2% utilized only antidepressants, 12.6% utilized a combination treatment of antidepressants and psychotherapy and 31.7% did not receive treatment for depression. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI's) was the most commonly used antidepressants in the stroke population. Males (P = 0.04), age group of 40–64 years (P < 0.001), and African Americans (P = 0.02) constituted for the highest proportions of untreated stroke survivors. Among treated stroke individuals, adherence was higher for combination therapy users compared to those using antidepressants only (mean PDC = 65.8 ± 6.89 and 57.6 ± 3.74, respectively).ConclusionAlmost 70% of stroke individuals received some form of treatment for depression and several patient-related factors (gender, age, race, marital status, and comorbidity burden) were associated with the utilization of depression treatment. Future researchers need to investigate the factors responsible for lack of depression treatment in stroke individuals and policy makers should aim for a more patient centered care.  相似文献   
8.
ObjectiveDementia prevalence in Latin America (LATAM) is rapidly increasing, contributing to significant family burden. As families are responsible for care, supportive interventions are critical. To understand the state-of-the-science, a scoping review was conducted of non-pharmacologic interventions for caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD) in LATAM.DesignEight databases were searched (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs, Redalyc, Google Scholar) for nonpharmacological intervention studies published up to July, 2021 in LATAM reporting at least 1 caregiver outcome. A qualitative synthesis examined study designs, participants, and outcomes characteristics.ResultsForty-five studies were identified from 25.8% (n = 8/31) of LATAM countries (28 = Brazil, 4 = Chile, 4 = Cuba, 4 = México, 2 = Colombia, 1 = Perú, 1 = Ecuador, 1 = Argentina): 29% (n = 17) were randomized clinical trials (RCT), 7% (n = 3) nonrandomized comparison trials, 42% (n = 19) pre-post trials, 9% (n = 4) postintervention analyses, and 4% (n = 2) single case studies, comprising a total of 1,171 caregivers and 817 PLWD. For 20 RCT and nonrandomized comparison trials, 31 interventions were tested of which 48.4% (n = 15) targeted caregivers and 32.3% (n = 10) dyads. Most studies involved daughters with less than 12 years of education and tested multicomponent interventions involving disease education (90%), and cognitive behavioral coping (45%). Half of interventions (51.6%; n = 16/31) tested were adapted from other countries, and reported benefits for caregiver depression, quality of life, and burden.ConclusionStudies were conducted in a limited number of LATAM countries and few were RCTs. Results of RCTs showed benefits for socially vulnerable caregivers on psychosocial outcomes. There is an urgent need to rigorously evaluate more country/culturally specific interventions addressing unmet familial needs beyond psychosocial support.  相似文献   
9.
Despite evidence for effective integrated behavior therapy for treating comorbid obesity and depression, treatment response is highly variable and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unknown. This hampers efforts to identify mechanistic targets in order to optimize treatment precision and potency. Funded within the NIH Science of Behavior Change (SOBC) Research Network, the 2-phased ENGAGE research project applies an experimental precision medicine approach to address this gap. The Phase 1 study focused on demonstrating technical feasibility, target engagement and potential neural mechanisms of responses to an integrated behavior therapy. This therapy combines a video-based behavioral weight loss program and problem-solving therapy for depression, with as-needed intensification of antidepressant medications, and its clinical effectiveness was demonstrated within a parent randomized clinical trial. Here, we describe the ENGAGE Phase 2 (ENGAGE-2) study protocol which builds on Phase 1 in 2 ways: (1) pilot testing of an motivational interviewing-enhanced, integrated behavior therapy in an independent, primarily minority patient sample, and (2) evaluation of a priori defined neural targets, specifically the negative affect (threat and sadness) circuits which demonstrated engagement and malleability in Phase 1, as mediators of therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, the Phase 2 study includes a conceptual and methodological extension to explore the role of microbiome-gut-brain and systemic immunological pathways in integrated behavioral treatment of obesity and depression. This protocol paper documents the conceptualization, design and the transdisciplinary methodologies in ENGAGE-2, which can inform future clinical and translational research in experimental precision medicine for behavior change and chronic disease management.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT 03,841,682.  相似文献   
10.
1病例简介阿晴,女,大二医学生。大一开始对体质量很关注,介意别人对于自己身材(胖或瘦)的评价。近3个月出现贪食,当自己觉得没吃好或者吃的不满意时,控制不住再吃东西,直至吃到满意、实在受不了为止,贪食行为一般多发生在中餐及晚餐后,每天出现1~2次。2背景宿舍同学都非常瘦,还整天嚷嚷着要减肥。舍友要减肥的话很刺激阿晴。阿晴觉得自己特别胖,并开始关  相似文献   
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