首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   21864篇
  免费   776篇
  国内免费   92篇
耳鼻咽喉   134篇
儿科学   2284篇
妇产科学   642篇
基础医学   1196篇
口腔科学   127篇
临床医学   5869篇
内科学   2100篇
皮肤病学   128篇
神经病学   929篇
特种医学   196篇
外科学   1896篇
综合类   2470篇
一般理论   1篇
预防医学   2507篇
眼科学   102篇
药学   1617篇
  14篇
中国医学   246篇
肿瘤学   274篇
  2023年   555篇
  2022年   907篇
  2021年   1095篇
  2020年   932篇
  2019年   1217篇
  2018年   1161篇
  2017年   778篇
  2016年   553篇
  2015年   693篇
  2014年   1697篇
  2013年   1604篇
  2012年   1419篇
  2011年   1573篇
  2010年   1133篇
  2009年   897篇
  2008年   750篇
  2007年   614篇
  2006年   565篇
  2005年   450篇
  2004年   362篇
  2003年   257篇
  2002年   202篇
  2001年   204篇
  2000年   164篇
  1999年   154篇
  1998年   137篇
  1997年   120篇
  1996年   123篇
  1995年   102篇
  1994年   88篇
  1993年   90篇
  1992年   80篇
  1991年   69篇
  1990年   61篇
  1989年   55篇
  1988年   61篇
  1987年   59篇
  1986年   53篇
  1985年   179篇
  1984年   215篇
  1983年   156篇
  1982年   175篇
  1981年   171篇
  1980年   137篇
  1979年   120篇
  1978年   112篇
  1977年   87篇
  1976年   102篇
  1975年   89篇
  1973年   64篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
BackgroundFindings on the usefulness of massage therapy (MT) in postoperative pain management are often inconsistent among studies.ObjectivesThis study’s aim is to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to clarify the effects of massage therapy in the treatment of postoperative pain.MethodsThree databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for RCTs published from database inception through January 26, 2021. The primary outcome was pain relief. The quality of RCTs was appraised with the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The random-effect model was used to calculate the effect sizes and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95 % confidential intervals (CIs) as a summary effect. The heterogeneity test was conducted through I2. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were used to explore the source of heterogeneity. Possible publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of funnel plot asymmetry.ResultsThe analysis included 33 RCTs and showed that MT is effective in reducing postoperative pain (SMD, −1.32; 95 % CI, −2.01 to −0.63; p = 0.0002; I2 = 98.67 %). A similar significant effect was found for both short (immediate assessment) and long terms (assessment performed 4–6 weeks after the MT). Remarkably, we found neither the duration per session nor the dose had an impact on the effect of MT and there seemed to be no difference in the effects of different MT types. In addition, MT seemed to be more effective for adults. Furthermore, MT had better analgesic effects on cesarean section and heart surgery than orthopedic surgery.LimitationsPublication bias is possible due to the inclusion of studies in English only. Additionally, the included studies were extremely heterogeneous. Double-blind research on MT is difficult to implement, and none of the included studies is double-blind. There was some heterogeneity and publication bias in the included studies. In addition, there is no uniform evaluation standard for the operation level of massage practitioners, which may lead to research implementation bias.ConclusionsMT is effective in reducing postoperative pain in both short and long terms.  相似文献   
2.
《Australian critical care》2022,35(2):204-209
ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to understand the concept of disaster preparedness in relation to the intensive care unit through the review and critique of the peer-reviewed literature.Review method usedRodgers' method of evolutionary concept analysis was used in the study.Data sourcesHealthcare databases included in the review were Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Public MEDLINE, Scopus, and ProQuest.Review methodsElectronic data bases were searched using terms such as “intensive care unit” OR “critical care” AND prep1 OR readiness OR plan1 AND disaster1 OR “mass casualty incidents” OR “natural disaster” OR “disaster planning” NOT paed1 OR ped1 OR neonat1. Peer-reviewed articles published in English between January 2000 and April 2020 that focused on intensive care unit disaster preparedness or included intensive care unit disaster preparedness as part of a facility-wide strategy were included in the analysis.ResultsEighteen articles were included in the concept analysis. Fourteen different terms were used to describe disaster preparedness in intensive care. Space, physical resources, and human resources were attributes that relied on each other and were required in sufficient quantities to generate an adequate response to patient surges from disasters. When one attribute is extended beyond normal operational capacities, the effectiveness and capacity of the other attributes will likely be limited.ConclusionThis concept analysis has shown the varied language used when referring to disaster preparedness relating to the intensive care unit within the research literature. Attributes including space, physical resources, and human resources were all found to be integral to a disaster response. Future research into what is required of these attributes to generate an all-hazards approach in disaster preparedness in intensive care units will contribute to optimising standards of care.  相似文献   
3.
IntroductionCOVID-19 patients have been reported to have digestive symptoms with poor outcome. Ivermectin, an antiparasitic drug, has been used in COVID-19 patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether ivermectin has effects on gastrointestinal complications and ventilator-free days in ventilated patients with COVID-19.MethodsCOVID-19 patients who were mechanically ventilated in the ICU were included in this study. The ventilated patients who received ivermectin within 3 days after admission were assigned to the Ivermectin group, and the others were assigned to the Control group. Patients in the Ivermectin group received ivermectin 200 μg/kg via nasal tube. The incidence of gastrointestinal complications and ventilator-free days within 4 weeks from admission were evaluated as clinical outcomes using a propensity score with the inverse probability weighting method.ResultsWe included 88 patients in this study, of whom 39 patients were classified into the Ivermectin group, and 49 patients were classified into the Control group. The hazard ratio for gastrointestinal complications in the Ivermectin group as compared with the Control group was 0.221 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.057 to 0.855; p = 0.029) in a Cox proportional-hazard regression model. The odds ratio for ventilator-free days as compared with the Control group was 1.920 (95% CI, 1.076 to 3.425; p = 0.027) in a proportional odds logistic regression model.ConclusionsIvermectin improved gastrointestinal complications and the number of ventilator-free days in severe COVID-19 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Prevention of gastrointestinal symptoms by SARS-Cov-2 might be associated with COVID-19 outcome.  相似文献   
4.
《Australian critical care》2022,35(6):630-635
BackgroundRapid developments in medical care—such as monitoring devices, medications, and working hours restrictions for intensive care personnel—have dramatically increased the demand for intensive care physicians. Therefore, nurse practitioner (NP)–staffed care is becoming increasingly important. This study was aimed to compare the outcomes of daytime NP-staffed and daytime resident-staffed nonsurgical intensive care units (ICU).MethodsWe retrospectively assessed patients admitted to a nonsurgical ICU from March 2017 to December 2017. We collected basic patient data, including age, sex, admission diagnosis, transferring unit, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score. Primary endpoints were ICU mortality, hospital mortality, and 30-day mortality. Secondary endpoints were 48-h readmission, discharge to nonhome locations, and lengths of ICU and hospital stay.ResultsA total of 838 subjects were analysed: 334 subjects in the NP-staffed group and 504 in the resident-staffed group. The NP-staffed group was more likely to come from inpatient units (38.3% vs 16.5% for resident-staffed group; p < 0.001) and had lower disease severity (APACHE II score, 13.9 ± 8.4 vs 15.1 ± 8.2 for resident-staffed group; p = 0.047). After adjusting for age, sex, location before ICU admission, APACHE II score, and significantly different basic characteristics, there were no differences in ICU mortality, hospital mortality, or 30-day mortality between the two groups. Secondary analysis showed the NP-staffed group had a lower discharge rate to nonhome locations (2.1% vs 6.3%; p = 0.023) and shorter hospital stay (12.1 ± 14.1 vs 14.2 ± 14.3 days; p = 0.015).ConclusionsWe observed no difference in mortality between daytime NP-staffed and resident-staffed nonsurgical ICUs. Daytime NP-staffed care is an effective, safe, feasible method for staffing nonsurgical ICUs.  相似文献   
5.
6.
Objective To study the clinical efficacy of volume-targeted ventilation (VTV) versus high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on the medical data of 140 neonates with severe NRDS who were admitted from September 2016 to February 2022, with 55 neonates in the VTV group and 85 in the HFOV group. The neonates in the VTV group received conventional mechanical ventilation and target tidal volume, and those in the HFOV group received HFOV. Arterial blood gas parameters were collected at 48 hours after admission, and related indices during hospitalization were recorded, including mortality rate, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, duration of oxygen therapy, and the incidence rates of complications. Results Compared with the VTV group, the HFOV group had significantly lower incidence rates of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences between the two groups in the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, the duration of oxygen therapy, mortality rate, and the incidence rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypocapnia, hypercapnia, periventricular leukomalacia, and retinopathy of prematurity (P>0.05). Conclusions HFOV has a better clinical efficacy than VTV in the treatment of NRDS. © 2022 Xiangya Hospital of CSU. All rights reserved.  相似文献   
7.
肺移植是终末期肺病的有效治疗方法。该文介绍了肺移植患者姑息照护的概念、必要性、开展情况、影响肺移植患者姑息照护的障碍因素、促进肺移植患者姑息照护的策略、姑息照护对肺移植患者的效果等方面,为国内肺移植患者姑息照护的发展提供借鉴,从而提高肺移植患者的生活质量。  相似文献   
8.
目的 探讨腹腔镜直肠癌手术患者术中不同模式间歇充气加压装置(intermittent pneumatic compression,IPC)预防下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)的效果。方法 2020年4月—2021年4月,在温州市某三级甲等医院结直肠外科连续选择符合纳入标准的130例拟行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法分为对照组、试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ、试验组Ⅲ。对照组围手术期采用常规护理方法预防下肢DVT。各试验组在对照组基础上,手术全程采用对应的IPC模式预防下肢DVT。试验组Ⅰ采用IPC双足模式,足底气囊加压130 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),持续6 s,放松12 s。试验组Ⅱ采用IPC双小腿模式,气囊于小腿序贯加压80 mmHg,持续12 s,放松24 s。试验组Ⅲ采用IPC双小腿+大腿模式,气囊分别从足踝、小腿、大腿部位序贯加压80、70、60 mmHg,持续24 s,放松24 s。比较4组麻醉诱导前和拔管后双下肢静脉血流动力学变化及术后血栓发生率。结果 与对照组相比,试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ:麻醉诱导前和拔管后,双侧股总静脉、股浅静脉、腘静脉的血流速度变化率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),管径变化率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后第1天下肢DVT发生率明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P=0.039,P=0.042)。与对照组相比,试验组Ⅲ:麻醉诱导前和拔管后,双侧股总静脉血流速度变化率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),各静脉管径变化率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后第1天下肢DVT发生率无改善,差异无统计学意义(P=0.820)。4组术后第7天血栓发生率差异均无统计学意义(P=0.125)。结论 术中IPC足模式和IPC小腿模式均能改善下肢血流动力学,预防腹腔镜直肠癌患者术后第1天血栓发生,且效果相近。  相似文献   
9.
总结1例重型弥漫性轴索损伤伴肺挫裂伤患者的肺康复护理经验。护理要点包括:组建多学科肺康复管理团队,实施个性化呼吸支持与降阶梯序贯氧疗护理,精准廓清呼吸道,开展一体化的早期肺功能康复锻炼。经过多学科团队合作,患者入院后第12天撤离呼吸机,第17天拔除气管插管,第20天下床活动,第37天顺利出院,随访6个月,患者恢复良好。  相似文献   
10.
目的 了解稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD) 患者报告结局现状,分析其影响因素及与炎症指标的相关性,为开展以患者为中心的早期护理干预提供依据。 方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2020年10月—2021年7月于南宁市某三级甲等医院呼吸内科门诊就诊的稳定期COPD患者作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、COPD患者报告结局量表修订版 (the Modified Patient-Reported Outcome Scale for COPD,mCOPD-PRO) 进行调查,并收集患者就诊时炎症指标的结果。采用多元线性回归分析稳定期COPD患者报告结局的影响因素,采用相关性分析探讨患者报告结局与炎症指标的关系。结果 该研究共纳入204例稳定期COPD患者,mCOPD-PRO得分为 (1.75±0.58) 分。多元线性回归分析显示,性别、合并疾病数量、病程、肺功能分级是稳定期COPD患者报告结局的影响因素 (P<0.05),可解释稳定期COPD患者报告结局10.8%的总变异。相关性分析显示,白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、嗜酸性粒细胞计数与稳定期COPD患者的mCOPD-PRO得分呈正相关 (P<0.05) ;总白蛋白浓度与其呈负相关 (P<0.05) 。结论 稳定期COPD患者报告结局有待改善,女性、合并疾病数量>3种、病程较长、肺功能分级较高的COPD患者报告的结局较差。COPD患者报告结局与白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、嗜酸性粒细胞计数、总白蛋白浓度相关。护理人员应关注稳定期COPD患者报告结局及炎症指标,在早期采取针对性的干预措施,以改善患者的生活质量。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号