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目的 分析重庆地域社会文化因素对男男性接触人群(men who have sex with men, MSM)性取向认同和性角色的影响,进而探讨性角色与MSM人群HIV高感染风险的关联。 方法 在2020年采用定性访谈的方法,依托当地从事MSM干预的社会组织招募符合要求的30名MSM人群进行个人深入访谈。 结果 访谈发现,重庆MSM人群对其性取向有较好自我认同感,告知他人性取向时最顾虑家人感受,性角色为被插入方或兼有者相对更可能告知父母。大部分访谈对象认为重庆MSM性角色被插入方的比例较高,可能跟重庆人体型小皮肤好、女性地位高、接受多元文化等有关,也使得性角色被插入方的自我认同度增高。重庆公众对同性恋现象的包容度较强,城市的包容开放受移民文化、经济发展等因素影响,但也受一定传统文化的制约。MSM的社区亚文化,如追求性自由的享乐、道德规范较弱、新型毒品的使用使得不同性角色都面临感染HIV的高风险。 结论 重庆社会文化因素对MSM性角色的选择有一定影响,充分考虑社会文化因素无疑会有效推进艾滋病防控工作。  相似文献   
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《Vaccine》2022,40(52):7604-7612
Background and ObjectiveVaccine uptake during pregnancy remains low. Our objectives were to describe 1) development and adaptation of a clinician communication training intervention for maternal immunizations and 2) obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) clinician and staff perspectives on the intervention and fit for the prenatal care context.MethodsDesign of the Motivational Interviewing for Maternal Immunizations (MI4MI) intervention was based on similar communication training interventions for pediatric settings and included presumptive initiation of vaccine recommendations (“You’re due for two vaccines today”) combined with motivational interviewing (MI) for hesitant patients. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with ob-gyn clinicians and staff in five Colorado clinics including settings with obstetric physicians, certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and clinician-trainees. Participants were asked about adapting training to the ob-gyn setting and their implementation experiences. Feedback was incorporated through iterative changes to training components.ResultsInterview and focus group discussion results from participants before (n = 3), during (n = 11) and after (n = 25) implementation guided intervention development and adaptation. Three virtual, asynchronous training components were created: a video and two interactive modules. This virtual format was favored due to challenges attending group meetings; however, participants noted opportunities to practice skills through role-play were lacking. Training modules were adapted to include common challenging vaccine conversations and live-action videos. Participants liked interactive training components and use of adult learning strategies. Some participants initially resisted the presumptive approach but later found it useful after applying it in their practices. Overall, participants reported that MI4MI training fit well with the prenatal context and recommended more inclusion of non-clinician staff.ConclusionsMI4MI training was viewed as relevant and useful for ob-gyn clinicians and staff. Suggestions included making training more interactive, and including more complex scenarios and non-clinician staff.  相似文献   
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《Vaccine》2022,40(14):2202-2208
BackgroundIn the prevention and control of influenza, it is important for healthcare workers (HCWs) to be vaccinated and recommend influenza vaccines to their patients. However, there is limited evidence on the factors influencing uptake and promotion of influenza vaccination to patients among HCWs in China.MethodsWe conducted in-depth interviews among HCWs in community health centers, including general practitioners (GPs) and preventive health workers (PHWs), during January to February 2017. A total of 21 individuals, purposively selected from six community health centers covering central districts and remote suburbs in Beijing, were interviewed using semi-structured topic guides. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interviews and coding framework was developed both inductively and deductively.ResultsIdentified factors influencing influenza vaccine uptake included knowledge, perception and recognition, and prior experience of vaccine uptake. All PHWs conservatively recommended influenza vaccine because of concerns about potential patient–doctor disputes. GPs rarely recommended vaccination under their own initiative because vaccine promotion was not their duties. Notably, we found that the division of work was an underlying reason for the different behaviors regarding vaccine uptake and promotion between GPs and PHWs.ConclusionsOur findings highlighted a combination of misconceptions and cognitive biases limiting influenza vaccine uptake among HCWs in China. Our findings indicate that promotion of health education regarding influenza vaccination should be implemented among HCWs. Importantly, the division of work greatly affects the behaviors of HCWs. GPs, who are at the front line in the doctor–patient relationship, have a critical role in influenza vaccination programs.  相似文献   
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目的 通过定性访谈的方法探索影响生物等效性试验受试者招募的可能因素,以期提高招募速度并为保证入组质量提供参考和思路.方法 在天津中医药大学第一附属医院临床试验中心2020年9月—2021年6月开展的生物等效性试验受试者中,随机选择12名受试者作为研究对象,设计半结构式定性访谈提纲,采用个人深度访谈形式,对受试者临床试验整体认知、积极性影响因素两方面进行访谈.结果 无医学背景的受访者对临床试验认知相对不足,角色认同感较消极;受访者总体对临床试验的参与持积极态度,影响参与度的因素包含"补偿费用""药物安全性""周期""采血量""个人时间""行程/研究地点""机构硬件设施"和"护理质量"等关键词,其中以"补偿费用"和"试验药物安全性"为主要影响因素.结论 科学普及临床试验知识,增加受试者对临床试验的认知;丰富重视知情同意内容,注重沟通,做好安全性风险控制;合理设定受试者补偿费用额度,是可能提高受试者对招募回应度的可行方法.  相似文献   
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Early intervention programs for young adults with early mental illness value and promote collaboration with families. Partnership is justified in particular by the influence of family tensions on relapse and the importance of redefining ties at this stage of life. However, in practice, implementing interventions with families is still complex and gaps exist between willingness and actual practices. Early intervention programs around the world often favor a psychoeducational approach with families. However, an alternative practice with young adults developed in Finnish psychiatry under the name of “open dialogue” involves a discussion about the process of care during family sessions with the aim of improving it. Inspired by this approach to clinical our case study presents how a reflexive dialogue can be established with families, in the context of observations done within a clinical program for young adults (18 to 25 years) with early mental illness, in order to facilitate collaboration with them. For our case study, reflexive dialogue was implemented through a reflexive interview organized for the family of a 23-year-old single man living in a foster care family and treated after a first psychotic episode. The interview was done in a context of tensions within clinical staff and the family. During this reflexive interview, a member of the clinical staff not directly involved in family sessions collectively interviewed the clinical staff and the families during a semi-structured interview (Example of question for staff: Are there any issues you haven’t talked about yet? Example of question for family: Have you ever felt that you have not been heard by caregivers?). This interview is presented to the families as a way of gathering everyone's impressions of their experiences of family sessions, as freely as possible. This interview is presented as an opportunity to reorient the continuation of therapy by allowing clinicians to better adjust to family expectations. The interview takes place in three stages: (1) The interviewer turns to the caregivers and asks them questions about the family sessions. Family members listen to the answers without intervening (close to the practice of the reflexive team). (2) The interviewer turns to family members and asks them questions. Caregivers listen to their answers without intervening. (3) Family and caregivers are invited to briefly share their impressions of what was said during this interview session. A few weeks after the intervention, quantitative (adaptation of SCORE scale) and qualitative feedback on the usefulness and perception of interview was taken from the clinicians as well as the family. Results suggested that the interview was judged useful by staff and family on several dimensions like positive change in therapeutic relation after reflexive interview. The interview also positively changed the way clinical staff and parents viewed each other within the system of care. Clinical staff saw more resources of parents and parents perceiving a better relationship within clinical staff. Our results seem promising and encourage a more systematic study of reflexive interview effect on collaboration with families.  相似文献   
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Direct oral anticoagulants provide an alternative to vitamin K antagonists for the anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation (AF). The availability of several treatment options with different attributes makes shared decision‐making appropriate for the choice of anticoagulation therapy. The aim of this study was to understand how physicians choose an oral anticoagulant (OAC) for patients with AF and how physicians view patients’ participation in this decision. Semi‐structured interviews with 17 Finnish physicians (eight general practitioners and nine specialists) working in the public sector were conducted. An interview guide on experience, prescribing and opinions about oral anticoagulants was developed based on previous literature. The data were thematically analysed using deductive and inductive approaches. Based on the interviews, patient's opinion was the most influential factor in decision‐making when there were no clinical factors limiting the choice between OACs. Of patient's preferences, the most important was the attitude towards co‐payments of OACs. Patients’ opinions on monitoring of treatment, dosing and antidote availability were also mentioned by the interviewees. The choice of an OAC in AF was patient‐centred as all interviewees expressed that patient's opinion affects the choice.  相似文献   
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