综合护理对糖尿病低血糖患者的护理效果研究

目的探讨综合护理对糖尿病低血糖患者再发低血糖的几率的影响。方法选择2017年6月-2018年8月辽宁省人民医院接收的糖尿病低血糖患者100例为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各50例。其中观察组实施综合护理,对照组实施常规护理,比较两组症状改善时间、住院时间、不良事件发生情况。结果观察组症状改善时间和住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对糖尿病低血糖患者应用综合护理可获得较好的护理效果,降低其再发低血糖的几率,值得临床推广应用。     

Factors associated with clinically significant hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes using sensor-augmented pump therapy with predictive low-glucose management: A multicentric study on iberoamerica

Background and aimsDespite using sensor-augmented pump therapy (SAPT) with predictive low-glucose management (PLGM), hypoglycemia is still an issue in patients with type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Our aim was to determine factors associated with clinically significant hypoglycemia (<54 mg/dl) in persons with T1D treated with PLGM-SAPT.Methodology: This is a multicentric prospective real-life study performed in Colombia, Chile and Spain. Patients with T1D treated with PLGM-SAPT, using sensor ≥70% of time, were included. Data regarding pump and sensor use patterns and carbohydrate intake from 28 consecutive days were collected. A bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analysis was carried out, to evaluate the association between the number of events of <54 mg/dl with the clinical variables and patterns of sensor and pump use.Results188 subjects were included (41 ± 13.8 years-old, 23 ± 12 years disease duration, A1c 7.2% ± 0.9). The median of events <54 mg/dl was four events/patient/month (IQR 1–10), 77% of these events occurred during day time. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of events of hypoglycemia were higher in patients with previous severe hypoglycemia (IRR1.38; 95% CI 1.19–1.61; p < 0.001), high glycemic variability defined as Coefficient of Variation (CV%) > 36% (IRR 2.09; 95%CI 1.79–2.45; p < 0.001) and hypoglycemia unawareness. A protector effect was identified for adequate sensor calibration (IRR 0.77; 95%CI 0.66–0.90; p:0.001), and the use of bolus wizard >60% (IRR 0.74; 95%CI 0.58–0.95; p:0.017).ConclusionIn spite of using advanced SAPT, clinically significant hypoglycemia is still a non-negligible risk. Only the identification and intervention of modifiable factors could help to prevent and reduce hypoglycemia in clinical practice.     

Family Physician Clinical Inertia in Managing Hypoglycemia

AimsClinical inertia behaviour affects family physicians managing chronic disease such as diabetes. Literature addressing clinical inertia in the management of hypoglycemia is scarce. The objectives of this study were to create a measurement for physician clinical inertia in managing hypoglycemia (ClinInert_InHypoDM), and to determine physicians’ characteristics associated with clinical inertia.MethodsThe study was a secondary analysis of data provided by family physicians from the InHypo-DM Study, applying exploratory factor analysis. Principal axis factoring with an Oblimin rotation was employed to detect underlying factors associated with physician behaviors. Multiple linear regression was used to determine association between the ClinInert_InHypoDM scores and physician characteristics.ResultsFactor analysis identified a statistically sound 12-item one-factor scale for clinical inertia behavior. No statistically significant differences in clinical inertia score for the studied independent variables were found.ConclusionsThis study provides a scale for assessing clinical inertia in the management of hypoglycemia. Further testing this scale in other family physician populations will provide deeper understanding about the characteristics and factors that influence clinical inertia. The knowledge derived from better understanding clinical inertia in primary care has potential to improve outcomes for patients with diabetes.     

Hypoglycemia unawareness in type 1 diabetes patients using intermittent continuous glucose monitoring: Identification of risk factors and glycemic patterns

BackgroundHypoglycemia unawareness designates failure to detect eminent hypoglycemia. Clarke's questionnaire is one of the most used systems to evaluate this problem.AimsTo relate Clarke's questionnaire (QQ) results with continuous glucose monitoring data.MethodsApplication of the questionnaire in a sample of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients using intermittent continuous glucose monitoring (iCGM).Results111 T1DM patients were evaluated, 56.8% female, mean age 35.0 ± 12.4 years and mean disease duration 18.8 ± 10.5 years.According to CQ, 13.5% had unawareness, 76.6% awareness and 9.9% indeterminate awareness to hypoglycemia. Those with unawareness had longer disease duration (25.1 ± 10.4 vs 18.2 ± 10.3 for awareness and 14.9 ± 9.9 for indeterminate awareness, p = 0.047), more time below range (10.3 ± 4.9% vs 6.3 ± 5.1 and 6.3 ± 4.8; p = 0.009) and higher mean duration of hypoglycemia (131.7 ± 38.6 vs 116.6 ± 49.6 and 131.7 ± 38.6; p = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, mean duration of hypoglycemia was an independent predictor of CQ results. In a receiver operating curve (AUC 0.746; p = 0.004) a mean duration of hypoglycemia ≥106.5 min showed 84.6% sensitivity/64.4% specificity for unawareness.ConclusionsOur sample had a significative prevalence of hypoglycemia unawareness which increased with longer diabetes duration. iCGM data can be indicative of this problem, with a mean hypoglycemia duration ≥106.5 min being suggestive, albeit unspecific.     

新生儿低血糖脑损伤早期MRI表现及其演变

目的 通过对低血糖患儿进行低血糖后早期、动态的MRI检查,结合临床特征探讨不同程度低血糖脑损伤患儿的MRI改变。方法 选取我院2005年5月至2013年7月以低血糖收入院,在低血糖后1周内完善首次常规MRI及弥散加权成像（diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI）检查确诊为新生儿低血糖脑损伤的患儿49例。其中34例在低血糖发生后2～3周完善第2次MRI检查,7例完善第3次MRI检查。结果 49例患儿首次MRI均有顶、枕部受累;顶、枕部受累为主33例,顶、枕部合并额叶、颞叶受累6例,弥漫性皮层及皮层下白质受累10例。均表现为受累部位DWI高信号,T1和T2加权像信号改变不明显。部分患儿合并深部脑白质及灰质受累表现。34例患儿第2次MRI检查,有20例表现为损伤部位DWI低信号,T1加权像低信号,T2加权像高信号,3例较前略吸收,11例未见异常信号。7例患儿完善第3次复查,分别出现脑软化,髓鞘发育落后,白质容积减小,胼胝体发育不良。对比不同程度脑损伤患儿的临床症状,发现临床症状较重者脑损伤也较重。结论 低血糖脑损伤具有顶、枕部易损性。低血糖后1周内完善DWI检查对急性期低血糖脑损伤有提示作用。MRI动态观察发现轻症损伤可恢复。损伤较重的患儿可出现坏死及脑软化。部分合并深部白质、灰质损伤的病例,不能除外缺氧缺血所致。