非布司他治疗慢性肾脏病伴高尿酸血症的临床效果分析

目的对非布司他治疗慢性肾脏病伴高尿酸血症的临床效果进行研究.方法46例慢性肾脏病伴高尿酸血症患者,随机分为常规组与科研组,各23例.常规组采用别嘌醇片治疗,科研组采用非布司他治疗.比较两组治疗前后尿酸、血尿素氮、血肌酐水平及药物不良反应发生情况.结果治疗后,科研组血尿酸、血尿素氮及血肌酐水平分别为(290.92±59.12)μmmol/L、(13.06±5.23)mmol/L、(269.12±52.42)μmmol/L,低于常规组的(520.81±60.14)μmmol/L、(15.81±5.73)mmol/L、(293.34±56.18)μmmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).科研组药物不良反应发生率4.35%低于常规组的43.48%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论慢性肾脏病伴高尿酸血症采用非布司他进行治疗,能够明显降低患者的尿酸、血尿素氮、血肌酐水平,不良反应少,安全性高,疗效确切.     

Chronic tophaceous gout as the first manifestation of gout in two cases and a review of the literature

ObjectivesAcute gout is a common arthritis that may eventually develop into chronic tophaceous gout (CTG). CTG usually is manifested by recurrent gout attacks. The diagnosis and treatment of CTG is challenging. Although the emergence of CTG without previous gout attacks is uncommon, it is important to recognize this unusual gout presentation.MethodsHerein, we present two cases of CTG, occurring in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on diuretics, who presented without a prior history of acute gout attacks. We also searched PUBMED, Ovid MEDLINE, and Google scholar (1970–2017), for “tophi as the initial manifestation of gout” and “chronic gout without previous attacks”, and extracted relevant data.ResultsThe search disclosed one retrospective study and several case reports and case series describing 96 patients. Clinical and laboratory data was extracted from 34 patients. We found that a specific group of patients, e.g., elderly patients, most often female patients, suffering from CKD, and treated with diuretics, are specifically reported in the English medical literature to present with CTG as their first manifestation of gout.ConclusionThe two cases and our literature review try to emphasize the many faces of chronic gout, in particular, its presentation without previous gout attacks.     

老年体检人群高尿酸血症流行现况及影响因素分析研究

背景　高尿酸血症（HUA）与多种慢性病密切相关，是继高血压、高血糖、高血脂之后的“第四高”。上海市浦东新区高东社区人口老龄化严重，但尚不清楚该社区老年人群HUA的流行状况。目的　调查上海市高东社区老年人群HUA的流行现状及可能危险因素，为HUA及相关慢性病的防治和社区管理提供依据。方法　基于高东社区卫生服务中心2018年3-5月开展的60岁以上老年人健康体检项目，调查内容主要包括健康档案信息收集、体格检查及实验室检查，分析HUA患病率以及人群分布，采用非条件Logistic回归模型筛选HUA的影响因素。结果　8 600名老年体检人群的HUA粗患病率和标化患病率分别为21.76%（男性24.15%，女性19.66%）和24.10%（男性24.21%，女性20.58%）；男性HUA粗患病率高于女性（χ2=25.312，P<0.001）；60~69岁年龄组，男性HUA粗患病率高于女性（χ2=51.121，P<0.001）；70~79岁及≥80岁年龄组，不同性别HUA患病率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；总体及不同性别HUA粗患病率均随年龄的增长而增高（P<0.001）。HUA组和非HUA组社区老年体检人群性别、年龄、退休前职业、文化程度、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、运动情况、高血压、中心性肥胖、肥胖、CKD、冠心病、高脂血症、痛风患病率、白细胞计数、总蛋白、血清清蛋白、丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示，性别〔OR=1.27，95%CI（1.11，1.45）〕、年龄〔OR=1.01，95%CI（1.00，1.02）〕、饮酒情况〔经常饮酒对比从不饮酒OR=1.43，95%CI（1.19，1.70）〕、运动情况〔经常运动对比不运动OR=0.84，95%CI（0.73，0.98）〕、高血压〔OR=1.47，95%CI（1.30，1.66）〕、糖尿病〔是，血糖控制不佳对比否OR=0.76，95%CI（0.65，0.88）〕、中心性肥胖〔OR=1.29，95%CI（1.13，1.48）〕、肥胖〔OR=1.43，95%CI（1.23，1.66）〕、CKD〔OR=4.59，95%CI（3.91，5.38）〕、痛风〔OR=5.07，95%CI（3.54，7.28）〕、白细胞计数〔OR=1.08，95%CI（1.04，1.11）〕、总蛋白〔OR=1.04，95%CI（1.03，1.06）〕、血清清蛋白〔OR=1.03，95%CI（1.01，1.05）〕、丙氨酸氨基转移酶〔OR=1.01，95%CI（1.00，1.01）〕与社区老年体检人群HUA患病有回归关系（P<0.05）。结论　上海市高东社区老年体检人群HUA患病率较高，且与许多不良临床指标有关联，需加强社区居民HUA的防治。     

运脾化浊法治疗脾虚型高尿酸血症回顾性研究

目的 评价运脾化浊法治疗脾虚型高尿酸血症患者的临床疗效。方法 使用回顾性研究的方法，检索天津市中医药研究院附属医院的电子病历系统，收集近5年住院的脾虚型高尿酸血症患者，选择接受运脾化浊法治疗的45例患者为运脾化浊组，采用倾向性评分匹配法匹配以接受常规西医治疗的45例患者为常规治疗组，疗程均为2周。比较两组患者治疗前后血尿酸水平、脾虚证症状评分。结果 治疗后两组患者血尿酸水平均较治疗前降低（P＜0.05），两组患者降尿酸达标率（运脾化浊组40%、常规治疗组55.56%）以及降尿酸疗效相近（P＞0.05）。治疗后运脾化浊组脾虚证症状评分较治疗前降低（P＜0.05），且降低幅度较常规治疗组更大（P＜0.05）；两组中医症状疗效比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 采用运脾化浊法治疗脾虚型高尿酸血症，可降低患者的血尿酸水平且明显改善其脾虚证症状。     

Epidemiology of gout and hyperuricemia in New Caledonia

ObjectivesNew Caledonia is a Pacific island of 270,000 inhabitants with mixed ethnicities, including Polynesians (10.2%), people from European ancestry (27.2%), and Melanesians (39.1%),. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the general population and the various ethnicities of New Caledonia.MethodsA 3-degree random sample of the population aged 18 to 60 years was adjusted according to the 2014 New Caledonia census. Face-to-face planned interviews and physical measurements were performed by trained nurses. All consenting participants underwent capillary measurement of creatinine; all consenting men and only women older than 40 years underwent point-of-care uricemia testing. Gout was defined by a validated algorithm. Two definitions of hyperuricemia were used: capillary level equivalent to plasma uric acid level > 360 μmol/l (6 mg/dl) and > 420 μmol/l (7 mg/dl) and/or urate-lowering drug treatment for both thresholds.ResultsWe included 1144 participants (adjusted mean age 37.7 ± 12.0 years; adjusted sex ratio 50.4% men). The adjusted prevalence of gout was 3.3% (95% confidence interval 2.2–4.9). Prevalence was 6.7% (2.5–16.8), 4.1% (1.8–8.9), and 2.6% (1.4–4.7) for Polynesians, Europeans and Melanesians, respectively, and 1.9% (0.5–6.6) for other ethnicities. Prevalence of hyperuricemia, determined in 658 participants, was 67.0% (61.9–71.6) and 37.0% (32.3–42.0) for the 360- and 420-μmol/l thresholds, respectively, and was significantly greater for Polynesians and Melanesians than Europeans for both thresholds.ConclusionsThe prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in New Caledonia was high, including in patients of European descent.     

高尿酸血症相关脑血管病的研究进展

高尿酸血症与血管内皮功能障碍、动脉粥样硬化及心脑血管事件发生密切相关。高尿酸 血症与卒中发生及预后相关研究的结论存在争议，更多的研究倾向高尿酸血症增加了卒中发生风险， 而在卒中患者预后方面，近期研究表明尿酸水平升高可改善其预后，主要得益于尿酸的抗氧化及神 经保护作用等。同时，高尿酸血症可增加脑小血管病的发生风险，从而引起认知功能下降。     

Investigation of the transport of xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitors by the urate transporter ABCG2

Hyperuricemia induces gout and kidney stones and accelerates the progression of renal and cardiovascular diseases. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) is a urate transporter, and common dysfunctional variants of ABCG2, non-functional Q126X (rs72552713) and semi-functional Q141K (rs2231142), are risk factors for hyperuricemia and gout. A recent genome wide association study suggested that allopurinol, a serum uric acid-lowering drug that inhibits xanthine dehydrogenase, is a potent substrate of ABCG2. In this study, we aimed to examine the transport of xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitors via ABCG2. Our results show that ABCG2 transports oxypurinol, an active metabolite of allopurinol, whereas allopurinol and febuxostat, a new xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor, are not substrates of ABCG2. The amount of oxypurinol transported by ABCG2 vesicles significantly increased in the presence of ATP, compared to that observed with mock vesicles. Since the half-life of oxypurinol is longer than that of allopurinol, the xanthine dehydrogenase-inhibiting effect of allopurinol mainly depends on its metabolite, oxypurinol. Our results indicate that the serum level of oxypurinol would increase in patients with ABCG2 dysfunction.     

从慢性肾脏病角度看高尿酸血症与痛风的指南更新要点

随着社会发展及人们生活方式的改变,高尿酸血症（HUA）与痛风的发病率显著上升,并有年轻化趋势。目前HUA已成为仅次于糖尿病的第二大代谢性疾病,其不仅是慢性肾脏病（CKD）的常见并发症,而且是导致CKD发生和发展的重要原因。基于新的研究证据,国内外有关HUA与痛风诊治指南不断更新,并提出较多新观点。本文主要从CKD角度对国内外有关HUA与痛风的指南更新要点进行解读,并结合相关研究证据从初始降尿酸治疗指征、降尿酸治疗药物的选择、痛风急性发作的管理、碱化尿液、维生素C的使用方面进行分析和探讨,旨在为临床综合性、个体化治疗提供借鉴和帮助。     

中药对高尿酸血症患者肠道菌群影响的研究进展

高尿酸血症是痛风发病的重要病理基础,可引发痛风性关节炎、痛风石、痛风性肾病,引起关节破坏、肾功能损伤等并发症。人体内约1/3的尿酸通过肠道代谢,近年来研究发现肠道菌群与高尿酸血症密切相关。中药在降尿酸方面具有显著的疗效性和良好的安全性,可能与肠道菌群的调节有关。运用转录组学、代谢组学及宏基因组学等测序技术分析口服中药后肠道微生物多样性、种群结构及基因表达的变化,阐述中药与肠道菌群的相互作用机制是目前研究的重要方向。本综述总结了该领域最新研究进展,展望了未来的研究趋势。     

痛风病的国内外认识及治疗进展与思考

痛风病是指与高尿酸血症、尿酸盐沉积密切相关的进展性代谢疾病,已成为我国第二大类代谢疾病。通过梳理和总结国内外痛风相关疾病的指南和专家共识以及中医对痛风病的认识,对痛风病的中西医认识进展进行综述。以及基于对痛风病的认识,总结中西医治疗痛风病的研究进展,以期为痛风病的诊疗及研究提供参考。