天麻钩藤饮联合甲泼尼龙治疗桥本脑病临床观察

目的:观察天麻钩藤饮联合甲泼尼龙治疗桥本脑病的临床效果。方法:26例随机分为治疗组和对照组各13例,两组均用甲泼尼龙治疗,治疗组加用天麻钩藤饮治疗。结果:WAIS-R评分操作量表分、WMS-R评分量表分治疗组均低于对照组(P<0.05),日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:天麻钩藤饮联合甲泼尼龙治疗桥本脑病可改善临床症状,减轻不良反应,优于单用西药治疗。     

Liver Transplantation Following Life-threatening Abdominal Trauma: A Case Series of 5 Patients at a Single Institution

Managing traumatic liver injury (TLI) is always challenging and demands precise clinical judgment. Currently, treatment of TLI in most circumstances is non-operative; however, surgical therapy might be required for severe TLI, particularly those that result in extensive blood loss. In the current institutional study carried out from June 1995 to April 2017, we describe our experience with 5 patients who received an orthotopic liver transplant for severe TLI. One patient passed away postoperatively from cerebral edema; 1 patient died of renal failure 4 years after the liver transplantation, and 3 patients are still alive. Based on our experience, we conclude that in patients with TLI, especially those with uncontrollable bleeding or those who develop liver failure, liver transplantation should be taken into consideration.     

Dissected Aorta Repair Through Stent Implantation trial: Canadian results

Objectives

We describe the Canadian results of the Ascyrus Medical Dissection Stent (AMDS), a novel partially uncovered aortic arch hybrid graft implanted antegrade during hypothermic circulatory arrest to promote true lumen expansion and enhance aortic remodeling.

Lateral Lymph Nodes in Rectal Cancer: Do we all Think the Same? A Review of Multidisciplinary Obstacles and Treatment Recommendations

Lateral lymph nodes in low, locally advanced, rectal cancer have proven implications for local recurrence rates, which increase drastically in the presence of persistently enlarged lateral lymph nodes. These clinical implications warrant a thorough understanding of lateral nodal disease with awareness and knowledge from all three specialties involved – radiology, radiation oncology, and surgery – to ensure proper treatment. Relevant literature for each specialty, including all current guidelines and perspectives, were examined. Variations in definitions and treatment paradigms were evaluated. There is still no consensus for the standardized treatment of lateral nodal disease. Each discipline works according to their own available evidence, but relevant data are scarce. Current international guidelines and standard recommendations for the diagnostics and treatment of lateral lymph nodes are lacking. This results in differing perspectives and interpretations between the disciplines which can lead to challenging communication in an area where multidisciplinary collaboration is essential. This review addresses this by presenting the current evidence, perspectives and practices of each specialty and makes suggestions for each phase of the diagnostic and treatment process for patients with lateral nodal disease. By doing this, steps are taken toward achieving international consensus, and multidisciplinary collaboration.     

甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠对自身免疫性肺气肿模型大鼠氧化应激和抗内皮细胞抗体的影响

目的:研究甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠对自身免疫性肺气肿模型大鼠氧化应激和抗内皮细胞抗体(AECA)的影响。方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和干预组,每组8只。除对照组大鼠腹腔注射等体积的完全弗氏佐剂外,模型组和干预组大鼠均腹腔注射体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞+完全弗氏佐剂混合物以复制自身免疫性肺气肿模型;造模给药后第2天,干预组大鼠腹腔注射甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠10 mg/(kg·d),对照组和模型组大鼠均腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水,每日1次,连续21 d。末次给药后,取各组大鼠右肺组织制作石蜡切片并行苏木精-伊红染色,观察肺组织病理变化,测量单位面积内的肺泡数(MAN)和内衬间隔(MLI);检测左肺肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,以及BALF和血清中AECA含量。采用Pearson分析模型组大鼠BALF中AECA与MDA、GSH、SOD、GSH-Px的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织可见明显的肺气肿病理变化,其MAN显著减少,MLI显著延长(P<0.01);BALF中GSH含量和SOD、GSH-Px活性均显著降低,BALF中MDA含量以及BALF、血清中AECA含量均显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,干预组大鼠肺组织的肺气肿病理变化明显改善,其MAN显著增加,MLI显著缩短(P<0.01);BALF中GSH含量和SOD、GSH-Px活性均显著升高;BALF中MDA含量以及BALF、血清中AECA含量均显著降低(P<0.01)。模型组大鼠BALF中的AECA与MDA呈正相关(r=0.710,P<0.05),与GSH、SOD、GSH-Px呈负相关(r=-0.754、-0.781、-0.736,P<0.05)。结论:甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠可能通过减轻氧化应激反应、抑制AECA的表达,从而达到预防自身免疫性肺气肿的目的。     

Report of a combination of remdesivir,intravenous methylprednisolone pulse,and tocilizumab for severe coronavirus disease: 20-case series at a single institution

Many drugs have been marketed for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, the disease that has caused a worldwide pandemic. However, in reported clinical trials, almost 30% of patients with COVID-19 did not show any health improvement. The 28-day survival rate was 69.5% when patients who required highflow oxygen therapy (HFNC), ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) management were treated with remdesivir. The mortality rate of patients receiving 6 mg dexamethasone was 27%, and that of patients treated with tocilizumab and steroids was 31%. These results are unsatisfactory, and treatment for patients with severe respiratory failure has not yet been established. In our institution, we used remdesivir, methylprednisolone (mPSL) pulse therapy, and tocilizumab in 20 patients with COVID-19 whose PaO2/FIO2 (P/F) ratio was <200, and obtained good results for this combination therapy without any adverse events. In this study, we report the possible efficacy and safety of this treatment.     

Outcome of early-stage combination treatment with favipiravir and methylprednisolone for severe COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of 11 cases

Although the use of corticosteroids is not recommended in the World Health Organization statement for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), steroid therapy may be indicated for critical cases in specific situations. Here, we report the successful treatment of 11 cases of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with favipiravir and methylprednisolone. All cases were severe and patients required oxygen administration or had a blood oxygen saturation ≤93% on room air. All were treated with favipiravir and methylprednisolone, and 10 of 11 patients responded well and required no further oxygen supplementation or ventilator management. This study shows the importance of the early-stage use of a combination of favipiravir and methylprednisolone in severe cases to achieve a favorable clinical outcome.