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1.
BackgroundIn transfusion-related iron overload, haem-derived iron accumulation in monocytes/macrophages is the initial event. When iron loading exceeds the ferritin storage capacity, iron is released into the plasma. When iron loading exceeds transferrin binding capacity, labile, non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) appears and causes organ injury. Haemin-induced cell death has already been investigated; however, whether NTBI induces cell death in monocytes/macrophages remains unclear.Material and MethodsHuman monocytic THP-1 cells were treated with haemin or NTBI, particularly ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) or ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS). The intracellular labile iron pool (LIP) was measured using an iron-sensitive fluorescent probe. Ferritin expression was measured by western blotting.ResultsLIP was elevated after haemin treatment but not after FAC or FAS treatment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death induction were remarkable after haemin treatment but not after FAC or FAS treatment. Ferritin expression was not different between the FAC and haemin treatments. The combination of an iron chelator and a ferroptosis inhibitor significantly augmented the suppression of haemin cytotoxicity (p = 0.011).DiscussionThe difference in LIP suggests the different iron traffic mechanisms for haem-derived iron and NTBI. The Combination of iron chelators and antioxidants is beneficial for iron overload therapy.  相似文献   
2.
BackgroundStenotrophomonas maltophilia, a species of highly genetic diversity, has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. S. maltophilia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are often co-isolated from pneumonia patients. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that the pacIRA cluster present in some but not all clinical S. maltophilia isolates. Proteins encoded by pacIRA operon are an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor, a transmembrane anti-sigma regulator, and a TonB-dependent receptor. This study aimed to elucidate PacIRA system function and its significance to S. maltophilia.MethodsThe pacI, pacR, and pacA genes were individually or totally deleted from the chromosome of KJΔEnt, a pacIRA-positive and siderophore-null strain. Growth promotion assay was performed to examine the implication of pacIRA system in iron utilization. Gene expression was quantified by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Growth competition assay was executed to investigate the significance of pacIRA operon to S. maltophilia.ResultsPacIRA system contributed to utilize ferri-pyochelin of P. aeruginosa as iron sources for growth in an iron-depleted condition, but hardly utilized ferric citrate, hemin, ferri-stenobactin, and ferri-pyoverdine. PacIRA was founded to belong to Fur regulon and upregulated in response to iron-depleted stress. Growth competition assay demonstrated that pacIRA-positive S. maltophilia had a superiority over pacIRA-negative S. maltophilia in iron acquisition when they were co-cultured in P. aeruginosa ferri-pyochelin-supplemented medium.ConclusionsPacIRA system of S. maltophilia is a xenosiderophore uptake implement, involving in the acquisition of pyochelin of P. aeruginosa.  相似文献   
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目的 探讨我国弓形虫Chinese 1优势基因型感染对宿主脑组织铁代谢及脑损伤的影响。方法 将20只C57BL/6(体质量15~17 g)小鼠随机分为对照组和感染组,每组10只。感染组每只小鼠腹腔注射4 000个弓形虫Chinese 1优势基因型TgCtwh3虫株速殖子,对照组小鼠注射等量无菌PBS,饲养6 d后处死小鼠并取其脑组织。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP⁃MS)检测小鼠脑组织铁元素水平;采用RNA芯片检测两组小鼠脑组织差异基因数目并对功能基因表达情况进行基因本体论(Gene Ontology, GO)功能富集;采用实时荧光定量PCR(fluorescent quantitative real⁃time PCR, qPCR)技术检测小鼠脑组织中弓形虫表面抗原1(Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen 1,TgSAG1)基因及部分锌铁调控蛋白(Zrt⁃ and Irt⁃like protein, ZIP)家族mRNA表达水平;采用光镜和电镜观察小鼠脑组织海马齿轮回(dentate gyrus, DG)超微结构;采用Western blotting检测谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4, GPx4)蛋白表达水平;采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法检测丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)水平;采用免疫组化检测血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)蛋白表达光密度(optical density, OD)值。结果 光镜下可见感染组小鼠脑组织海马DG区细胞坏死,电镜下见感染组小鼠脑组织海马区出现胞质空泡化、核皱缩坏死、线粒体嵴断裂消融、自噬小体增加等超微结构变化。与对照组相比,感染组小鼠脑组织中铁元素水平上调[(32.92 ± 0.90) µg/g vs.(37.72 ± 1.10) µg/g;t = 3.397, P < 0.01];RNA芯片检测感染组小鼠脑组织发现721个基因上调、276个基因下调,差异表达基因在金属离子结合能力上有明显富集。与对照组相比,感染组小鼠脑组织金属元素转运体ZIP2 mRNA表达水平上调(t = 8.659,P < 0.05)、GPx4表达下降[(1.046 ± 0.025) vs. (0.720 ± 0.101);t = 3.129,P < 0.01])、MDA水平升高[(4.37 ± 0.33) nmol/mgprot vs.(5.93 ± 0.54) nmol/mgprot;t = 2.451,P < 0.05)]、VEGF蛋白平均OD值上调[(0.348 3 ± 0.017 8) vs. (0.490 6 ± 0.010 5);t = 6.641,P < 0.01]。结论 Chinese 1优势基因型弓形虫感染后,小鼠脑组织中铁元素蓄积、抗氧化能力下调、氧化应激水平升高,提示弓形虫感染可影响宿主脑组织铁代谢而导致脑损伤。  相似文献   
5.
子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)虽为一种常见的妇科良性疾病,却有侵袭、浸润、远处转移等恶性行为。铁死亡(ferroptosis)是一种新发现的程序性细胞死亡,主要特征表现为细胞内游离二价铁(Fe2+)过量介导芬顿反应产生羟基自由基,细胞内抗氧化酶谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4受抑制,细胞膜脂质发生过氧化导致细胞死亡。EMs病灶表现为铁死亡抵抗,这一特征导致异位内膜清除障碍并促进其增殖与迁移;而部分细胞又可通过铁死亡促进血管生成。铁死亡导致的精子和卵细胞损伤及胚胎毒性则进一步导致EMs相关性不孕。  相似文献   
6.
IntroductionAlthough hyperferritinemia may reflect the inflammatory status of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), approximately 33% of hyperferritinemia cases reflect real hepatic iron overload.AimTo evaluate a non-invasive method for assessing mild iron overload in patients with NAFLD using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxometry, serum hepcidin, and the expression of ferritin subunits.MethodsThis cross-sectional study assessed patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. MRI relaxometry was performed using a 3T scanner in all patients, and the results were compared with iron content determined by liver biopsy. Ferritin, hepcidin, and ferritin subunits were assessed and classified according to ferritin levels and to siderosis identified by liver biopsy.ResultsA total of 67 patients with NAFLD were included in the study. MRI revealed mild iron overload in all patients (sensitivity, 73.5%; specificity, 70%). For mild (grade 1) siderosis, the transverse relaxation rate (R2*) threshold was 58.9 s?1 and the mean value was 72.5 s?1 (SD, 33.9), while for grades 2/3 it was 88.2 s?1 (SD, 31.9) (p < 0.001). The hepcidin threshold for siderosis was > 30.2 ng/mL (sensitivity, 87%; specificity, 82%). Ferritin H and ferritin L subunits were expressed similarly in patients with NAFLD, regardless of siderosis. There were no significant differences in laboratory test results between the groups, including glucose parameters and liver function tests.ConclusionsMRI relaxometry and serum hepcidin accurately assessed mild iron overload in patients with dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome.  相似文献   
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Background and aimWhile there is evidence that iron overload disorders are associated with type 2 diabetes, the relationship between hepatic iron overload and prediabetes remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between hepatic iron overload, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and different glucose intolerance states in the population-based Study.Methods and resultsWe included data from 1622 individuals with MRI data, who did not have known type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Using an oral glucose tolerance testing, participants were classified as having isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), combined IFG and IGT (IFG + IGT) or previously unknown T2DM. Hepatic iron and fat contents were assessed through quantitative MRI. We undertook linear and multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders and MRI-assessed hepatic fat content to examine the association of hepatic iron overload with different glucose intolerance states or continuous markers of glucose metabolism.MRI-assessed hepatic iron overload was positively associated only with both 2-h plasma glucose (β = 0.32; 95%CI 0.04–0.60) and the combined IFG + IGT category (relative risk ratio = 1.87; 95%CI 1.15–3.06). No significant associations were found between hepatic iron overload and other glucose intolerance states or biomarkers of glucose metabolism, independently of potential confounders.ConclusionsMRI-assessed hepatic iron overload was associated with higher 2-h glucose concentrations and the combined IFG + IGT category, but not with other glucose intolerance states. Our findings suggest a weak adverse impact of hepatic iron overload on glucose metabolism, but further studies are needed to confirm these findings.  相似文献   
9.

Background

Salt and water accumulation leading to fluid overload is associated with increased mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but diuretics' effects on patient outcomes are uncertain. In this first version of the GODIF trial, we aimed to assess the effects of goal-directed fluid removal with furosemide versus placebo in adult ICU patients with fluid overload.

Methods

We conducted a multicentre, randomised, stratified, parallel-group, blinded, placebo-controlled trial in clinically stable, adult ICU patients with at least 5% fluid overload. Participants were randomised to furosemide versus placebo infusion aiming at achieving neutral cumulative fluid balance as soon as possible. The primary outcome was the number of days alive and out of the hospital at 90 days.

Results

The trial was terminated after the enrolment of 41 of 1000 participants because clinicians had difficulties using cumulative fluid balance as the only estimate of fluid status (32% of participants had their initially registered cumulative fluid balance adjusted and 29% experienced one or more protocol violations). The baseline cumulative fluid balance was 6956 ml in the furosemide group and 6036 ml in the placebo group; on day three, the cumulative fluid balances were 1927 ml and 5139 ml. The median number of days alive and out of hospital at day 90 was 50 days in the furosemide group versus 45 days in the placebo group (mean difference 1 day, 95% CI -19 to 21, p-value .94).

Conclusions

The use of cumulative fluid balance as the only estimate of fluid status appeared too difficult to use in clinical practice. We were unable to provide precise estimates for any outcomes as only 4.1% of the planned sample size was randomised.  相似文献   
10.
铁死亡是一种新型程序性细胞死亡方式,其特征是细胞内铁超载诱导脂质过氧化物产生并在细胞内大量积累导致细胞死亡。心力衰竭是严重的心功能障碍,心肌细胞的减少是导致其发生发展的主要原因。最近研究表明,在心力衰竭中发生了铁死亡,并证实铁死亡在其发病过程中发挥了至关重要的作用。本文拟就铁死亡的机制及其对心力衰竭的影响进行综述。  相似文献   
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