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1.
目的:调查门诊PICC患者健康信息搜寻行为与健康行为能力现状,分析两者相互关系,为门诊PICC患者管理提供支持。方法:采用便利抽样法,选择2020年2月至12月天津某三级甲等医院门诊138例PICC患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、健康信息搜寻行为量表(HISB)和健康行为能力量表(SRAHP)进行横断面调查,采用Pearson相关分析法探讨健康信息搜寻行为与健康行为能力的关系。结果:门诊PICC患者健康信息搜寻行为总分为(158.46±15.70)分,各维度得分由高到低依次为信息需求、信息搜寻态度、获取信息障碍、信息来源。健康行为能力总分为(99.24±9.77)分,整体处于较高水平,其中良好87例(63.1%),一般46例(33.3%),较差5例(3.6%);各维度得分为营养(24.91±3.46)分,运动(25.17±3.35)分,心理安适(24.15±3.14)分,健康责任(25.01±2.72)分。Pearson相关分析显示,健康信息搜寻行为总分及信息搜寻态度、信息需求、信息来源与健康行为能力总分及各维度得分均呈正相关(r=0.263~0.462,P<0.05);获取信息障碍与健康行为能力总分及各维度得分呈负相关(r=-0.168~-0.251,P<0.05)。结论:门诊PICC患者健康信息搜寻行为态度处于中等水平,信息需求水平较高,但搜寻途径较为受限,存在一定程度信息获取障碍;患者信息搜寻态度越积极,健康行为能力越高。建议医护人员基于患者健康信息需求导向,依据其信息搜寻行为特点,对患者掌握资讯的不足提供个性化指导和多种形式健康教育,提高患者健康行为能力,改善健康结局。  相似文献   
2.
炎症参与了多囊卵巢综合征、子宫内膜异位症、妇科肿瘤等多种疾病的发生、发展,同时也可影响男性生殖功能。饮食在调节慢性炎症中发挥重要作用。膳食炎症指数(dietary inflammation index,DII)是一种新的临床膳食评估工具,将饮食分为促炎饮食和抗炎饮食,用于评估个人膳食整体的炎症潜力。研究显示,促炎饮食与生殖相关疾病的发生风险增加有关,抗炎饮食则与生殖相关疾病的发生风险降低有关。促炎饮食及其组分可升高机体内的炎症水平,促使慢性子宫内膜炎、多囊卵巢综合征、卵巢癌及子宫内膜癌等多种疾病的发生,也可对男性精子浓度和总活力等产生影响,从而导致不孕不育。综述DII与生殖相关疾病的关系和临床机制,并从疾病的预防和控制方面提出饮食建议,以期为临床治疗和护理提供参考。  相似文献   
3.
目的检索、总结并评价国内外结肠镜检查前肠道准备的最佳证据。方法系统检索国内外专业协会网站、指南网及数据库中关于结肠镜检查前肠道准备的最佳证据。检索时限为从建库至2020年11月30日。由2~4名研究者进行文献质量评价,并对纳入的文献进行证据提取。结果最终纳入12篇文献,包括临床决策1篇,循证指南3篇,证据总结2篇,系统评价6篇。形成了肠镜检查前患者评估、健康教育、肠道准备方法、饮食调整、口服泻药、肠道准备质量评估及失败后补救措施等7个主题的19条证据。结论患者肠镜检查过程中,护理人员、病区医生及内镜医生应密切合作,落实患者评估、健康教育、饮食及药物发放、肠道准备质量评估与反馈等相关措施,帮助患者完成高质量的肠镜检查。  相似文献   
4.
BackgroundUnderstanding how vegetables are incorporated into the diet, especially in the types and amounts recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and how this alters dietary intake patterns is vital for developing targeted behavior change interventions.ObjectiveTo determine how a provision of vegetables was incorporated into the diet of adults with overweight and obesity; whether or not the provided vegetables displaced other foods; and what, if any, effect this had on diet quality and body weight and composition.DesignThis study investigated secondary outcomes from the Motivating Value of Vegetables Study, a community-based, randomized, parallel, nonblinded controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to a provided vegetable intervention or attention control group using a one to one allocation ratio.Participants/settingMen and women with self-reported low vegetable consumption, aged 18 to 65 years, with a body mass index ≥25 were recruited from Grand Forks, ND, between October 2015 and September 2017. Only participants randomized to the provided vegetable intervention group (n = 51; attrition = 8%) were included in this secondary analysis.InterventionDietary Guidelines for Americans recommended types and amounts of vegetables were provided weekly for 8 weeks.Main outcome measuresHow the provided vegetables were incorporated into the diet was measured using daily self-report and 24-hour dietary recalls. Diet quality was assessed via the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Body weight and composition were measured before and after the intervention.Statistical analyses performedData were assessed using generalized linear mixed models where phase (pre, post) was the within-subject factor and subject was the random effect.ResultsParticipants self-reported using 29% of the provided vegetables as substitutes for other foods. With the increase in vegetable consumption, there were decreases in total grains (mean difference ± standard deviation; –0.97 ± 3.23 oz-equivalents; P = 0.02), protein foods (–1.24 ± 3.86 oz-equivalents; P = 0.01), saturated fats (–6.44 ± 19.63 g; P = 0.02), and added sugars (–2.44 ± 6.78 tsp-equivalents; P = 0.02) consumed. Total Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores increased (+4.48 ± 9.63; P = 0.001) and dietary energy density decreased (–0.44 ± 0.52 kcal/g; P < 0.0001). There was no change in total energy intake or body weight and composition.ConclusionsIncreasing vegetable consumption to meet Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations alters dietary intake patterns, improving diet quality and energy density. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing how individuals incorporate Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations into their diet.  相似文献   
5.
背景 广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD)是常见的慢性精神疾病,常伴有不同程度的认知功能损害,严重影响患者的生活质量及社会功能。 目的 比较GAD住院患者与健康对照者认知功能的差异。 方法 选取2018年8月至2020年1月在南方医科大学南方医院住院治疗的GAD患者为GAD组(n=30),同期通过广告在南方医科大学南方医院住院患者陪护人员中招募年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者为健康对照组(n=30)。使用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和Beck自杀意念量表中文版(BSI-CV)进行心理测评,采用精神运动警觉性任务(PVT)、Go/No-go联想任务、N-back任务分别评估认知功能的注意、抑制及工作记忆功能。比较两组一般情况、量表测评总分及认知功能差异,进一步采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究GAD住院患者和健康对照者的认知功能差异。 结果 GAD组HAMA、HAMD总分和最严重情况时BSI-CV总分及最严重情况时存在自杀意念者所占比例高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。N-back任务:GAD组1-back击中目标率(NBACK1a)、2-back击中目标率(NBACK2a)低于健康对照组,1-back击中目标的平均反应时(NBACK1b)长于健康对照组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,NBACK1a〔OR=0.946,95%CI(0.898,0.997),P=0.038〕、NBACK1b〔OR=1.007,95%CI(1.000,1.014),P=0.042〕是GAD的影响因素。 结论 与健康对照者相比,GAD住院患者的工作记忆较差,需要临床关注。  相似文献   
6.
BACKGROUND Wheat and other gluten-containing grains are widely consumed,providing approximately 50%of the caloric intake in both industrialised and developing countries.The widespread diffusion of gluten-containing diets has rapidly led to a sharp increase in celiac disease prevalence.This condition was thought to be very rare outside Europe and relatively ignored by health professionals and the global media.However,in recent years,the discovery of important diagnostic and pathogenic milestones has led to the emergence of celiac disease(CD)from obscurity to global prominence.These modifications have prompted experts worldwide to identify effective strategies for the diagnosis and follow-up of CD.Different scientific societies,mainly from Europe and America,have proposed guidelines based on CD's most recent evidence.AIM To identify the most recent scientific guidelines on CD,aiming to find and critically analyse the main differences.METHODS We performed a database search on PubMed selecting papers published between January 2010 and January 2021 in the English language.PubMed was lastly accessed on 1 March 2021.RESULTS We distinguished guidelines from 7 different scientific societies whose reputation is worldwide recognized and representative of the clinical practice in different geographical regions.Differences were noted in the possibility of a no-biopsy diagnosis,HLA testing,follow-up protocols,and procedures.CONCLUSION We found a relatively high concordance between the guidelines for CD.Important modifications have occurred in the last years,especially about the possibility of a no-biopsy diagnosis in children.Other modifications are expected in the next future and will probably involve the extension of the non-invasive diagnosis to the adult population and the follow-up modalities.  相似文献   
7.
BackgroundVoices for Food was a longitudinal community, food pantry–based intervention informed by the social ecological model, and designed to improve food security, dietary intake, and quality among clients, which was carried out in 24 rural food pantries across 6 Midwestern states.ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate changes in adult food security, dietary intake, and quality from baseline (2014) to follow-up (2016), and to assess the role of adult food security on dietary outcomes.DesignA multistate, longitudinal, quasi-experimental intervention with matched treatment and comparison design was used to evaluate treatment vs comparison group changes over time and changes in both groups over time.Participants/settingAdult food pantry clients (n = 617) completed a demographic food security survey, and up to three 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline (n = 590) and follow-up (n = 160).InterventionCommunity coaching served as the experimental component, which only “treatment” communities received, and a food council guide and food pantry toolkit were provided to both “treatment” and matched “comparison” communities.Main outcome measuresChange in adult food security status, mean usual intakes of nutrients and food groups, and Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores were the main outcome measures.Statistical analyses performedLinear mixed models estimated changes in outcomes by intervention group and by adult food security status over time.ResultsImprovements in adult food security score (–0.7 ± 0.3; P = .01), Healthy Eating Index-2010 total score (4.2 ± 1.1; P < .0001), and empty calories component score (3.4 ± 0.5; P <.0001) from baseline to follow-up were observed in treatment and comparison groups, but no statistically significant changes were found for adult food security status, dietary quality, and usual intakes of nutrients and food groups between the 2 groups over time. The intervention effect on dietary quality and usual intake changes over time by adult food security status were also not observed.ConclusionsFood pantry clients in treatment and comparison groups had higher food security and dietary quality at the follow-up evaluation of the Voices for Food intervention trial compared with baseline, despite the lack of difference among the groups as a result of the experimental coaching component.  相似文献   
8.
刘兰秋  赵越 《中国全科医学》2022,25(19):2320-2324
21世纪的日本"少子高龄化"特征明显,发展居家安宁疗护、构建完备的居家安宁疗护服务体系,是日本卫生服务提供体制改革的重要方向。本文介绍了日本居家安宁疗护的含义与理念,以及关于居家安宁疗护服务提供机构、提供人员、提供内容及费用保障的法律规定,提示我国在条件成熟时应尽快健全安宁疗护相关立法,在卫生服务提供体系框架下实现居家安宁疗护的稳定发展,建立并强化安宁疗护过程中的协作机制,并为居家安宁疗护提供必要的经费保障,通过完善的制度设计保障老年人"居家善终"的权益。  相似文献   
9.
BackgroundThe Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a clinical test that aims to assess postural control. Its interpretation is related to the understanding of the motor specificities required. Adjustments must be made to the center of pressure (COP) to maintain balance during testing movements. Comprehend the specifics of these adjustments for each direction can allow the development of more suitable exercises for balance training. The aim was to compare the positions of the COP on the different directions of the SEBT and correlate the reachs obtained in the SEBT with the distances from the COP to the borders of the base of support (BOS).MethodsSixteen healthy subjects participated in the study. Measurements were made by performing the SEBT over the force platform. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to compare directions. The Pearson correlation test was used to check the correlation of parametric variables and Spearman correlation test for the nonparametric ones.ResultsThe position of the COP at the touch differs from the anterior direction to the other directions of the SEBT and the performance in this direction is correlated with the proximity of the COP to the anterior limit of the support base. The performances in the other directions did not correlate with the COP position.ConclusionThe requirements of the compensation mechanisms for postural control are different between the directions of the SEBT.  相似文献   
10.
2型糖尿病(T2DM)是一种常见的慢性代谢性疾病。近年来,随着国内外相关指南的不断更新,T2DM患者的身体活动建议日趋完善,但在日常活动过程中仍有难点有待解决。2022年2月,美国运动医学会(ACSM)和美国糖尿病协会(ADA)在2010年《运动和2型糖尿病》的基础上进行了更新,针对不同年龄段T2DM患者的身体活动、最佳活动时机、医疗干预与身体活动的有效性、身体活动和饮食注意事项等方面提供了新的临床指导建议。本文对2022年指南的主要内容及重点更新内容进行解读,并提出对我国临床工作者开展T2DM患者运动/身体活动干预的建议。  相似文献   
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