上尿路梗阻致肾功能衰竭临床分析

目的：探讨上尿路梗阻引起肾功能衰竭的诊断和治疗。方法：回顾分析30例上尿路梗阻引起肾功能衰竭患者的临床资料。结果：梗阻原因肾盂输尿管结石76.67%（23/30），肿瘤10%（3/30），其它13.33%（4/30）。治愈86.67%（26/30），好转13.33%（4/30）。结论:上尿路梗阻引起肾功能衰竭是泌尿外科的急重症，尽早解除梗阻有利于肾功能的恢复。     

基于粒子群优化的BP神经网络对血脂异常气郁痰阻型中医证候的疗效预测＊

目的 选用两种药物分析对血脂异常、中医证候的疗效，以中医证候积分为基础建立血脂异常气郁痰阻型的疗效表征模型，进而提出基于粒子群优化的BP神经网络预测两种方法的疗效。方法 收集50名符合血脂异常气郁痰阻型患者的基本资料，将患者随机分为解郁祛痰化浊方组（JQHP）、血脂康胶囊组（XZKC），每组25例，观察疗程12周治疗前后的血脂水平，治疗前及治疗期间每4周记录一次中医证候积分，共4次。定性疗效分析参考血脂防治指南和中医疗效积分，采用t检验、非参数检验及X²分析的方法；神经网络模型采用粒子群优化的BP神经网络，定量构建血脂异常气郁痰阻证的预测模型，设置为三层网络，输入层节点数为15，隐含层节点数为6，输出层节点数为1。针对JQHP组和XZKC组的数据，分别选择80%的数据进行训练，20%的数据进行验证。结果 两组治疗前、治疗4周、治疗8周、治疗12周的中医证候积分随治疗周期的增加而下降（P < 0.05）。JQHP组除了“形体肥胖”外，其余14项症状均有显著的改善（P < 0.05），XZKC组治疗前后比较除“形体肥胖”、“头晕”、“胸闷”外，其余12项均改善（P < 0.05）。以中医证候积分建立的基于粒子群优化BP神经网络的预测精度高、稳定性佳，可以定量预测两种药物对未知患者的疗效。结论 JQHP和XZKC可以改善血脂异常患者的血脂水平，改善气郁痰阻型患者的症状，此为定性分析。利用中医证候积分建立的基于粒子群优化BP神经网络两种治疗方法的预测模型，可定量预测未知患者的疗效。以此思路将有助于找到一种特定治疗方法的适应人群，从而提高该治疗方法的针对性，实现中医药的智能化、精准化、定量化。     

UPJO手术中双J管置入膀胱失败的危险因素分析

目的分析肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)患儿双J管置入膀胱失败的危险因素,为选择合适的治疗方法提供依据。方法回顾性收集山西省儿童医院2012年6月至2017年9月因UPJO行离断性肾盂输尿管再吻合术的96例患儿作为研究对象,年龄3个月至12岁,男78例,女18例。左侧60例,右侧23例,双侧13例。依据术中双J管置入成功与否分为成功组(n=74)和失败组(n=22)。结果失败组和成功组输尿管远端狭窄的比例分别是8/22(36.4%)和0/74(0.0%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.350,P<0.001)。失败组与成功组合并对侧肾积水的比例分别为7/22(31.8%)和7/74(9.6%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.648,P=0.010)。泌尿系统感染史、输尿管操作史、合并肾发育不良和腹痛史在两组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论双J管通过受阻时要考虑输尿管膀胱交界处狭窄,UPJO合并对侧肾积水预示着双J管置入失败的概率增大,治疗上宜选择传统的肾造瘘术。     

Proposal of the 3O (Obstruction,Ureteric Orifice,and Outcome) Subclassification System Associated with Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly (OHVIRA)

Study ObjectiveTo propose a “3O” (obstruction, ureteric orifice, and outcome) subclassification system associated with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA).DesignRetrospective case series.SettingXiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.ParticipantsA total of 26 women with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) over a 9-year period.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresIn all cases, the obstruction, ureteric orifice, outcome and surgical strategy were reviewed.ResultsIn our study, the “obstruction” category included 14 cases of blind hemivagina, 8 cases of buttonhole septum, 3 cases of cervical fistula, and 1 case of cervical atresia. A total of 25 patients with vaginal obstruction underwent resection of the vaginal septum. The patient with cervical atresia underwent a failed cervicoplasty, followed by hemi-hysterectomy. The “ureteric orifice” category included 24 cases of absent ureter with no orifice, as well as 2 cases of ureteric orifice emptying into the obstructed hemivagina. The 2 patients were treated with laparoscopic extirpation of the ectopic ureter and renal moiety. Regarding the “outcome” category, 5 patients with severe recurrent hematometra, hematosalpinx, and ovarian endometrioma underwent hemi-hysterectomy, salpingectomy, and cystectomy of the ovarian endometrioma. Both patients (1 with a septate uterus and 1 with a bicornuate uterus) who experienced recurrent abortion accepted uterine correction.ConclusionWe provide new insights into the anatomical variants of this rare syndrome with the relevant surgical implications. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful tool in 3O diagnosis.     

结肠内支架在乙状结肠癌及直肠癌梗阻治疗中的应用

目的 探讨结肠内支架治疗直肠癌、乙状结肠癌梗阻的疗效和意义.方法 自2001年1月至2005年12月,共收治22例左侧大肠癌梗阻的患者,在内镜及X线辅助下进行了结肠内支架治疗.结果 22例患者结肠内支架置入均获成功,无一例发生肠穿孔、大出血.10例出现骶尾部疼痛,5例有少量血便,支架脱落2例.结论 结肠内支架治疗作为直肠癌、乙状结肠癌术前梗阻解除或晚期复发肿瘤的姑息治疗均能达到梗阻解除、避免肠造瘘术、改善患者生活质量的效果.     

腹腔镜治疗粘连性肠梗阻效果观察

目的对应用腹腔镜治疗粘连性肠梗阻的治疗效果进行探讨。方法将80例粘连性肠梗阻患者随机分为研究组和对照组各40例。研究组采用腹腔镜治疗,对照组则采用传统开腹手术治疗。治疗结束后,进行以下方面的对比:术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间长短、拔管时间长短以及肠胃功能恢复时间。结果研究组术中出血量(50.2±20.6)ml,手术时间(68±41)min、住院时间(5.2±1.3)d,拔管时间(3.2±2.4)d,肠胃功能恢复时间(2.0±1.6)d,均优于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用腹腔镜治疗法较之于传统开腹治疗粘连性肠梗阻效果更佳,安全可靠,值得临床应用推广。     

The effects of iloprost on colonic anastomotic healing in rats under obstructive ileus conditions

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iloprost, on colonic anastomotic healing in rats, under obstructive ileus conditions.

Materials and methods

Eighty male Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 20 animals each. They underwent colonic resection followed by an inverted anastomosis. The rats of group 1 (control) and group 2 (ileus) received 3 mL of saline 0.9% intraperitoneally and those of group 3 (iloprost), and group 4 (ileus + iloprost) iloprost (2 μg/kg of body weight), immediately postoperatively and daily until the day of sacrifice. Each group was further divided into two equal subgroups, depending on the day of sacrifice. The animals of subgroup “a” were sacrificed on the fourth postoperative day, whereas those of “b” on the eighth day. Macroscopic and histologic assessment was performed, whereas anastomotic bursting pressures and the tissue concentrations in hydroxyproline and collagenase I were evaluated.

Results

Means of bursting pressure, neoangiogenesis, fibroblast activity, and hydroxyproline concentration were significantly increased in group 4 compared with group 2. In addition, on the fourth postoperative day, the inflammatory cell infiltration and the collagenase I concentration were significantly decreased in group 4 compared with group 2. Moreover, on the eighth postoperative day, collagen deposition was significantly increased in group 4 compared with group 2.

Conclusions

Iloprost after intraperitoneal administration reverses the negative effect of obstructive ileus. It promotes not only the angiogenic activity but also collagen formation, resulting in increased bursting pressures on the fourth and eighth postoperative days.