多元化联合教学模式在超声引导下疼痛介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨多元化联合教学模式在超声引导下疼痛介入治疗教学中的应用效果。方法选择2018年1月至2020年12月在北京大学第三医院疼痛科进修的30名医师作为研究对象,将其分为对照组与观察组;对照组采用常规教学模式;观察组采用多元化联合教学模式,比较两组医师技能考核成绩、教学质量评分和满意度评分。结果观察组医师技能考核成绩优良率为93.3%,高于对照组的73.3%(P<0.05);观察组医师对基础理论知识掌握、临床思维能力的提高、学习兴趣的激发、疾病诊治能力的提高4个方面的评分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论多元化联合教学模式可促进超声引导下疼痛介入治疗技能的提高,有利于提高学员的综合临床能力。     

基于电生理信号的生物医学工程专业课程体系建设

生理电信号作为生物医学工程中的重要信号,其中蕴含了丰富的人体信息。该研究以生理电信号为主线,通过对其信号的学习、获取、分析、处理将生物医学工程的专业课串联起来,使学生将专业知识和实际仪器设计分析结合起来,能较为全面的掌握信号与系统方面的知识,加强学生的实际分析和解决医学问题的能力。     

目标教学在手术室护理带教中的应用效果观察

目的观察目标教学在手术室护理带教中的应用效果。方法选取2018年9月—2019年6月期间,医院手术室的48名实习护士,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组各24例。对照组行传统护理带教方法,试验组行目标教学带教。对比带教后两组考核成绩及带教满意度。结果带教后,试验组职业防护意识、风险意识、无菌观念、常见小中手术配合熟练度、常见小中手术护理要点掌握、基本工作职责及流程掌握等评分与对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组专科操作、操作测评及理论测评成绩与对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论于手术室护理带教中应用目标教学,具有理想效果,有助于提升考核成绩及专业技能。     

以就业为导向的脊柱相关疾病的推拿教学策略

目的培养脊柱及相关疾病推拿治疗的应用型人才。方法采用编写应用型教材、把教室转移到诊室和示教室、教材-案例“逼真”教学法、创造学生在临床真实环境下的动手操作机会和产-学-研相结合教学法等手段和方法,在内容改革上纳入目前医院和社会机构多使用的规划教材之外的手法技术、现代康复技术和世界各地的脊柱手法技术,拓宽知识面,与临床应用接轨;发挥考试的导向功能,通过改革考试和评价方法,切实培养应用型人才。结果教学效果良好,有效提升了学生临床适应能力和社会生存能力。结论以就业为导向的脊柱及相关疾病的推拿教学模式值得进一步探索。     

The effectiveness of humanoid diagram teaching strategy on care capacity and retention in novice nurses

AimTo examine the effectiveness of a Humanoid Diagram Teaching Strategy (HDTS) on care capabilities and retention of novice nurses.BackgroundGuiding novice nurses in clinical practice is a matter of concern and the use of diagrams in assisting the learning process and to promote learning efficiency has been acknowledged.DesignThis is a quasi-experimental study with asynchronous repeated measurements for the experimental and control groups.MethodsThe study was conducted in a medical centre in southern Taiwan with 24 novice nurses. The intervention, Humanoid Diagrams Teaching Strategy, contained three parts: the head and neck; trunk; and limbs. The HDTS was applied three time weekly. Each session lasted approximately 30 min and the training lasted 4 weeks. The effectiveness of HDTS was measured using Mini-CEX, CbD and retention rates in the 3rd and 6th months of novice nurses’ experience.ResultsAfter the HDTS, although increases in mini-CEX and CbD scores in the experimental group were greater than the control group, these differences were not statistically significant after considering the time interaction. But the 3rd month and 6th month novice nurses’ retention rates were statistically significantly different by comparing the differences under the time interaction effects in both groups.ConclusionsThe Humanoid Diagram Teaching Strategy is an effective tool for preceptors to use in assisting novice nurses in learning, improving their nursing care knowledge and technical skills and to increase their retention rate.     

The scope of computerized simulation in competency-based maxillofacial training: a systematic review

Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) teaching is set to undergo a paradigm shift towards competency-based training. With increasing focus on resident skill development and patient safety, computerized simulators are likely to play a more mainstream role in OMS training. A systematic review of the available literature was conducted, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, to highlight the scope of computerized simulation in OMS teaching. A PubMed search was performed by two independent reviewers, and 35 articles published in English between 2010 and 2021 that reported the use of computerized simulation for teaching maxillofacial procedures were included in the analysis. Eight articles on minor oral surgery, seven on orthognathic surgery, five on maxillofacial trauma, five on cleft lip and palate surgery, three articles each on nerve block techniques, endoscopic procedures, and reconstructive surgery, and one article on fibre-optic intubation reported the use of computerized simulation that can be applied to OMS training. Ten randomized controlled trials were identified in the search. However there was marked heterogeneity among the studies. Simulator training for skill acquisition mentored by an expert OMS educator could offer holistic resident training; however more studies that test common themes of resident training such as knowledge acquisition and skill development are necessary.     

北京市精神卫生医务人员对严重精神障碍发病报告制度的认知研究

背景 严重精神障碍发病报告制度作为精神卫生监测的重要一环已运行实施多年，实施效果需要进一步探知。 目的 分析北京市三类精神卫生医务人员对严重精神障碍发病报告制度重要性、主要作用、实施效果、存在问题及完善措施的认知，为促进该制度的完善提供建议。 方法 2019年3—6月，采用方便抽样方法选择234例市级精神专科医院医务人员，采用分层抽样方法选择183例区级精神专科医院医务人员，采用分层抽样方法选择214例社区精神卫生防治医务人员作为研究对象，采用"北京市精神卫生法治状况调查问卷"进行问卷调查，问卷主要内容包括医务人员基本信息及对严重精神障碍发病报告制度的认知。 结果 对于制度重要性，56.3%（103/183）的区级精神专科医院和54.7%（117/214）的社区精神卫生防治医务人员认为其"非常重要"，66.7%（156/234）的市级精神专科医院医务人员认为其"比较重要"。对于主要作用，76.9%（180/234）的市级精神专科医院医务人员和82.7%（177/214）的社区精神卫生防治医务人员认为该制度主要作用为"风险预警"，80.9%（148/183）的区级精神专科医院医务人员认为该制度主要作用为"社区管理"。对于实施效果，44.4%（104/234）的市级精神专科医院医务人员、50.3%（92/183）的区级精神专科医院医务人员和50.9%（109/214）的社区精神卫生防治医务人员认为严重精神障碍发病报告制度实施效果比较好。对于存在问题，77.8%（182/234）的市级精神专科医院医务人员、78.1%（143/183）的区级精神专科医院医务人员和83.2%（178/214）的社区精神卫生防治医务人员认为该制度主要存在的问题为"报告涉及患者隐私信息的收集"。对于完善措施，73.5%（172/234）的市级精神专科医院医务人员和76.6%（164/214）的社区精神卫生防治医务人员认为严重精神障碍发病报告制度完善措施为"规范信息录入、登记、更正、汇总制度"，68.9%（126/183）的区级精神专科医院医务人员认为制度完善措施为"规范信息共享及对患者隐私保护的制度"。 结论 三类医务人员对严重精神障碍发病报告制度的作用及实施效果表示肯定，为实现风险防控与隐私保护并重，兼顾患者管理与服务，应当对该制度予以完善，包括：在法律层面细化相关规定；对患者坚持服务保障与管理并重，完善精神卫生服务体系，落实基本与重大公共卫生服务项目；增加政策宣传力度，提高患者及家属对该制度的认可度。