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1.
目的 总结1例啮蚀艾肯菌引起鼻咽颅底感染的诊疗经验,提高对该菌感染病的认识。方法 回顾性分析1例啮蚀艾肯菌致鼻咽颅底感染患者的病例资料,并结合文献进行讨论。结果 本例患者完善内镜检查、影像学检查以及实验室检查,鼻咽颅底组织2次病理报告均为慢性肉芽肿性炎,经实验室确诊为啮蚀艾肯菌感染,予清创引流、口服抗生素2个月后,患者痊愈,术后随访3个月未复发。结论 鼻咽颅底感染临床少见,临床症状、影像学检查与鼻咽癌相似。啮蚀艾肯菌为罕见致病菌,发病率低。诊治上,需结合病理学、病原学检查明确诊断,及早清创引流、选取合适的抗感染药物。  相似文献   
2.
目的 利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)技术研究济南地区6月龄内健康婴儿鼻咽部微生态菌群分布特征,为鼻咽部微生态研究提供样本库信息。 方法 采集2019年11月至2020年4月济南地区312例6月龄内健康婴儿鼻咽拭子,增菌后,分离培养获得纯菌株;利用MALDI-TOF MS技术鉴定分离株到种置信水平;312例婴儿分为月龄≤2组、3月龄组、4月龄组和5月龄组,组间比较采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件,卡方或Fisher确切概率法统计分析。 结果 312例健康婴儿鼻咽拭子获得纯菌株741株,分属于25个属74种细菌。优势菌属为葡萄球菌属(31.6%)、棒杆菌属(30.8%)、链球菌属(18.9%)、莫拉菌属(8.6%)和狡诈球菌属(2.0%)。同时发现一些不常见菌种,例如缺陷乏氧菌、放射根瘤菌等。金黄色葡萄球菌检出率男婴(40.5%)高于女婴(26.4%),接近棒杆菌女婴(42.4%)高于男婴(27.4%)。4个年龄组中,假白喉棒杆菌检出率依次升高(10.8%、17.7%、18.9%、46.7%);肺炎链球菌检出率依次升高(2.2%、2.3%、4.1%、20.0%)。 结论 济南地区健康6月龄内婴儿鼻咽部微生态菌群以优势菌为主呈现多样化,MALDI-TOF MS是鉴定常见和不常见微生物菌种的快速、高通量技术手段。本研究可为济南地区儿童鼻咽部微生态研究提供有价值的样本库资料。  相似文献   
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BackgroundHead and neck (H&N) cancers are a heterogeneous group of malignancies, affecting various sites, with different prognoses. The aims of this study are to analyse survival for patients with H&N cancers in relation to tumour location, to assess the change in survival between European countries, and to investigate whether survival improved over time.MethodsWe analysed about 250,000 H&N cancer cases from 86 cancer registries (CRs). Relative survival (RS) was estimated by sex, age, country and stage. We described survival time trends over 1999–2007, using the period approach. Model based survival estimates of relative excess risks (RERs) of death were also provided by country, after adjusting for sex, age and sub-site.ResultsFive-year RS was the poorest for hypopharynx (25%) and the highest for larynx (59%). Outcome was significantly better in female than in male patients. In Europe, age-standardised 5-year survival remained stable from 1999–2001 to 2005–2007 for laryngeal cancer, while it increased for all the other H&N cancers. Five-year age-standardised RS was low in Eastern countries, 47% for larynx and 28% for all the other H&N cancers combined, and high in Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK), and Northern Europe (62% and 46%). Adjustment for sub-site narrowed the difference between countries. Fifty-four percent of patients was diagnosed at advanced stage (regional or metastatic). Five-year RS for localised cases ranged between 42% (hypopharynx) and 74% (larynx).ConclusionsThis study shows survival progresses during the study period. However, slightly more than half of patients were diagnosed with regional or metastatic disease at diagnosis. Early diagnosis and timely start of treatment are crucial to reduce the European gap to further improve H&N cancers outcome.  相似文献   
5.
In November 2013, a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) for all infants aged younger than 5 years was incorporated into the Japan national immunization program. An annual survey of nasopharyngeal carriage rates was performed on healthy infants aged 2–24 months from Okinawa, Japan to evaluate the effect of PCV13 on pneumococcal colonization. Of 756 evaluable infants, 203 pneumococcal strains were detected in 193 infants. The overall nasopharyngeal carriage rate was 25.5%, which was not different from our previously reported isolation rate before the introduction of PCV13. The main serotypes of the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are 15A (18.2%), non-typeable (14.8%), and 15B (11.8%). The carriage rates of pneumococcal strains with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes and PCV13 serotypes were 3.0% and 9.9%, respectively. These values were significantly lower than we reported before the introduction of PCV13. However, the carriage rates of non-PCV13 serotypes have increased. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that siblings and day care attendance are risk factors for pneumococcal carriage.  相似文献   
6.
目的 探讨鼻咽部神经内分泌癌(neuroendocrine carcinoma,NEC)的临床病理特征、免疫组化特点、治疗方法及预后。方法 回顾性分析12例NEC患者的临床和病理资料,并复习相关文献。 结果 12例患者中,男性10例,女性2例,平均年龄49.4岁,病理类型均为小细胞型NEC。光镜下可见较小瘤细胞,呈圆形、卵圆形和梭形,核深染,胞浆少,核浆比例高,伴有较明显的病理性核分裂象,染色质细腻。免疫表型:CgA、Syn、CD56和EBERs阳性或部分阳性者分别有6例、10例、9例和3例。临床分期Ⅰ期1例,Ⅱ期1例,Ⅲ期4例,Ⅳ期5例,分期不详1例。所有患者均接受放疗和(或)化疗,至随访结束存活者9例,死亡3例。结论 鼻咽部神经内分泌癌临床上较少见,好发于中老年男性,病理类型以小细胞型为主,易出现颈部淋巴转移,就诊时大部分已处中晚期,治疗以放化疗为主。  相似文献   
7.
目的探讨减轻鼻饲患者鼻咽部黏膜损伤的作用。方法选取如东县人民医院2015年5月至2017年1月105例留置16Fr复尔凯鼻胃管鼻饲患者为研究对象,使用抛硬币的方法随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组采用生理盐水口腔护理、雾化吸入、棉签蘸温开水清洁双侧鼻腔等常规护理,试验组在此基础上给予医用石蜡油滴鼻;观察两组患者置管后3天、1周、2周及拔管后鼻黏膜出血、血痂、溃疡以及咽喉部红肿、脓苔等情况。结果试验组患者置管1周、2周及拔管后鼻咽部黏膜损伤发生率显著低于对照组(均P<005)。结论石蜡油滴鼻能有效减轻鼻饲患者鼻咽部黏膜的损伤,值得临床推广应用。  相似文献   
8.
目的 在流感流行季节对流感样病例进行流感病毒筛查,分析影响流感病毒阳性检测结果的相关因素,提高流感的阳性检测率.方法 选取发热门诊就诊的流感样病例,采集鼻咽拭子,应用胶体金抗原快速检测法与巢氏PCR法进行流感病毒的检测并对比结果.分析患者就诊时间、临床症状及检测方法、采样部位等因素对阳性率的影响.结果 研究发现年龄>60岁、体温在38.0℃~38.9℃之间、发热2 d就诊的患者,流感病毒阳性检出率高于其他组;鼻拭子及咽拭子流感病毒检出率无统计学差异;不同检测方法,流感病毒胶体金抗原快速检测法阳性检出率为17.6%,核酸PCR阳性检出率为31.0%,差异有统计学意义,流感病毒胶体金抗原快速检测法的敏感性27.6%,特异性86.9%,阳性预测值48.8%,阴性预测值72.8%,与PCR的一致性为68.6%.结论 发病早期就诊的流感样病例,流感病毒阳性检出率偏高;不同标本采样部位流感病毒检出率差别不大.虽然流感病毒胶体金抗原快速检测法操作简单、方便快捷,但其敏感性偏低,且存在一定假阴性结果,而流感病毒核酸检测阳性率较高,但实验要求高,操作过程复杂.  相似文献   
9.
Metastasis to the central nervous system, either through a hematogenous route or through the cerebrospinal fluid, is extremely rare in nasopharynx cancer. We aim to expose clinical aspects, therapeutic features and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with brain metastases. We retrospectively reviewed the medical history of about 420 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated during 17 years at the university hospital of Sfax (Tunisia). Among them, three patients had brain metastasis. We excluded patients with direct extension to the brain. Tumours of the nasopharynx were locally advanced. The first patient had brain metastases at the initial diagnosis. The two other patients had brain metastases at 10 and 16 months during the follow-up. Ocular signs were the symptoms. Lesions were unique in two patients. Synchronous bone metastases were recorded in the three cases. All patients had whole brain radiation therapy and palliative chemotherapy. All patients had a progression of the disease and died. Brain metastases in nasopharynx cancer represent a rare event. Prognosis is poor, depending on age, surgical excision and synchronous metastases. Survival does not exceed 6 months.  相似文献   
10.
Today, the opportunity to see tuberculosis is decreasing. Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is a rare entity, even in endemic tuberculosis areas. A case of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is described. A 28-year-old woman presented with a sore throat. Irregular mucosal thickening was seen in the nasopharynx. Staining for acid-fast bacilli was positive (Gaffky 1), and the PCR test was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pharyngeal mucus. Computed tomography showed mucosal thickening in the pharynx and old pulmonary tuberculosis in the right upper lobe. Multiple anti-tuberculosis drug therapy was performed for 6 months. A few days after the initiation of therapy, the pharyngeal pain subsided. The irregular mucosal thickening was quite thin after 1 month of multidrug therapy and was no longer observed after 2 months. A case of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is reported. A good result was obtained with multiple anti-tuberculous drug therapy for 6 months. Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a white nasopharyngeal coating, especially in a patient with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis.  相似文献   
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