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1.
目的:调查门诊PICC患者健康信息搜寻行为与健康行为能力现状,分析两者相互关系,为门诊PICC患者管理提供支持。方法:采用便利抽样法,选择2020年2月至12月天津某三级甲等医院门诊138例PICC患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、健康信息搜寻行为量表(HISB)和健康行为能力量表(SRAHP)进行横断面调查,采用Pearson相关分析法探讨健康信息搜寻行为与健康行为能力的关系。结果:门诊PICC患者健康信息搜寻行为总分为(158.46±15.70)分,各维度得分由高到低依次为信息需求、信息搜寻态度、获取信息障碍、信息来源。健康行为能力总分为(99.24±9.77)分,整体处于较高水平,其中良好87例(63.1%),一般46例(33.3%),较差5例(3.6%);各维度得分为营养(24.91±3.46)分,运动(25.17±3.35)分,心理安适(24.15±3.14)分,健康责任(25.01±2.72)分。Pearson相关分析显示,健康信息搜寻行为总分及信息搜寻态度、信息需求、信息来源与健康行为能力总分及各维度得分均呈正相关(r=0.263~0.462,P<0.05);获取信息障碍与健康行为能力总分及各维度得分呈负相关(r=-0.168~-0.251,P<0.05)。结论:门诊PICC患者健康信息搜寻行为态度处于中等水平,信息需求水平较高,但搜寻途径较为受限,存在一定程度信息获取障碍;患者信息搜寻态度越积极,健康行为能力越高。建议医护人员基于患者健康信息需求导向,依据其信息搜寻行为特点,对患者掌握资讯的不足提供个性化指导和多种形式健康教育,提高患者健康行为能力,改善健康结局。 相似文献
2.
目的:探索真实世界中生脉注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床特征及合并用药规律。方法:对2214例冠心病心绞痛患者医院信息系统中的临床特征数据进行描述性分析,并利用关联规则算法挖掘生脉注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛的联合用药规律。结果:男性患者共996例(44.99%),少于女性的1196例(54.02%);患者的平均年龄(72.1±12.36)岁,其中66~85岁的患者最多,共1544例(69.74%);住院病情以一般者为最多,共945例(42.68%);患者的平均住院天数为(21.96±16.26)d,其中住院天数在15~28 d的患者最多,共865例(39.07%);本研究中生脉注射液用药途径主要为静脉滴注(共1768例,占79.86%);通过静脉滴注的用药方式应用生脉注射液的单次剂量平均为(54.09±18.09)mL;其中41~60 mL者最多,共1008例(57.01%);生脉注射液的平均用药(5.4±6.49)d;生脉注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛最常用的合并用药组合为丹红注射液→单硝酸异山梨酯、速效救心丸-丹红注射液→单硝酸异山梨酯、阿伐他汀→乙酰水杨酸、单硝酸异山梨酯-美托洛尔→乙酰水杨酸。结论:经过对冠心病心绞痛患者医院信息系统(HIS)数据的严格清洗以及标准化,可通过数据挖掘技术对其进行临床特征及用药规律的挖掘分析,并为临床医生提供一定的参考,具有重要的研究意义。 相似文献
3.
《Journal of pediatric surgery》2023,58(9):1694-1698
BackgroundThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic provided a natural experiment to study the effect of social distancing on the risk of developing Hirschsprung's Associated Enterocolitis (HAEC).MethodsUsing the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS), a retrospective cohort study of children (<18 years) with Hirschsprung's Disease (HSCR) across 47 United States children's hospitals was performed. The primary outcome was HAEC admissions per 10,000 patient-days. The exposure (COVID-19) was defined as April 2020–December 2021. The unexposed (historical control) period was April 2018–December 2019. Secondary outcomes included sepsis, bowel perforation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mortality, and length of stay.ResultsOverall, we included 5707 patients with HSCR during the study period. There were 984 and 834 HAEC admissions during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, respectively (2.6 vs. 1.9 HAEC admissions per 10,000 patient-days, incident rate ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.74 [0.67, 0.81], p < 0.001). Compared to pre-pandemic, those with HAEC during the pandemic were younger (median [IQR]: 566 [162, 1430] days pandemic vs. 746 [259, 1609] days pre-pandemic, p < 0.001) and more likely to live in the lowest quartile of median household income zip codes (24% pandemic vs. 19% pre-pandemic, p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in rates of sepsis (6.1% pandemic vs. 6.1% pre-pandemic, p > 0.9), bowel perforation (1.3% pandemic vs. 1.2% pre-pandemic, p = 0.8), ICU admissions (9.6% pandemic vs. 12% pre-pandemic, p = 0.2), mortality (0.5% pandemic vs. 0.6% pre-pandemic, p = 0.8), or length of stay (median [interquartile range]: 4 [(Pastor et al., 2009; Gosain and Brinkman, 2015) 2,112,11 days pandemic vs. 5 [(Pastor et al., 2009; Tang et al., 2020) 2,102,10 days pre-pandemic, p = 0.4).ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic was associated with significantly decreased incidence of HAEC admissions across US children's hospitals. Possible etiologies such as social distancing should be explored.Level of evidenceII. 相似文献
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5.
【目的】 对我国学术期刊关联数据出版与共享中的信息安全管理的概念、政策及其存在的问题进行梳理,有助于科学数据出版与共享工作的推进。【方法】 基于我国科学数据出版与共享的演化过程,以及地理资源期刊在科学数据共享方面的现状与发展情况,对期刊论文关联数据出版和安全管理情况进行分析,对平台间合作的模式进行探讨。【结果】 为实现科学数据的价值最大化,中国自上而下建立起了科学数据共享系统,包括网络基础设施、数据库、数据中心、数据服务平台等,制定了一系列数据获取和管理规范,并制定了保障科学数据信息安全的相关法律。【结论】 科学数据出版与共享应建立在安全的基础上。经过初期的大规模建设后,数据出版与共享及其安全管理应走向“提质增效”阶段,要注重高新技术的注入和专业人才的培养。在管理措施上要以保证数据安全为基础,以数据质量为核心,从而提升信息安全管理水平,提高数据再应用效率。 相似文献
6.
《Patient education and counseling》2022,105(6):1488-1494
ObjectiveWe aimed at developing a pilot version of an app (Rosa) that can perform digital conversations with breast or ovarian cancer patients about genetic BRCA testing, using chatbot technology, to identify best practices for future patient-focused chatbots.MethodsWe chose a commercial chatbot platform and participatory methodology with a team of patient representatives, IT engineers, genetic counselors and clinical geneticists, within a nationwide collaboration. An iterative approach ensured extensive user and formal usability testing during the development process.ResultsThe development phase lasted for two years until the pilot version was completed in December 2019. The iteration steps disclosed major challenges in the artificial intelligence (AI)-based matching of user provided questions with predefined information in the database, leading initially to high level of fallback answers. We therefore developed strategies to reduce potential language ambiguities (e.g. BRCA1 vs BRCA2) and overcome dialogue confusion. The first prototype contained a database with 500 predefined questions and 67 corresponding predefined answers, while the final version included 2257 predefined questions and 144 predefined answers. Despite the limited AI functionality of the chatbot, the testing revealed that the users liked the layout and found the chatbot trustworthy and reader friendly.ConclusionsBuilding a health chatbot is challenging, expensive and time consuming with today’s technology. The users had a positive attitude to the chatbot, and would use it in a real life setting, if given to them by health care personnel.Practice implicationsWe here present a framework for future health chatbot initiatives. The participatory methodology in combination with an iterative approach ensured that the patient perspective was incorporated at every level of the development process. We strongly recommend this approach in patient-centered health innovations. 相似文献
7.
以“七麦数据”网站收录的中医移动医疗App作为研究对象,采用网络调查法和文献分析法,根据“七麦数据”对移动医疗App的分类,结合中医移动医疗App的信息服务内容和特点,将筛选出的中医移动医疗App划分为医疗健康类、中医养生类、知识传播类、全面综合类,并根据“七麦数据”网站中对各类中医移动医疗App的打分及累计下载量筛选出最具代表性的12款中医移动医疗App,从全面性、人性化、安全性、实用性4个一级指标和40个二级指标对其信息服务现状进行评价,指出当前中医移动医疗App信息服务存在的问题并提出建议。 相似文献
8.
【目的】 探索医学期刊的知识服务实践,为医学期刊的科学传播创新提供参考。【方法】 以《中华医学杂志》为研究对象,采用案例研究法和文献分析法进行系统研究。【结果】 借助继续医学教育、微信平台、重要文章发布会、数据库,以及优先出版、按需出版、开放阅读等方式,《中华医学杂志》打造多元化场景的知识服务、联结传播渠道,从而使得科学共同体和公众读者获得较好的知识服务体验。【结论】 医学期刊的知识服务实践应以科学传播为宗旨,在实现增值服务的同时,推进科学知识在科学共同体和普通读者间的传播。 相似文献
9.
《Value in health》2022,25(5):824-834
ObjectivesThe Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Preference score (PROPr) can be used to assess health state utility (HSU) and estimate quality-adjusted life-years in cost-effectiveness analyses. It is based on item response theory and promises to overcome limitations of existing HSU scores such as ceiling effects. The PROPr contains 7 PROMIS domains: cognitive abilities, depression, fatigue, pain, physical function, sleep disturbance, and ability to participate in social roles and activities. We aimed to compare the PROPr with the 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) in terms of psychometric properties using data from 3 countries.MethodsWe collected PROMIS-29 profile and EQ-5D-5L data from 3 general population samples (United Kingdom = 1509, France = 1501, Germany = 1502). Given that cognition is not assessed by the PROMIS-29, it was predicted by the recommended linear regression model. We compared the convergent validity, known-groups construct validity, and ceiling and floor effects of the PROPr and EQ-5D-5L.ResultsThe mean PROPr (0.48, 0.53, 0.48; P<.01) and EQ-5D-5L scores (0.82, 0.85, 0.83; P<.01) showed significant differences of similar magnitudes (d = 0.34; d = 0.32; d = 0.35; P<.01) across all samples. The differences were invariant to sex, income, occupation, education, and most conditions but not for age. The Pearson correlation coefficients between both scores were r = 0.74, r = 0.69, and r = 0.72. PROPr’s ceiling and floor effects both were minor to moderate. The EQ-5D-5L’s ceiling (floor) effects were major (negligible).ConclusionsBoth the EQ-5D-5L and the PROPr assessed by the PROMIS-29 show high validity. The PROPr yields considerably lower HSU values than the EQ-5D-5L. Consequences for quality-adjusted life-year measurements should be investigated in future research. 相似文献
10.
Cari Levy MD PhD Sheryl Zimmerman PhD Vincent Mor PhD David Gifford MD Sherry A. Greenberg PhD RN GNP-BC Juliet Holt Klinger MA Cathy Lieblich MA Sunny Linnebur PharmD Angie McAllister BA Arif Nazir MD Douglas Pace NHA Robyn Stone PhD Barbara Resnick PhD RN CRNP Philip D. Sloane MD Joseph Ouslander MD Joseph E. Gaugler PhD 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2022,70(3):709-717
Randomized controlled trials are considered the most rigorous research design in efficacy and effectiveness research; however, such trials present numerous challenges that limit their applicability in real-world settings. As a consequence, pragmatic trials are increasingly viewed as a research design that overcomes some of these barriers with the potential to produce findings that are more reproducible. Although pragmatic methodology in long-term care is receiving increasing attention as an approach to improve successful dissemination and implementation, pragmatic trials present complexities of their own. To address these complexities and related issues, experts with experience conducting pragmatic trials, developing nursing home policy, participating in advocacy efforts, and providing clinical care in long-term care settings participated in a virtual consensus conference funded by the National Institute on Aging in Spring 2021. Participants identified 4 cross-cutting principles key to dissemination and implementation of pragmatic trial interventions: (1) stakeholder engagement, (2) diversity and inclusion, (3) organizational strain and readiness, and (4) learn from adaptations. Participants emphasized that implementation processes must be grounded in the perspectives of the people who will ultimately be responsible for implementing the intervention once it is proven to be effective. In addition, messaging must speak to long-term care staff and all others who have a stake in its outcomes. Although our understanding of dissemination and implementation strategies remains underdeveloped, this article is designed to guide long-term care researchers and community providers who are increasingly aware of the need for pragmatism in disseminating and implementing evidence-based care interventions. 相似文献