Sporotrichosis refractory to conventional treatment: therapeutic success with potassium iodide

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. The authors report a case of fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis with therapeutic failure after 18 months of itraconazole and terbinafine associated with cryosurgery. The patient was cured after the introduction of saturated potassium iodide solution. Sporothrix brasiliensis was the identified species, presenting a susceptibility profile to itraconazole and terbinafine. This fact suggests that therapeutic failure is probably related to the host-fungus interaction rather than drug resistance. It is possible that the immunomodulatory action of the saturated potassium iodide solution may have played an important role in curing this patient.     

高锰酸钾配合金霉素眼膏治疗新生儿脓疱疮的疗效观察

目的：探讨高锰酸钾药浴配合金霉素眼膏治疗新生儿脓疱疮的疗效。方法将82例新生儿脓疱疮患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组44例采用0．01％高锰酸钾溶液全身沐浴，然后用金霉素眼膏局部涂擦；对照组38例在常规治疗的基础上，采用0．5％碘伏棉球局部涂擦。比较2种方法对新生儿脓疱疱的疗效。结果治疗组有效率为90．9％，对照组有效率为71．1％，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝7．82，P＜0．05）。结论高锰酸钾药浴加金霉素眼膏治疗新生儿脓疱疮的效果满意，值得临床推广。     

两种利尿剂不同比例联合应用对慢性心力衰竭患者血钾的影响

目的探讨不同比例保钾利尿剂与排钾利尿剂联合应用对慢性心力衰竭患者血钾的影响。方法选取住院心力衰竭患者298例,其中包括单纯心力衰竭者179例,心力衰竭合并肾功能不全者119例。单纯心力衰竭组及心力衰竭合并肾功能不全组分别采用随机数字表法分为A、B及C、D四组,均在常规心力衰竭治疗基础上给予排钾利尿剂呋塞米和保钾利尿剂螺内酯联合治疗,A、B、C、D四组呋塞米与螺内酯口服剂量比例分别为1∶1、1∶2、1∶1、1∶2,并排除饮食、基础血钾对血钾的干扰,监测血钾含量及肾功能。结果 A、B、C、D四组低钾血症的发生率分别为66.3%、4.4%、10.2%、0.0%,四组高钾血症的发生率分别为0.0%、1.1%、8.5%、51.7%,四组再入院率分别为9.0%、4.4%、11.9%、13.3%;单纯心力衰竭组中B组较A组低血钾发生率较低,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=75.047,P0.01);心力衰竭合并肾功能不全组C组较D组高血钾发生低,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=26.301,P0.01)。心力衰竭合并肾功能不全组较单纯心力衰竭组患者的总再入院率较高(12.6%比6.7%),但差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.021,P=0.082)。合并肾功能不全的心力衰竭亚组分析结果显示血钾水平与患者血肌酐水平具有正相关性(Pearson相关系数为0.967,P0.01)。结论在正常饮食、肾功能和基础血钾情况下,呋塞米与螺内酯按1∶2联合应用对心力衰竭患者的血钾含量影响较小;而当治疗合并肾功能不全的心力衰竭患者时,应视肾功能不全的轻重调整呋塞米与螺内酯的比例。     

Formulation and optimization of potassium iodide tablets

The use of potassium iodide (KI) as a protective agent against accidental radioactive exposure is well established. In this study, we aimed to prepare a KI tablet formulation using a direct compression method. We utilized Design of Experiment (DoE)/mixture design to define the best formulation with predetermined physical qualities as to its dissolution, hardness, assay, disintegration, and angle of repose. Based on the results from the DoE, the formulation had the following components (%w/w): Avicel 48.70%, silicon dioxide 0.27%, stearic acid (1.00%), magnesium stearate 2.45%, and dicalcium phosphate 18.69%, in addition to potassium iodide 28.89% (130 mg/tablet). This formulation was scaled-up using two tablet presses, a single-punch press and a rotary mini tablet press. The final scaled-up formulation was subjected to a variety of quality control tests, including photo-stability testing. The results indicate that potassium iodide tablets prepared by a rotary mini tablet press had good pharmaceutical characteristics and a shelf-life of 25 days when stored at room temperature protected from light.     

Twelve-month randomized controlled trial of 38% silver diamine fluoride with or without potassium iodide in indirect pulp capping of young permanent molars

BackgroundThe clinical and radiographic effectiveness of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) with and without potassium iodide (KI) was tested and compared with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in indirect pulp capping of deep carious lesions in young permanent molars.MethodsOne hundred eight permanent first molars with deep occlusal cavitated carious lesions in 49 children aged 6 through 9 years were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 36 molars per group) and treated with SDF plus KI, SDF, and RMGIC. RMGIC was used as a base and a resin-based composite restoration followed. Clinical assessments for secondary caries (primary outcome), postoperative pain, tooth vitality, and restoration success and quality rates according to Modified US Public Health Service and Ryge Criteria for Direct Clinical Evaluation of Restorations were performed after 3, 6, and 12 months. Periapical radiographs were obtained at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Outcomes were assessed using mixed effects multilevel logistic and linear regression analyses.ResultsThere were no significant differences (P = .26) among the groups at all times for secondary caries, postoperative pain, tooth vitality, clinical abscess, radiographic signs of pulpal pathology, restorations’ marginal adaption, anatomic form, and surface roughness. There was a significant difference (P = .03) in restoration color, marginal staining, and luster. The RMGIC group outperformed the 2 SDF groups in color and luster.ConclusionsThe authors did not find differences among the groups in preventing secondary caries or pain or in maintaining pulpal health. The RMGIC group had better restoration color and luster than both SDF groups and better marginal staining than the SDF group.Practical ImplicationsThe results of this study can help guide treatment decision making regarding use of SDF and SDF plus KI as indirect pulp capping materials in deep cavitated lesions.This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number is NCT04236830.     

瑞巴派特联合铋剂四联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性胃溃疡的临床研究

目的 探究瑞巴派特联合铋剂四联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌（Hp）阳性胃溃疡的临床效果。方法 选取2020年7月—2022年7月广西壮族自治区胸科医院收治的112例Hp阳性胃溃疡患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各56例。对照组给予铋剂四联疗法,泮托拉唑钠肠溶片40 mg/次,2次/d;阿莫西林克拉维酸钾片1 g/次,2次/d;克拉霉素片500 mg/次,2次/d;枸橼酸铋钾胶囊0.3 g/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服瑞巴派特片,0.1 g/次,3次/d。两组均在治疗2周后停用抗生素,治疗时间均为4周。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者Hp根除率,胃黏膜形态学指标,及血清干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、IL-4和IL-5水平。结果 治疗后,治疗组临床有效率（98.22%）和Hp根除率（98.22%）均分别显著高于对照组（87.50%,85.71%,P<0.05）。治疗后,两组患者胃黏膜形态学指标评分均较治疗前降低（P<0.05）,且治疗组慢性炎症细胞、腺体密度及黏膜后厚度评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组患者血清IFN-γ、IL-2水平均较治疗前降低,而血清IL-4、IL-5水平均较治疗前升高（P<0.05）,且治疗组明显好于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 瑞巴派特联合四联疗法是Hp阳性胃溃疡有效且安全的治疗方案,能减轻患者胃黏膜损害程度,纠正Th1/Th2免疫失衡。     

离子色谱-抑制电导法测定硫酸镁钠钾口服用浓溶液中镁、钠、钾离子

目的 建立离子色谱–抑制电导法同时测定硫酸镁钠钾口服用浓溶液中镁、钠、钾离子的方法。方法 采用Dionex IonPac^TM CS12A色谱柱（250 mm×4 mm）,Dionex IonPac^TM CG12A保护柱（50 mm×4 mm）;以甲烷磺酸溶液为洗脱液,梯度洗脱,体积流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,检测池温度35 ℃,电导检测器,抑制器为Dionex CDRS 600 4 mm,电流值117 mA,进样体积为25 μL。结果 镁在0.72～1.08μg/mL、钠在12.80～19.20 μg/mL、钾在3.20～4.80 μg/mL线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为101.0%、100.7%、102.9%,RSD值分别为1.4%、1.4%、0.7%。结论 该方法简单、快速、准确,能够有效地控制硫酸镁钠钾口服用浓溶液中镁、钠、钾离子。     

6种清热解毒类中药注射液治疗儿童毛细支气管炎的贝叶斯网状Meta分析

目的 系统评价 6 种清热解毒类中药注射液联合常规西医治疗儿童毛细支气管炎的疗效与安全性。方法 计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库 (CNKI)、万方数据库 (Wanfang)、维普数据库 (VIP)、CBM、Web of Science、The CochraneLibrary、PubMed 和 Embase 数据库收录的清热解毒类中药注射液治疗儿童毛细支气管炎的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时间均自建库至 2021 年 3 月 14 日。提取合格文献相关信息,通过 Cochrane 风险偏倚评价工具对纳入研究进行质量评价。使用 R软件、JAGS 软件和 GEMTC 软件包进行贝叶斯网状 Meta 分析。结果 最终纳入26项RCTs,涉及2 776例患儿及喜炎平注射液、炎琥宁注射液、血必净注射液、热毒宁注射液、痰热清注射液、鱼腥草注射液 6 种清热解毒类中药注射液。网状 Meta分析结果显示,与常规西医治疗相比,①提高临床总有效率方面,喜炎平注射液>炎琥宁注射液>血必净注射液>热毒宁注射液>痰热清注射液>鱼腥草注射液;②缩短憋喘时间方面,喜炎平注射液>痰热清注射液>热毒宁注射液>炎琥宁注射液>血必净注射液;③缩短咳嗽时间方面,热毒宁注射液>痰热清注射液>喜炎平注射液>血必净注射液;④肺部啰音消失方面,喜炎平注射液>鱼腥草注射液>热毒宁注射液>血必净注射液>炎琥宁注射液>痰热清注射液;⑤肺部哮鸣音消失方面,喜炎平注射液>热毒宁注射液>炎琥宁注射液>血必净注射液>痰热清注射液;⑥缩短平均住院时间方面,喜炎平注射液>炎琥宁注射液>热毒宁注射液>血必净注射液>鱼腥草注射液>痰热清注射液。6 种清热解毒类中药注射液在治疗过程中均未产生严重不良反应。结论 现有证据表明,清热解毒类中药注射液联合西医常规治疗可提高儿童毛细支气管炎的疗效,其中以喜炎平注射液总体治疗效果较好。