短语小处方在门诊换药患者健康教育中的应用

【】目的 探讨短语小处方在门诊换药患者健康教育中的应用效果。方法 选取门诊换药室手外伤换药患者170例,按首次换药时间先后分为对照组85例,观察组85例;对照组在换药后予常规健康教育处方指导,观察组予健康教育短语小处方指导。观察两组患者健康教育知晓率、护理服务满意度、伤口愈合时间和感染发生率。结果 观察组健康教育知晓率、满意度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01),伤口感染发生率低于对照组(P<0.01),伤口愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 短语小处方提高患者健康教育知晓率,缩短伤口愈合时间,降低伤口感染发生率。     

武汉市某钢铁公司冷轧和条材厂噪声作业工人听力检查结果

目的分析不同工龄、性别与噪声作业工人听力损伤的关系,为钢铁企业开展噪声危害控制提供参考依据。方法根据GBZ188—2006噪声作业工人健康检查规范,对武汉市某钢铁厂1697名噪声作业工人听力检查结果进行分析。结果不同暴露工龄组听力损伤发生率的差异有统计学意义（X^2=175．69,P〈0．01）;随着噪声暴露时间的增加,作业人员语频、高频损伤发生率的变化总体呈现递增趋势,且随工龄增长,听力损伤的轻、中、重程度发生率也出现逐渐增加趋势。不同性别人员的听力损伤情况差异有统计学意义（X^2=30．879,P〈0．01）。结论噪声作业人员听力损失的发生率及严重程度与工龄有关,且存在性别差异。     

Three opportunities for standardization: A literature review of the variation among pharmacists’ patient care services terminology

BackgroundVariation describing pharmacists’ patient care services exist, and this variation contributes to the prevalent misunderstanding of pharmacists' roles. In contrast, standard phraseology is a critical practice among highly reliable organizations and a way to reduce variation and confusion.ObjectiveThis work aims to identify and define pharmacists’ patient care service terms to identify redundancies and opportunities for standardization.MethodsBetween May to August 2018, terms and definitions were searched via PubMed, Google Scholar and statements/policies of professional pharmacy organizations. Two references per term were sought to provide an “early definition” and a “contemporary definition.” Only literature published in English was included, and data gathered from each citation included the date published, the term's definition, and characterization of the reference's source as either a regulatory or professional body. A five-person expert panel used an iterative technique to revise and verify the list of included terms and subsequent literature review results. Terms were then searched in the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Heading Database (MeSH) in July, 2019.ResultsThere are fifteen commonly misunderstood terms that refer to the patient care services provided by pharmacists. The appearance of these terms in the literature spanned nearly five decades. Nearly half of terms appeared first in regulatory, law or policy documents; of these, two terms had contemporary definitions appearing in the professional literature that differed from their early regulatory definition. Three opportunities to improve standardization include: (1) Implementation of standardized phraseology systems similar to nursing's Clinical Care Classification System; (2) Academics' adherence to standardized MeSH terms; and (3) Clarification of pharmacy education accreditation standards.ConclusionNumerous terms are used to describe pharmacists' patient care services, with many definitions of terms overlapping in several key components. The profession has made concerted efforts to consolidate and standardize terminology in the past, but more opportunities exist.     

The perception of musical phrase structure: a cross-cultural ERP study

Electroencephalography (EEG) was used in a cross-cultural music study investigating phrase boundary perception. Chinese and German musicians performed a cultural categorization task under Chinese and Western music listening conditions. Western music was the major subject for both groups of musicians, while Chinese music was familiar to Chinese subjects only. By manipulating the presence of pauses between two phrases in the biphrasal melodies, EEG correlates for the perception of phrase boundaries were found in both groups under both music listening conditions. Between 450 and 600 ms, the music CPS (closure positive shift), which had been found in earlier studies with a false tone detection task, was replicated for the more global categorization task and for all combinations of subject group and musical style. At short latencies (100 and 450 ms post phrase boundary offset), EEG correlates varied as a function of musical styles and subject group. Both bottom-up (style properties of the music) and top-down (acculturation of the subjects) information interacted during this early processing stage.     

基于邻近概念信息的FMA本体概念名消歧法

提出一种基于本体中概念间的父子关系以及词法信息的自动消歧法,以消除解剖学基础模型本体中含有介词时概念名中的歧义,具体介绍研究对象、技术基础和研究方法。结果显示该方法能成功解析90.95%含有单个介词of的概念名,消除其中原有的歧义。     

Generating predictions: Lesion evidence on the role of left inferior frontal cortex in rapid syntactic analysis

A well-documented phenomenon in event-related electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies on language processing is that syntactic violations of different types elicit negativities as early as 100 msec after the violation point. Recently, these responses have been associated with activations in or very close to sensory cortices, suggesting the involvement of basic sensory mechanisms in the detection of syntactic violations. The present study investigated whether intact auditory cortices and adjacent temporal regions are sufficient to generate early syntactic negativities in the auditory event-related potential (ERP). We tested ten clinically non-aphasic patients with left inferior frontal lesions, but intact temporal cortices in a passive auditory ERP paradigm that had reliably elicited early negativities in response to violations of subject-verb agreement and word category in the past. Subject-verb agreement violations failed to elicit early grammaticality effects in these patients, whereas a group of ten age-matched controls showed a reliable early negativity. This finding supports the idea that sensory aspects of syntactic analysis as reflected in early syntactic negativities critically depend on top-down predictions generated by the left inferior frontal cortex. In contrast, word category violations elicited a small, marginally significant early negativity both in controls and patients, suggesting an additional involvement of temporal regions in early phrase structure processing. In an additional auditory oddball experiment patients showed a regular P300, but no N2b component in response to deviant tones, indicating that their deficit in generating sensory predictions extends beyond the language domain.     

噪声作业500名工人听力检查结果分析

目的分析不同工龄、性别以及防护用品的使用情况与噪声作业工人听力损失的关系,为企业开展噪声危害控制提供依据。方法根据GBZ 188-2006噪声作业体检规范,对2008年北京市大兴区噪声作业工人500名健康检查的资料进行分析。结果不同暴露工龄组听力损失的发生率差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=35.85,P〈0.01）;严重听力损失的发生率有随着接触噪声时间的增加而增加的趋势,使用防护用品听力损失的发生率以及严重程度明显低于未使用防护用品者（χ^2=37.10,P〈0.01）。听力损失的严重程度与性别无关（χ^2=1.58,P〉0.05）。结论听力损失的发生率及严重程度与工龄有关,使用防护用品能起到较好的防护效果。     

Image quality in non-gated versus gated reconstruction of tongue motion using magnetic resonance imaging: a comparison using automated image processing

Purpose  The use of gated or ECG triggered MR is a well-established technique and developments in coil technology have enabled this approach to be applied to areas other than the heart. However, the image quality of gated (ECG or cine) versus non-gated or real-time has not been extensively evaluated in the mouth. We evaluate two image sequences by developing an automatic image processing technique which compares how well the image represents known anatomy. Methods  Four subjects practised experimental poly-syllabic sentences prior to MR scanning. Using a 1.5 T MR unit, we acquired comparable gated (using an artificial trigger) and non-gated sagittal images during speech. We then used an image processing algorithm to model the image grey along lines that cross the airway. Each line involved an eight parameter non-linear equation to model of proton densities, edges, and dimensions. Results  Gated and non-gated images show similar spatial resolution, with non-gated images being slightly sharper (10% better resolution, less than 1 pixel). However, the gated sequences generated images of substantially lower inherent noise, and substantially better discrimination between air and tissue. Additionally, the gated sequences demonstrate a very much greater temporal resolution. Conclusion  Overall, image quality is better with gated imaging techniques, especially given their superior temporal resolution. Gated techniques are limited by the repeatability of the motions involved, and we have shown that speech to a metronome can be sufficiently repeatable to allow high-quality gated magnetic resonance imaging images. We suggest that gated sequences may be useful for evaluating other types of repetitive movement involving the joints and limb motions.     

我国科技期刊不应忽视短句式题名

【目的】探讨不同结构形式题名的特点,呼吁国内科技期刊编辑人员关注和接纳短句式题名。【方法】以国际顶尖科技期刊Cell为参照,分析国内科技期刊过多使用短语式题名而忽视短句式题名的原因,从功能性和适用性两大方面比较短句式题名与短语式题名的差异,剖析短句式题名的独特优势。【结果】短句式题名与短语式题名表达论文内容的角度不同,短语式题名是对论文研究内容和范围的概括;短句式题名多采用陈述句,直接提炼出论文的研究结论,读者可从中获取更有价值的信息。一味地为追求简练而固守短语式题名,忽视短句式题名,不利于论文关键信息的充分表述。【结论】科技期刊应根据论文的性质和特点,以信息量最大化、有效化为原则接纳合适的短句式题名。     

Omissions of obligatory relative markers in children with specific language impairment

Although the morphological difficulties of children with specific language impairment (SLI) have been documented extensively, performance on complex syntax production has been explored to a far lesser degree. Leonard's (1995) functional categories account of SLI suggests that syntactic structures involving the embedding of complementizer phrases may be problematic for SLI children. In a follow up to Schuele (1995) and Schuele and Nicholls (2000), this study explored the inclusion of obligatory relative markers in subject relative clauses by children with SLI (5 to 7 years) as compared to children with typical language (3 to 5 years). Children with SLI omitted the obligatory relativizer that or WH relative pronoun in 63% of the attempted subject relative clauses. In contrast, TL children always included the obligatory relative marker. Thus, children with SLI demonstrated particular difficulty in the production of subject relative clauses, complex syntactic structures which require an overt element in an embedded complementizer phrase.