IL - 22与糖尿病关系的研究进展

目的 本文总结了近年来白细胞介素22 (interleukin 22, IL - 22)与糖尿病(diabetes mellitus，DM)发病关系的研究，希望能为DM的防治及病情评估提供较为可行的策略靶点。方法 本文资料来源于中国知网、PubMed等数据库，以IL - 22、糖尿病、胰岛素、糖异生等关键词进行检索得到。结果 IL - 22可增加胰岛素分泌、促进胰岛素信号转导及维持葡萄糖稳态，参与DM发生、发展及病情演变。结论 IL - 22可通过多个环节参与DM的发病及病情演变，以IL - 22为靶点对于防治DM具有重要参考价值。     

胰岛素泵强化治疗对初治2型糖尿病的疗效及预后

目的探析胰岛素泵强化治疗对初治2型糖尿病的疗效及对预后的影响。方法将2017年8月到2018年12月我院收治的120例初治2型糖尿病患者作为主要研究对象,采用数字随机表法将其分为两组,60例/组。对照组采用胰岛素皮下注射强化治疗,观察组采用胰岛素泵强化治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后的血糖变化情况和预后相关指标。结果治疗后两组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化果糖胺水平均明显低于治疗前,且观察组明显低于对照组,有显著差异;两组患者治疗后的胰岛素抵抗指数均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异显著;观察组患者的血糖达标时间短于对照组,胰岛素用量少于对照组,组间比较存在显著差异;观察组的低血糖发生率显著低于对照组,有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论采用胰岛素泵强化治疗对初治2型糖尿病患者而言效果显著,能够降低患者的血糖值,缩短血糖达标时间,减少胰岛素的剂量,且预后佳,更值得进一步推广应用。     

西格列汀联合二甲双胍治疗肥胖型2型糖尿病的疗效及对体脂含量情况分析

目的研究肥胖型2型糖尿病患者联合采用西格列汀、二甲双胍治疗的临床效果。方法选择2018年10月—2020年4月该院100例肥胖型2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,采用随机数表法分成常规组和治疗组,每组50例。常规组予二甲双胍治疗,治疗组予二甲双胍+西格列汀治疗。比较两组治疗效果、血糖指标、体脂含量、胰岛功能指标及不良反应。。结果两组治疗效果比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后常规组血糖指标高于治疗组,差异有统计学意义(t=8.183、4.828、18.158,P<0.05)。治疗后常规组体脂含量高于治疗组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.993、7.657、4.420,P<0.05)。治疗后两组胰岛功能比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.898、5.283、16.033,P<0.05)。常规组不良反应总发生率低于治疗组,但差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.136,P=0.712)。结论西格列汀、二甲双胍联合治疗肥胖型2型糖尿病效果确切。     

Correlation analysis of intestinal flora and pathological process of type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveTo observe the relationship between the different stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the intestinal flora and verify its underlying mechanism.MethodsT2DM rats were generated by high-fat diet (HFD) combined with intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The rats were divided into four groups: the control group (fed with normal feed for 1 month), the HFD group (fed with HFD for 1 month), the T2DM group (HFD combined with STZ and blood glucose ≥11.1 mM), and the unformed T2DM model (Un-mod) group (HFD combined with STZ and blood glucose <11.1 mM). Feces were collected, and bacterial communities in the fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces was measured by gas chromatography. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and GPR43.ResultsAt different stages of T2DM, the intestinal flora and SCFAs content of rats were significantly decreased (all P < .05). Our results indicated that g__Prevotella had a significant negative correlation, and g__Ruminococcus_torques_group and g__lachnoclastic had a significant positive correlation with blood glucose. The content of SCFAs, in particular acetate and butyrate, in rat feces of different stages of T2DM were significantly reduced, as well as GPR41 and GPR43 expression. The results in the Un-mod group were similar to the T2DM group, and the expression of GPR41 and GPR43 proteins were significantly higher than those in the T2DM group (both P < .001).ConclusionThe intestinal flora–SCFAs–GPR41/GPR43 network may be important in the development of T2DM. Decreasing blood glucose levels by regulating the intestinal flora may become a new therapeutic strategy for T2DM, which has very important clinical and social values.     

Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Current Strategies,Unfocussed Aspects,Challenges, and Alternatives

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for >90% of the cases of diabetes in adults. Resistance to insulin action is the major cause that leads to chronic hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. T2DM is the consequence of activation of multiple pathways and factors involved in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Also, the etiology of T2DM involves the complex interplay between genetics and environmental factors. This interplay can be governed efficiently by lifestyle modifications to achieve better management of diabetes. The present review aims at discussing the major factors involved in the development of T2DM that remain unfocussed during the anti-diabetic therapy. The review also focuses on lifestyle modifications that are warranted for the successful management of T2DM. In addition, it attempts to explain flaws in current strategies to combat diabetes. The employability of phytoconstituents as multitargeting molecules and their potential use as effective therapeutic adjuvants to first line hypoglycemic agents to prevent side effects caused by the synthetic drugs are also discussed.     

2型糖尿病患者使用胰岛素治疗期间的药师指导

目的探讨药师参与2型糖尿病患者在使用胰岛素治疗过程中对患者治疗效果的影响。方法选择该院在2019年5月—2020年5月门诊收治的200例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,随机分为实验组和观察组,每组100例,实验组患者在治疗期间药师参与患者治疗全过程;观察组按照常规治疗方案进行治疗;观察患者各项指标变化情况。结果实验组在经过药师指导后,糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、患者用药依从性明显优于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论药师参与2型糖尿病患者使用胰岛素治疗期间,能够明显提高患者的治疗效果和生活质量,实现了医药护理共同协作,值得被医护人员在临床中广泛应用,并进行大力推广及宣传。     

Physical activity as a proxy to ameliorate inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease at high cardiovascular risk

While the beneficial impact of physical activity has been ascertained in a variety of pathological scenarios, including diabetes and low-grade systemic inflammation, its potential remains still putative for periodontal health. Periodontal disease has been associated with inflammatory systemic alterations, which share a common denominator with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Physical exercise, along with nutritional counseling, is a cornerstone in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes, also able to reduce the prevalence of periodontal disease and cardiovascular risk. In addition, considering the higher incidence of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy controls, the fascinating research question would be whether physical activity could relieve the inflammatory pressure exerted by the combination of these two diseases. This multi-disciplinary viewpoint discusses available literature in order to argument the hypothesis of a “three–way relationship” linking diabetes, periodontitis, and physical activity.     

Serum retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance in patients with early and untreated rheumatoid arthritis

ObjectiveRetinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), systemic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) are linked, yet the determinants of RBP4 and its impact on IR in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of IR in RA and investigate whether the serum levels of RBP4 were associated with IR in patients with RA.MethodsIn this study, 403 individuals with newly diagnosed and untreated RA were consecutively recruited. We calculated the Disease Activity Score assessed using 28-joint counts for swelling and tenderness (DAS28). Levels of serum RBP4, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α were tested. IR was defined as Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index greater than or equal 2.40.ResultsIn those 403 patients, 68 (16.9%) were male and the median age was 43 years (IQR: 36–52). There was an evidently positive correlation between increased serum levels of RBP4 and increasing severity of RA (DAS28) (r = 0.403, P < 0.001). Furthermore, a modest positive correlation between levels of serum RBP4 and HOMA-IR score (r = 0.251; P < 0.0001) was found. Eighty-five patients (21.1%) in patients with RA were defined as IR (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.40), which was significantly higher than in normal cases (4.7%). In the patients with IR, serum levels of RBP4 were higher when compared with those in patients free-IR P < 0.001. The IR distribution across the quartiles of RBP4 ranged between 5.0% (first quartile) to 39.0% (fourth quartile), P for trend < 0.001. For each 1unit increase of RBP4, the unadjusted and adjusted risk of IR increased by 8% (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05–1.11, P < 0.001) and 5% (1.05; 1.02–1.09, P = 0.001), respectively. When RBP4 was added to the model containing established significant risk factors, AUROC (standard error) was increased from 0.768 (0.025) to 0.807(0.021). A significant difference in the AUC between the established risk factors alone and the addition of RBP4 was observed (difference, 0.039[0.004]; P = 0.02).ConclusionElevated serum levels of RBP4 were associated with increased risk of IR and might be useful in identifying RA at risk for IR and/or impaired glucose tolerance for early prevention strategies, especially in obese and women patients