The effect of trimodal prehabilitation on the physical and psychological health of patients undergoing colorectal surgery: a randomised clinical trial

Prehabilitation aims to increase the endurance capacity of patients who are awaiting major surgery. However, there are no studies investigating the implementation of this demanding and expensive intervention in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess the impact of a 4-week trimodal prehabilitation program on the physical and psychological health of patients waiting for colorectal surgery compared with a control group managed according to enhanced recovery after surgery principles supplemented by nutritional care. This study was a single-centre, randomised controlled trial. The primary outcome measures for the physical aspects were 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) and incentive spirometry, whereas the psychological elements were measured using the 36-item short form survey questionnaire and the hospital anxiety and depression score. In total, data from 149 patients were analysed (77 in the prehabilitation group and 72 in the control group). At the time of surgery, patients in the prehabilitation group had improved 6MWD and incentive spirometry compared with the control group (median (IQR [range]) percentage improvement 131% (112–173 [68–376]) vs. 107% (99–120 [63–163]); p < 0.001 and 113% (100–125 [75–200]) vs. 100% (100–112 [86–167]); p < 0.001 respectively). Patients in the prehabilitation group also had reduced anxiety scores compared with the control group (mean (SD) anxiety score (4 (3) vs. 5 (3) respectively; p = 0.032). However, these effects did not translate into improvements in postoperative mortality and morbidity, or a reduction in duration of hospital stay. Trimodal (physical, emotional and nutritional) prehabilitation is able to improve functional status as well as some parameters of emotional and physical well-being of patients waiting for colorectal surgery.     

快速康复外科理念在股骨粗隆间骨折患者中应用观察

目的 探讨加速康复外科（ERAS）对股骨近端抗旋髓内钉（PFNA）固定的粗隆间骨折患者的影响。方法 回顾性研究纳入100例粗隆间骨折患者,分为ERAS组（50例）和对照组（50例）,记录两组的住院天数、Harris髋关节评分（HHS）、视觉模拟量表（VAS）、日常生活活动量表（ADL）。结果 ERAS 手术与较短的住院时间、较低的术后VAS评分、较早的活动和术后3个月的平均HHS评分显著改善相关,平均住院时间从6.3±2.8减少到4.9±2.6天。结论 股骨粗隆间骨折患者围手术期接受ERAS处理能够减少住院时间而不增加术后并发症和再入院率。     

Principles of preoperative assessment and enhanced recovery optimization for thoracic anaesthesia

A comprehensive preoperative assessment is imperative for patients undergoing lung surgery, ideally by way of a multidisciplinary team approach. This not only allows for clinicians to risk stratify patients and gain informed consent, but also to explore avenues in optimizing patients prior to surgery and plan for the delivery of the most appropriate postoperative care. A tripartite risk assessment combining risks of operative mortality, perioperative adverse cardiac events and postoperative dyspnoea should be assessed and discussed with patients. Those patients who continue towards surgical management may then be optimized with patient education addressing nutritional status, smoking cessation and alcohol dependency as well as the management of anaemia and physiological prehabilitation. This article aims to review existing guidelines for preoperative assessment in thoracic surgery as well as the latest preoperative guidance for enhanced recovery specific to thoracic surgery.     

普通外科ERAS病房护理敏感指标的构建及其应用

目的:探讨普通外科加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)病房护理敏感指标的构建及其应用价值。方法:结合我院普外科ERAS病房实际情况及文献报道,构建护理敏感指标,并对我院普通外科ERAS病房即护士进行集体培训、考核。以我院普通外科ERAS病房护理敏感指标构建后即2018年7月—2019年8月98例胃肠疾病手术病人为观察组;以普通外科ERAS病房护理敏感指标构建前即2017年5月—2018年6月100例胃肠疾病手术病人为对照组。两组均给予普外科常规护理,观察组另给予ERAS护理;比较两组护理质量、下床活动时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间、医疗费用、术后并发症。结果:观察组专业技术能力[(19.02±2.51)分]、健康教育[(19.18±2.72)分]、服务态度[(19.25±2.52)分]、沟通能力[(19.08±2.47)分]、护理文书书写[(19.36±2.28)分]评分明显高于对照组[(16.84±2.83)分、(17.21±2.77)分、(18.13±2.73)分、(17.27±2.58)分、(16.72±2.46)分](P<0.05或P<0.01)。观察组下床活动时间[(11.3±1.2)h]、肛门排气时间[(19.3±3.8)h]、住院时间[(5.7±0.4)d]、医疗费用(6632±458)元明显低于对照组[(14.6±2.3)h、(24.7±5.4)h、(8.5±1.7)d、(8346±725)元](P<0.001)。观察组并发症发生率(12.24%)明显低于对照组(40.00%)(P<0.001)。结论:普通外科ERAS病房护理敏感指标的构建有利于提高护理质量,促进病人康复,并降低并发症。     

快速康复外科护理在结直肠癌NOSES手术患者中的应用探索

目的探讨快速康复外科护理对结直肠癌NOSES术患者术后恢复效果及心理状况的影响。 方法选取2018年5月至2019年3月在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院行结直肠癌NOSES手术的患者90例为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将其分为实验组和对照组,每组45例。实验组给予快速康复外科护理管理,对照组给予常规护理。观察术后首次排气、排便、离床活动、住院时间及患者焦虑抑郁程度的组间差异。 结果入院时,两组焦虑评分（t=0.744,P=0.461）和抑郁评分（t=-1.879,P=0.066）差异均无统计学意义,具有可比性。实验组在术后48 h焦虑评分低于对照组（t=-5.85,P<0.01）、抑郁评分低于对照组（t=-6.04,P<0.01）,差异有统计学意义。实验组术后首次排气时间短于对照组（t=-2.32,P=0.025）,首次排便时间短于对照组（t=-2.48,P=0.017）,首次离床活动时间早于对照组（t=-3.15,P=0.003）,平均住院时间短于对照组（t=-4.05,P<0.01）,差异均有统计学意义。 结论快速康复外科护理能够有效促进结直肠癌NOSES手术患者的术后恢复、改善焦虑抑郁状况,值得临床推广应用。     

Effects of enteral nutrition support combined with enhanced recovery after surgery on the nutritional status,immune function,and prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer after Ivor-Lewis operation

BackgroundEsophageal cancer (EC) with a high incidence of malnutrition is a highly malignant digestive tract tumor. We investigated the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) support combined with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on the nutritional status, immune function, and prognosis of patients with EC after Ivor-Lewis operation.MethodsOne hundred patients were randomly divided into the observation group (n=42) and the control group (n=58). The patients in observation group were treated with EN combined with ERAS intervention after Ivor-Lewis operation, and the patients in control group were treated with conventional postoperative EN intervention. The situation of operation, nutritional status, immune function recovery and prognosis between the two groups were compared.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in operation time or intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (P>0.05). The chest tube removal time and oral feeding time of the observation group after operation were shorter than those of the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, serum albumin (ALB), transferrin (TF), pre-albumin (PA) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in both groups were significantly decreased. These indexes were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, and IgM, or the numbers of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cells in the observation group before and after intervention (P>0.05); however those indexes were significantly decreased in the control group after the intervention (P<0.05). Interestingly, the levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, CD3⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ T cells and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cells in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after intervention (P<0.05). The incidence of pulmonary infection in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The postoperative exhaust time, postoperative defecation time and postoperative hospital stay were shorter in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in hospitalization cost between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionsEN combined with ERAS was more beneficial to the improvement of nutritional status and immune function recovery of patients with EC after Ivor-Lewis operation. It also shortened the length of hospital stay.     

老年结直肠癌患者腹腔镜根治术围手术期加速康复外科护理标准化工作流程的建立与实施

目的探讨在老年结直肠癌腹腔镜根治术围手术期患者实施加速康复外科护理的过程中建立、实施标准化工作流程的应用效果。 方法收集2018年9月至2019年6月青海大学附属医院收治的行加速康复外科护理的60例老年结直肠癌腹腔镜根治术患者的临床资料,按照随机数字表法分为加速康复外科护理标准化工作流程组30例（标准化组）及常规加速康复外科护理组30例（对照组）,对比两组患者的护理质量评分、患者满意度及不良事件发生率。 结果两组患者进行护理质量评分比较,其中,两组护理评估（t=4.030,P<0.001）、健康教育（t=4.151,P=0.001）、专科护理（t=2.688,P=0.0094）、护理记录书写（t=2.078,P=0.042）经比较,差异均有统计学意义;两组基础护理评分比较,差异无统计学意义（t=0.5678,P=0.5723）。术前满意度比较,两组差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.043,P=0.044）;术后满意度两组差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.192,P=0.023）;出院随访满意度,两组差异有统计学意义（χ²=2.308,P=0.126）。两组不良事件发生情况对照组共计发生2例（6.67%）,标准化组共计发生1例（3.33%）,两组经比较差异无统计学意义。 结论在老年结直肠癌腹腔镜根治术围手术期患者实施加速康复外科护理的过程中建立、实施标准化工作流程,使加速康复外科护理工作更加科学化、规范化、程序化,提高了加速康复外科护理工作质量,降低老年患者不良事件发生率,有助于提升护理队伍专业素质。