MCI的情志病机及疏肝法干预的可行性探讨＊

轻度认知障碍（Mild cognition impairment， MCI）是尚未达到阿尔兹海默病（Alzheimer’s disease， AD）的诊断标准且可逆转为正常脑老化状态的最佳窗口期。情志异常、肝失疏泄（肝失疏泄日久致肝郁）已被证实为MCI的重要情志病机，且“长期负性情绪积累肝失疏泄致衰加速脑老化”的科学假说已在本课题组前期研究中得到初步证实，疏肝法干预肝郁型MCI患者疗效显著，但以上作用机制尚未得到完全阐述。因此本研究系统总结了中医学对MCI的认识，长期情绪不调肝失疏泄对MCI的影响及可能机制，疏肝解郁方药及其成分改善肝郁型MCI的可行性，并提出使用无束缚性设计的眼动技术以探索疏肝法改善肝郁型MCI的可行性，为MCI的中医药干预及其神经机制探讨提供新思路，为中医情志衰老学说增添新内涵。     

段迎喜“升脾”学术思想探微

脾胃之气的充足和清气的正常升发对人体生命活动具有决定意义,饮食、劳倦、情志、外感对脾胃的损伤往往影响中焦脾胃清阳的生成及升发,脾胃病以本虚为主,多由虚致实,虚实兼有,病机关键为升降失常,脾气不升。肝对人体气机具有升宣调畅作用,脾气的升清有赖于肝气升发促进。在补中益气的同时,要补肝益气。同时,肾精气充盈,元气方能充沛,肾阳又主气化,肾精不封、肾气不固者必致肾气下陷。治疗须温肾壮阳、升阳举陷。脾胃中气不足,气机郁滞而化火,并脾之清气下流而生泄泻,相火乘其土位更加耗伤中焦清阳之气。段老师特别注重脾气生长、升发,只有清阳升发,脾气上升,元气才能充沛,阴火才会收敛潜藏。治疗时运用辛甘之药以补益中气,借升阳风药以助肝胆之用,补其中而升其阳,升浮变通,使生长之气健旺。段老师善于运用甘温之品,温补中气,升发清阳。     

Brain maturation in the first 3 months of life,measured by electroencephalogram: A comparison between preterm and term-born infants

ObjectivePreterm infants are at risk for altered brain maturation resulting in neurodevelopmental impairments. Topographical analysis of high-density electroencephalogram during sleep matches underlying brain maturation. Using such an EEG mapping approach could identify preterm infants at risk early in life.Methods20 preterm (gestational age < 32 weeks) and 20 term-born infants (gestational age > 37 weeks) were recorded by 18-channel daytime sleep-EEG at term age (GA 40 weeks for preterm and 2–3 days after birth for term infants) and 3 months (corrected age for preterm infants).ResultsPreterm infant’s power spectrum at term age is immature, leveling off with term infants at 3 months of age. Topographical distribution of maximal power density however, reveals qualitative differences between the groups until 3 months of age. Preterm infants exhibit more temporal than central activation at term age and more occipital than central activation at 3 months of age. Moreover, being less mature at term age predicts being less mature at 3 months of age.ConclusionTopographical analysis of sleep EEG reveals changes in brain maturation between term and preterm infants early in life.SignificanceIn future, automated analysis tools using topographical power distribution could help identify preterm infants at risk early in life.     

Lasting improvements in left spatial neglect following a protocol combining neck-muscle vibration and voluntary arm movements: a case-study

Purpose: Beyond promising experimental results of sensory passive stimulations in spatial cognition disorders, some questions still remain regarding interests of these stimulations during the daily activities in neglect. The aim of this case-study was to evaluate the effects of a protocol combining left neck-muscle vibration with daily simple movements, like arm pointing movements, on perceptivo-locomotor deficits in a left spatial neglect patient.

Materials and methods: Two neuropsychological tests, one subjective straight-ahead pointing (SSA) test and one wheelchair navigation test were carried out before the combination protocol, immediately after, 1?h later, and 24?h later.

Results: The results showed a reduction of neglect spatial bias following the protocol lasted at least 24?h in all the tests (except for the SSA test due to the unavailability of the pointing device).

Conclusions: The range of improvements in the symptoms of spatial neglect suggests that this therapeutic intervention based on the combining neck-muscle vibration to voluntary arm movements could be a useful treatment for this condition. One of future investigation axes should be the development of a vibratory tool in order to facilitate the combining this proprioceptive stimulation to daily activities.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• Spatial neglect is a perplexing neuropsychological syndrome, affecting different domains of spatial cognition and impacting also the functional domain.

• The treatments based on neck-muscle vibration are simple to use, non-invasive and requires none active participation of patient.

• A therapeutic intervention based on the combining left neck-muscle vibration and voluntary arm movements in a left-spatial-neglect show a lasting reduction of symptoms especially in daily activities.

• The combination of treatments based on the Bottom–Up approach opens innovative perspectives in rehabilitation.

     

Exploring three levels of interoception in people with functional motor disorders

IntroductionA three-level model of interoception has recently been defined. We aim to study the interoceptive processing in individuals with functional motor disorder (FMD).MethodsTwenty-two patients with FMD were compared to 23 healthy controls. They underwent a protocol measuring different levels of interoception including: accuracy (a heart-beat tracking task), awareness (participant's confidence level) and sensibility (the Body Awareness Questionnaire-BAQ). Depression, anxiety and alexithymia were assessed by means of validated clinical scales.ResultsThe FMD group showed a lower cardiac interoceptive accuracy and sensibility than healthy controls but they did not differ in terms of awareness (p = 0.03 and 0.005 respectively). They were aware of their poor performance in the accuracy task. Cardiac interoceptive accuracy positively correlated with the BAQ sub-scales “Predict Body Reaction” (r = 0.49, p = 0.001) and “Sleep-Wake Cycle” (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). A mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of group on cardiac interoceptive accuracy through BAQ “Predict Body Reaction” (b = −2.95, 95% BCa CI[-7.2;-0.2]). The direct effect of group on “Predict Body Reaction” was still significant (b = − 6.95, p = 0.02, 95% CI[-13.18;-0.73]).ConclusionsPeople with FMD have impaired cardiac interoceptive accuracy and sensibility but no difference in metacognitive interoception compared to healthy controls.     

Longitudinal associations of fundamental movement skills with objectively measured physical activity and sedentariness during school transition from primary to lower secondary school

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate cross-lagged associations of leaping skill and throwing–catching skills with objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) during school transition from upper primary (Grade 6) to lower secondary school (Grade 7).