人参二醇、三醇皂苷对小鼠骨髓造血干/祖细胞体外增殖的影响

人参总皂苷按单体皂苷皂苷元所含羟基量不同分为人参二醇皂苷(Panaxadiol Saponin;PDS)和人参三醇皂苷(Panaxtrol Saponin;PTS)两大类.有关人参总皂甙对造血方面的研究也已有不少报道[1～3],而PDS和PTS对造血祖细胞作用研究还未见报道.本文采用体外造血祖细胞集落形成技术,通过观察PDS和PTS对小鼠骨髓造血干/祖细胞增殖的作用影响,目的在于探讨人参总皂苷中不同的皂苷成分对造血祖细胞的作用,筛选人参中促造血有效成分,为开发利用天然植物资源提供实验依据.     

Pneumatic tube transport affects platelet function measured by multiplate electrode aggregometry

Multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) is used to measure platelet function. Pneumatic tube transport systems (PTS) for delivery of patient samples to a central laboratory are often used to reduce turnaround time for vital analyses. We evaluated the effects of PTS transport on platelet function as measured by MEA.     

Identification of two novel type 1 peroxisomal targeting signals in Arabidopsis thaliana

Peroxisomes lack their own genetic material and must therefore import proteins encoded by genes in the nucleus. Amino acids within these proteins serve as targeting signals: they direct the delivery of the proteins to the organelle. The majority of soluble proteins destined for the peroxisomal matrix utilize a type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1): a C-terminal tripeptide that follows the pattern small/basic/hydrophobic. We have discovered two new C-terminal tripeptides that target proteins to peroxisomes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The tripeptides PSL and KRR do not fit the major PTS1 consensus but cause green fluorescent protein to accumulate in peroxisomes of stably transformed Arabidopsis. We have identified forty-one proteins in the Arabidopsis genome that also bear these tripeptides at their C-termini and may therefore be peroxisomal.     

Combined weightbearing CT and MRI assessment of flexible progressive collapsing foot deformity

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between Weightbearing CT (WBCT) markers of pronounced peritalar subluxation (PTS) and MRI findings of soft tissue insufficiency in patients with flexible Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity (PCFD). We hypothesized that significant correlation would be found.MethodsRetrospective comparative study with 54 flexible PCFD patients. WBCT and MRI variables deformity severity were evaluated, including markers of pronounced PTS, as well as soft tissue degeneration. A multiple regression analysis and partition prediction models were used to evaluate the relationship between bone alignment and soft tissue injury. P-values of less than .05 were considered significant.ResultsDegeneration of the posterior tibial tendon was significantly associated with sinus tarsi impingement (p = .04). Spring ligament degeneration correlated to subtalar joint subluxation (p = .04). Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament involvement was the only one to significantly correlate to the presence of subfibular impingement (p = .02).ConclusionOur results demonstrated that WBCT markers of pronounced deformity and PTS were significantly correlated to MRI involvement of the PTT and other important restraints such as the spring and talocalcaneal interosseus ligaments.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Retrospective comparative study.     

黄花倒水莲总皂苷对动物实验性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究黄花倒水莲总苷(PTS)对由四氯化碳、氨基半乳糖与酒精造成的肝损伤的预防与治疗作用。方法:小鼠分别给予PTS与双联苯酯10d后分别腹腔注射四氯化碳与氨基半乳糖,测定血清中肝功能指标与肝组织中MDA含量。通过大鼠持续酒精灌胃造成酒精性脂肪肝模型,模型建立后给予PTS与非诺贝特,测定血清中相关肝功能指标与血清中和肝组织中脂质含量的变化。对肝组织进行HE染色,光镜下进行组织病理学检查。结果:小鼠给予PTS与联苯双酯10d后腹腔分别注射四氯化碳与氨基半乳糖,与模型组相比,血清GOT与GPT水平显著性降低,肝组织中MDA含量显著性降低。酒精灌胃5周后,PTS与非诺贝特给药3周后,与模型组相比血清中GOT水平显著性下降,血清与肝组织中TC与TG含量均显著性降低,血清中MDA与LDL含量均显著性降低,SOD值显著性升高,肝组织病理组织学变化改善。结论:PTS对由四氯化碳与氨基半乳糖造成的急性肝损伤有治疗作用;对酒精性脂肪肝有保护作用,PTS改善了模型的脂质代谢并降低了由自由基引起的氧化作用。     

黄花倒水莲总皂苷对凝血系统及血栓形成的影响

目的：本文观察黄花倒水莲总皂苷(PTS)对凝血系统和炎症血栓的影响，为其临床应用于血栓性疾病提供一定依据。方法：采用体外家兔血浆复钙时间、凝血酶原时间、抗凝血酶时间、部分凝血活酶时间及小鼠凝血时间的测定，考察PTS对内、外凝血系统指标的影响，并通过角叉菜胶致小鼠体内血栓及足跖肿胀实验，观察PTS对炎症血栓的影响。结果：PTS可明显延长体外家兔血浆复钙时间；显著延长凝血酶所致纤维蛋白凝固时间；显著延长部分凝血活酶时间；对血浆凝血酶原时间无明显影响。预先ig给予PTS显著延长小鼠凝血时间；减小角叉菜胶所致尾部形成血栓的长度，同时明显抑制其足跖肿胀。结论：PTS可能通过影响内源性凝血系统发挥抗凝血及抗血栓作用。     

Sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate derived from garlic induces phase II detoxification enzymes in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells

There is evidence that onions and garlic protect against cancer in humans. It has been suggested that this effect is partly due to the organosulfur compounds in Allium vegetables and that these substances act through induction of phase II detoxification enzymes. Here, we hypothesized that alk(en)yl thiosulfates, sodium n-propyl thiosulfate (NPTS), and sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate (2PTS), which were identified in onions and garlic, respectively, may induce phase II enzymes. Therefore, rat hepatoma cells (H4IIE) were cultured with 1 to 100 μmol/L of NPTS or 2PTS for 48 hours at 37°C; and the activities and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of phase II enzymes in H4IIE cells were investigated. The effects of diallyl trisulfide and tert-butylhydroquinone, known as phase II inducers, were also examined as positive controls and compared with the responses of NPTS and 2PTS. Quinone reductase (QR) activity and mRNA expression levels of QR and epoxide hydrolase 1 were significantly increased by 2PTS (P < .05-.005). In particular, QR activity was increased at a relatively low concentration of 2PTS (10 μmol/L). However, glutathione S-transferase activity and mRNA expression levels of glutathione S-transferase A5 and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 were not changed by 2PTS. In contrast, NPTS did not affect the activities and mRNA expression levels of these phase II enzymes. These results show that 2PTS can induce phase II enzymes, and its inductive effect is comparable or superior to that of diallyl trisulfide and tert-butylhydroquinone.     

三七三醇皂苷对局灶脑缺血再灌注大鼠不同恢复时期脑组织Nogo-A mRNA和蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察局灶性脑缺血再灌注后Nogo-A mRNA和蛋白表达的动态变化,以及三七三醇皂苷(PTS)对其影响。方法:将健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和药物干预组(PTS组),采用Longa线栓法制备大脑中动脉阻塞与再灌注大鼠短暂局灶性脑缺血模型。药物干预后,采用RT-PCR结合免疫组织化学技术检测大鼠缺血再灌注后不同时期(3 d,7 d)脑组织Nogo-A mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果:模型组Nogo-A mRNA和蛋白表达在缺血再灌注损伤后3 d时下降,7 d时上升。PTS组在3 d时大脑皮层和海马Nogo-A表达比模型组低,但差异无显著性意义(P0.05);7 d时Nogo-A表达明显低于模型组,差异有显著性意义(P0.01)。结论:PTS可使缺血再灌注大鼠的Nogo-A表达下降,这可能是其发挥脑保护作用的机制之一。     

Requirement for a structured algorithm in cardiac arrest following major trauma: Epidemiology,management errors,and preventability of traumatic deaths in Berlin

Background

Despite continuous innovation in trauma care, fatal trauma remains a significant medical and socioeconomic problem. Traumatic cardiac arrest (tCA) is still considered a hopeless situation, whereas management errors and preventability of death are neglected. We analyzed clinical and autopsy data from tCA patients in an emergency-physician-based rescue system in order to reveal epidemiologic data and current problems in the successful treatment of tCA.

Material and methods

Epidemiological and autopsy data of all unsuccessful tCPR cases in a one-year-period in Berlin, Germany (n = 101, Group I) and clinical data of all cases of tCPR in a level 1 trauma centre in an 6-year period (n = 52, Group II) were evaluated. Preventability of traumatic deaths in autopsy cases (n = 22) and trauma-management failures were prospectively assessed.

Results

In 2010, 23% of all traumatic deaths in Berlin received tCPR. Death after tCPR occurred predominantly prehospital (PH;74%) and only 26% of these patients were hospitalized. Of 52 patients (Group II), 46% required tCPR already PH and 81% in the emergency department (ED). In 79% ROSC was established PH and 53% in the ED. The survival rate after tCPR was 29% with 27% good neurological outcome. Management errors occurred in 73% PH; 4 cases were judged as potentially or definitive preventable death.

Conclusion

Trauma CPR is beyond routine with the need for a tCPR-algorithm, including chest/pericardial decompression, external pelvic stabilization and external bleeding control. The prehospital trauma management has the highest potential to improve tCPR and survival. Therefore, we suggested a pilot prehospital tCPR-algorithm.