Anticoagulantes orales directos en cirugía dermatológica

Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have emerged as safer, easier-to-manage alternatives to traditional vitamin K antagonists and are used increasingly because they require no monitoring, have a wider therapeutic window, and react less with other drugs. However, there is little consensus on optimal perioperative management when these drugs are used in dermatologic surgery. This article describes the characteristics of DOACs and reviews current evidence on their use in this setting.     

How to tackle complications in radial procedures: Tip and tricks

Transradial interventions (TRI) are becoming increasingly popular because of accumulating recent evidence suggesting improved survival and reduced morbidity. Complications, though rare, do occur, especially for operators on their learning curve. The complications are best prevented by utilization of proper technique. Forearm hematoma are preventable and easy to treat, but a delay in detecting and managing them can lead to disastrous consequences compartment syndrome being the most dreaded one. This review deals with tips and tricks to prevent as also treat the common and rare complications.     

Study on chemical constituents of Folium Artemisiae argyi Carbonisatum,toxicity evaluation on zebrafish and intestinal hemostasis

Folium Artemisiae argyi Carbonisatum (FAAC) is a traditional medicine widely used in clinic. It has the effect of hemostasis by warming meridians. In order to further explore the chemical composition and biological activity of FAAC, the methanol extract of FAAC was isolated and purified by open column and high- performance liquid chromatography. and the complete structure was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and LREI-MS for the first time, namely rutin, quercetin and octacosanol respectively. Initially the toxic effect of methanol extract of FAAC on zebrafish was evaluated by observing the phenotypic characteristics, spontaneous twitch times, heart rate, hatching rate, the distance of SV-BA and cardiomyocyte apoptosis of zebrafish. The results showed that FAAC has embryonic development toxicity and cardiotoxicity when it was higher than 62.5 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the hemostatic effect of methanol extract of FAAC was compared with FAA (Folium Artemisia argyi) by zebrafish intestinal bleeding model originally. The results showed that the hemostatic effect of the medium and high concentration dose groups (3.0 and 30.0 μg/mL) was enhanced for both FAAC and FAA. This study provided an experimental basis for the clinical application of FAAC.     

包皮环切术中不同止血方法对手术效果影响的比较

目的 探讨包皮环切术中采用双极电凝与丝线结扎两种止血方法对手术效果,尤其是术后男性性功能的影响.方法 将350例拟行包皮环切术患者随机分为A、B两组,术中分别采用双极电凝止血法及丝线结扎止血法控制术中出血,术后均随访6个月.比较两组术中情况、术后并发症发生率.应用简易男性性功能评价表（Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory,BMSFI）评价术前及术后6个月性功能变化情况.结果 所有患者手术顺利.A组手术时间、术中失血量较B组减少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组术后总并发症发生率、术后出血及血肿发生率、硬结及疤痕发生率较B组均下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组术后总体性满意度升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,B组术后性功能评分较术前差异无统计意义.结论 包皮环切术中应用双极电凝止血可缩短手术时间,减少术中失血量,减少术后并发症,改善术后男性性功能.     

382例心内直视术后无再次开胸止血的处理

目的 分析体外循环心内直视术后出血的处理效果。方法 回顾分析382例心内直视术后出血的围术期处理的临床资料。结果 本组手术止血效果良好，无再次开胸止血病例。结论 仔细的手术止血技术及围术期及时处理凝血功能异常，可显著减少再次开胸止血的发生率。     

Prognostic value of the activated partial thromboplastin time after orthotopic liver transplantation

Summary In this prospective study, we evaluated the predictive value of activated partial thromboplastin time on day 8 post transplantation for event-free survival in patients who had had orthotopic liver transplants; both death and retransplantation within 6 months were the events considered. In a 4-year period, 109 patients had orthotopic liver transplants in our hospital, and 104 were eligible for the study since they survived and were not given new transplants within 8 days. The activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly longer in patients who survived event-free for less than 6 months than in those with longer event-free survivals. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with normal activated partial thromboplastin times were nine times more likely to survive more than 6 months without events than patients with prolonged values. The positive predictive value of activated partial thromboplastin time for event-free survival was 88% and the negative predictive value was 54%, indicating that the test is useful for predicting patient outcome. We suggest that activated partial thromboplastin time be performed on day 8 post transplantation to predict the medium-term event-free survival.     

Optimización transfusional en el trasplante de hígado usando terapia guiada por pruebas viscoelásticas

BackgroundAssess the reduction of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) transfusion in liver transplantation (LT) after the introduction of the thromboelastometry as intraoperative coagulation monitor.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study (n = 92), randomized into two groups: group A (control), in whom transfusion therapy was based on conventional laboratory tests (CLT), and group B (ROTEM), whose blood transfusion was performed as protocolized algorithms, guided by thromboelastometry (ROTEM). We analyzed packed red blood cells (PRBCs) units, transfused units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), platelets units, fibrinogen and tranexamic acid. We used the chi square test for the comparison of proportions and Student's t test to compare means when the distribution was normal. Otherwise, Mann-Whitney U test was performed.ResultsIn group A 84.8% of patients required transfusion of PRBCs, with a median (IQR) of 4 (1.5-6), compared with 67.4% in group B with a median (IQR) of 2 (0-4) (P < .05). We also found differences in the following variables: FFP transfusion rate was 84.8% with a median (IQR) of 5 (2-12) IU in group A and 56.5% (median (IQR) of 1 (0-4.5) in B (P < .001) and in the fibrinogen administration, that was 6.5% in group A and 34.8% in group B (P < .01). Backward stepwise logistic regression model showed associations between the clamping time, the preoperative hemoglobin, the portal hypertension (PHT) and being or not in the treatment group and the need for perioperative transfusion. We didn’t find significant differences in the incidence of complication during the early postoperative period between the two groups.ConclusionsThe introduction of thromboelastometry (ROTEM) measurements in hemostatic therapy algorithms reduces the transfusion rate of FFP and PRBCs during liver transplantation. The using of ROTEM derived thresholds leads to detecting higher requirements of fibrinogen compared to conventional laboratory tests.     

氩离子凝固术治疗消化道息肉的应用价值

目的探讨氩离子凝固术的临床应用价值,评估其安全性及疗效。方法对2004年1月至2006年1月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院消化內镜诊疗中心就诊的70例消化道息肉患者,采用德国ERBE公司生产的APC300EA型内镜下专用氩气刀,对广基扁平息肉进行经内镜下氩离子凝固术(APC)根除治疗。其中,直径在0.2~0.8cm广基、扁平息肉仅行APC切除治疗,直径在1.0~2.0cm的细蒂或粗蒂及宽基底大息肉行高频电切局部创面渗血,再行APC止血治疗。结果本组病例全部临床治愈。其中,一次成功切除50余枚息肉2例,20余枚2例,10余枚3例,仅用圈套器一次成功切除结肠多发有蒂大息肉30余枚2例。术后仅有2例患者出现无症状的局部黏膜下气泡,1周后复查无其他并发症发生。结论APC结合高频电切在各种消化道息肉病变治疗中安全性好,可有效止血,副反应少,操作简便,尤其是在扁平、广基息肉的治疗中可作为首选方法。     

Risk of thromboembolic complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

A large number of hemostasis measurements complications were performed in 20 patients with inflammatory bowel disease; whose changes have been associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic. Of the 20 patients, 9 (45%) had one or more changes suggestive of activation of the hemostatic system. Such changes were more frequently observed in patients with active disease. Two patients had changes in the fibrinolytic system (high plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels) and 2 in the natural anticoagulants (low antithrombin III activity). Nine patients had increased plasma fibrinogen levels and 6 patients had slightly increased levels of anticardiolipin antibodies. Most of the changes observed were not related to the type, location or activity of the disease. These data show that various biochemical abnormalities may be found in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which may account for their increased risk of thrombosis, and suggest that multiple mechanisms may interact in determining such complications.