Influences of simulated gastrointestinal environment on physicochemical properties of gold nanoparticles and their implications on intestinal epithelial permeability

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) hold great promise in food, industrial and biomedical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, influences of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), a likely route for Au NPs administration, on the physicochemical properties of Au NPs has been rarely evaluated. Here, we investigated the influence of GIT fluids on the physicochemical properties of Au NPs (5, 50, and 100?nm) and their implications on intestinal epithelial permeability in vitro. Au NPs aggregated in fasted gastric fluids and generated hydroxyl radicals in the presence of H₂O₂. Cell studies showed that GIT fluids incubation of Au NPs affected the cellular uptake of Au NPs but did not induce cytotoxicity or disturb the intestinal epithelial permeability.     

Maîtrise des risques liés à la production des fluides de dialyse dans une unité de télédialyse

Objective

The “Centre Hospitalier Francois Dunan” is located on an isolated island and ensures patients care in hemodialysis thanks to telemedicine support. Many research studies have demonstrated the importance of hemodialysis fluids composition to reduce morbidity in patients on chronic hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to identify the risks inherent in the production of dialysis fluids in a particular context, in order to set up an improvement action plan to improve risk control on the production of dialysis fluids.

中国玫瑰痤疮临床特征分析和诊断标准再探讨

【摘要】 目的 在分析玫瑰痤疮临床特征的基础上，提出中国玫瑰痤疮诊断标准并验证其敏感性和特异性。方法 纳入2017年12月至2018年7月于中南大学湘雅医院皮肤科门诊初诊的3 350例玫瑰痤疮患者，分析患者表型及临床特征，提出改良版中国玫瑰痤疮诊断标准。全国28个中心对该标准进行临床验证，纳入2 269例玫瑰痤疮和2 408例其他面部皮肤病患者，与2017版美国国家玫瑰痤疮专家委员会（NRSEC）制订的国际诊断标准比较，评估其敏感性和特异性。结果 3 350例玫瑰痤疮患者均存在面中部持续性红斑（100%）。在1 861例主要表现为面颊部红斑的患者中，1 850例（99.4%）在红斑之前或同时出现阵发性潮红；在1 489例主要表现为鼻或口周部红斑的患者中，仅52例（3.5%）发生阵发性潮红； 342例有肥大增生的患者均在肥大增生改变之前发生持续性红斑。基于以上临床特征提出，面颊部可周期性加重的伴有阵发性潮红的持续性红斑，可诊断为玫瑰痤疮；对于表现为鼻、口周部持续性红斑的患者，需合并至少1项选择性表型（阵发性潮红、毛细血管扩张、丘疹脓疱、肥大增生改变或眼部症状）才可诊断为玫瑰痤疮。全国多中心临床验证结果显示，改良版中国玫瑰痤疮诊断标准敏感性为99.6%，接近国际标准100%，特异性为91.9%，而国际标准为73.3%。结论 改良版中国玫瑰痤疮诊断标准具有良好的敏感性和特异性，也更有利于增生肥大型玫瑰痤疮的早期诊断。     

Direct Identification of Enteroviruses in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Suspected Meningitis by Nested PCR Amplification

Enteroviruses, the most common human viral pathogens worldwide, have been associated with serous meningitis, encephalitis, syndrome of acute flaccid paralysis, myocarditis and the onset of diabetes type 1. In the future, the rapid identification of the etiological agent would allow to adjust the therapy promptly and thereby improve the course of the disease and prognosis. We developed RT-nested PCR amplification of the genomic region coding viral structural protein VP1 for direct identification of enteroviruses in clinical specimens and compared it with the existing analogs. One-hundred-fifty-nine cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from patients with suspected meningitis were studied. The amplification of VP1 genomic region using the new method was achieved for 86 (54.1%) patients compared with 75 (47.2%), 53 (33.3%) and 31 (19.5%) achieved with previously published methods. We identified 11 serotypes of the Enterovirus species B in 2012, including relatively rare echovirus 14 (E-14), E-15 and E-32, and eight serotypes of species B and 5 enteroviruses A71 (EV-A71) in 2013. The developed method can be useful for direct identification of enteroviruses in clinical material with the low virus loads such as CSF.     

三重组合口腔护理在口腔颌面外科护理中的应用

目的：探讨三重组合口腔护理（冲洗器冲洗＋口腔含漱＋传统擦拭）在口腔颌面外科护理中的应用效果。方法选择2010年12月至2012年12月在我院行口腔颌面术的患者200例，随机分为观察组与对照组，每组100例，观察组采用冲洗器冲洗＋口腔含漱＋传统擦拭护理，对照组采用冲洗器冲洗＋传统擦拭的护理方法，比较两组患者口腔清洁度、口腔舒适度及舌苔的变化。结果观察组患者口腔清洁程度、口腔舒适度、舌苔情况均明显好于对照组患者，组间差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05），两组患者均未发生不良反应。结论三重组合口腔护理能有效防治舌苔增厚，提高口腔清洁度与舒适度，提高患者生存质量，值得推广应用。     

Impact of oral resuscitation on circulating and splenic leukocytes after burns

BackgroundHemodynamic aberrations after severe burns are treated with aggressive intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation however, oral resuscitation has been proposed in resource poor scenarios. Previously we have shown that animals receiving oral fluid following burns were able to recover kidney function. However, immune function such as circulating and splenic immune cell populations after oral or intravenous fluid administration was not examined. Herein, we perform a follow up analysis of splenic tissue and plasma from the previous animal study to examine the splenic response following these resuscitation strategies after burn injury.MethodsEighteen anesthetized Yorkshire swine receiving 40%TBSA contact burns were randomized to receive either: (1) no fluids (Fluid Restricted; negative control), (2) 70 mL/kg/d Oral Rehydration Salt solution (Oral), or (3) 2 mL/kg/%TBSA/d of lactated Ringer’s solution IV. Blood was drawn for blood cell analysis, and CT scans were performed before and 48 h post-burn, at which point spleens were harvested for histological, Western blot, and RT-PCR analyses.ResultsSplenic artery diameter decreased by −0.97 ± 0.14 mm in fluid-restricted animals, while IV led to an increase of 0.68 ± 0.30 mm. No significant differences were detected in white and red pulp. IV fluids reduced the population of splenic monocytes (CD163; P = 0.001) and neutrophils (MPO protein; P = 0.13), as well as cytokines IL-8 (P = 0.003), IFN-γ (P = 0.11) and TNFα (P = 0.05). Additionally, withholding IV fluids consistently decreased the expression of FoxP3, CCR6, and IL17β in spleen, suggesting a shift in T-cell phenotype with IV resuscitation.ConclusionsThe route of fluid administration has a minor influence on the changes in circulating and splenic leukocytes post-burn in the acute phase. Further research is needed to help guide resuscitation approaches using immunologic markers of splenic function following burns.     

About consistency of Solid's solubility data in supercritical CO2 and some thermodynamic properties estimation

In chemical industry, usual solvents are being replaced by supercritical fluids. Last few years, extraction by these environmentally benign solvents has had much attention and now is considered as the newest separation technology. However, developing new applications and improving existing ones is based on a set of thermodynamic and physical properties of pure solutes related to phase equilibrium for which experimental values cannot be found and consequently, there is an increase need for accurate estimates of these properties. This paper is interested firstly to a thermodynamic property which is the Krichevskii parameter and secondly to a thermophysical one which is the sublimation pressure. First parameter is considered as a governor of thermodynamic properties in binary dilute mixtures near the solvent's critical point and can be calculated from some rigorous relationships and in this paper a review and a new way for its estimation are presented based on consistency of solid's solubility data in supercritical fluids and dilute solution theory. Second parameter is considered as the predominant influencer on solubility in supercritical fluids and unavailability of its experimental values presents an obstacle to thermodynamic modeling of solubility data. For this reason and as a second step, in this paper we present a new manner for its estimation. Obtained results are relevant, very promising for each considered property and the methodology can be applied for other solutes with more complex structures as Pharmaceuticals (antibiotics, drugs, anti-inflammatories …), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHC) and dyestuffs.     

Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma distribution of anti-α-synuclein IgMs and IgGs in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease

IntroductionUbiquitous naturally occurring autoantibodies (nAbs) against alpha-synuclein (α-syn) may play important roles in the pathogenesis of Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, we reported reduced high-affinity/avidity anti-α-syn nAbs levels in plasma from MSA and PD patients, along with distinct inter-group immunoglobulin (Ig)G subclass distributions. The extent to which these observations in plasma may reflect corresponding levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is unknown.MethodsUsing competitive and indirect ELISAs, we investigated the affinity/avidity of CSF anti-α-syn nAbs as well as the CSF and plasma distribution of IgG subclasses and IgM nAbs in a cross-sectional cohort of MSA and PD patients.ResultsRepertoires of high-affinity/avidity anti-α-syn IgG nAbs were reduced in CSF samples from MSA and PD patients compared to controls. Furthermore, anti-α-syn IgM nAb levels were relatively lower in CSF and plasma from MSA patients but were reduced only in plasma from PD patients. Interestingly, anti-α-syn IgG subclasses presented disease-specific profiles both in CSF and plasma. Anti-α-syn IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 levels were relatively increased in CSF of MSA patients, whereas PD patients showed increased anti-α-syn IgG2 and reduced anti-α-syn IgG4 levels.ConclusionsDifferences in the plasma/CSF distribution of anti-α-syn nAbs seem to be a common feature of synucleinopathies. Our data add further support to the notion that MSA and PD patients may have compromised immune reactivity towards α-syn. The differing α-syn-specific systemic immunological responses may reflect their specific disease pathophysiologies. These results are encouraging for further investigation of these immunological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases.