Giardia lamblia infection in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia： A prospective study

AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of Giardia lamblia(G.lamblia)infection in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and dyspepsia and to establish which is the mostaccurate test to diagnose the infection in this setting.METHODS:One hundred and thirty-seven patients whoconsecutively attended the Outpatient GastroenterologyClinic for the first time between January 2002 and De-cember 2003 due to symptoms of IBS and/or dyspepsiawere recruited.All patients underwent clinical evaluation,first-step haematology and chemistry tests,serologic as-says for celiac disease,lactose-H2 breath test,abdominalultrasonography,and esophagogastroduodenoscopy.Helicobacter pylori status was evaluated.In patients withsymptoms of IBS older than 45 years,colonoscopy wasalso performed.In all patients,duodenal biopsies andstool samples were examined for trophozoites and cystsof G.lamblia by several methods.RESULTS:G.lamblia was identified in 9 patients.Thefollowing diagnoses were also made:IBS(100/137,73%),functional dyspepsia(62/137,45%),organicdyspepsia(33/137,24%),and lactose intolerance(75/137,55%).A significant association was foundbetween giardiasis and H pylori infection(X~2=6.632,OR=12.4,CI=1.5-68.1).There were no symptomsthat reliably allowed the recognition of giardiasis.Direct search of the parasite in duodenal biopsy andstool sample examinations gave concordant results inall cases while histological examination of duodenal biopsies displayed a low sensitivity(e.g.,22.2%).CONCLUSION:In this consecutive series,diagnosisof G.lamblia infection accounted for 6.5% of patientswith IBS and dyspepsia.Duodenal biopsies for diag-nosis of giardiasis may be unnecessary if stool sampleexamination is performed.     

功能性消化不良与幽门螺杆菌根除治疗

幽门螺杆菌（H．pylori）阳性功能性消化不良（FD）或非溃疡性消化不良（NUD）患者几乎均有慢性和（或）急性活动性炎症的组织学改变，使FD与慢性胃炎的鉴别更为闲难．亦影响了FD患者根除H．pyZo一治疗的研究。罗马Ⅲ诊断标准是以症状学为主的诊断标准，FD仅发生于具有心理调节障碍的特殊易感群体，患者存在中枢神经系统的高敏感性、脑-肠轴调控功能异常以及某些神经介质和神经肽类物质分泌异常．并显示有遗传特征。根除Hpylori可能对部分H．pylori阳性FD患者有益，在仔细评估患者利益和风险的情况下．可考虑对FD患者行根除H．pylori治疗。     

中医药治疗功能性消化不良现状述评

文章从古代著作探讨功能性消化不良（Functional Dyspepsia,FD）的中医病名。FD 的发病与饮食、外邪内居及精神因素有关,病位主要在肝脾胃三脏,肝郁、脾虚及胃气不降为 FD 主要的病机关键,但目前对 FD 的病机演变规律研究深入不足。FD 的治疗有辨证分型、专法专药,以及辨病辨证相结合等,但缺乏严谨有效的评价体系,对患者生活质量也不够重视。     

莫沙必利改善夜间消化不良症状的随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照研究

功能性消化不良（FD）的发病机制尚未完全明了。夜间上腹部症状是影响FD患者生活质量的重要因素。促动力药对夜间FD症状的治疗作用和机制不详。目的：探讨莫沙必利对FD患者夜间消化不良症状的治疗作用。方法：采用随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照的前瞻性设计，连续选取主诉有夜间FD症状（上腹部疼痛、饱胀、嗳气）的患者，经一周安慰剂治疗筛选，无安慰剂治疗反应者分别给予莫沙必利（5mgtid）和安慰剂治疗。治疗前后分别行夜间症状评估以及夜间胃内DH值和胆红素联合检测。结果：共纳入43例有夜间FD症状的患者，28例对安慰剂治疗无反应。治疗后，莫沙必利组夜间上腹部疼痛、饱胀、暖气的症状积分均明显降低（R0．05），夜间胃内pH值和胆红素吸收值〉0．14的时间百分比均明显降低（P〈O．05）；而安慰剂组上述指标无明显差异（P〉O．05）。莫沙必利组夜间症状积分改善程度与夜间胃内pH值和胆红素吸收值〉O．14的时间百分比降低程度有明显相关性（P〈O．05）。结论：莫沙必利能显著改善夜间FD症状．其机制可能与减轻夜间胃十二指肠胆汁反流有关。     

伊托必利治疗功能性消化不良的Meta分析

目的 根据现有的临床研究评价伊托必利治疗功能性消化不良(FD)的疗效与安全性.方法 检索Cochrane图书馆、EMBASE、PubMed、Elsevier、科学引文索引数据库、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库中有关伊托必利治疗FD的随机对照试验(RCT)文献,并提取纳入研究的特征信息,计数资料采用相对危险度(RR)值,计量资料采用加权均数差(WMD),根据异质性检验结果选择相应的效应模型,绘制漏斗图评定有无发表偏倚.结果 共有9项RCT符合纳入研究标准,2620例FD中有1372例接受伊托必利治疗,1248例接受安慰剂或其他药物对照治疗.伊托必利对FD患者的总体症状疗效、餐后饱胀疗效、早饱疗效的RR值分别为1.11(95％CI为1.01～1.21,P=0.02)、1.18(95％CI为1.04～1.33,P＜0.01)、1.24(95％CI为1.01～1.53,P=0.04),均优于对照组,但在上腹不适疗效方面差异无统计学意义.Leeds消化不良问卷(LDQ)积分疗效的WMD值为-1.38(95％CI为-1.75～-1.01,P＜0.01)伊托必利伏于对照组.在安全性方面,伊托必利与对照组不良反应发生率相似.各观察指标的漏斗图均基本呈现下宽上窄左右对称的图形,提示无发表偏倚.结论 伊托必利对于FD患者的总体症状、餐后饱胀、早饱、LDQ积分有较好的疗效,且不良反应发生率较低.     

Intestinal fructose malabsorption is associated with increased lactulose fermentation in the intestinal lumen

Objective

To study fructose malabsorption in children and adolescents with abdominal pain associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders. As an additional objective, the association between intestinal fructose malabsorption and food intake, including the estimated fructose consumption, weight, height, and lactulose fermentability were also studied.

Enfermedades relacionadas con la infección por Helicobacter pylori

This article summarizes the main conclusions drawn from the presentations on Helicobacter pylori at Digestive Disease Week 2013. Knowledge of this infection among the general population continues to be extremely limited. H. pylori is the main cause of “aging” of the human stomach. In developed countries, the prevalence of H. pylori infection has decreased but continues to be considerable. In most countries, clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance rates are markedly high. H. pylori eradication improves the symptoms of functional dyspepsia, but only in a minority of patients. The frequency of idiopathic peptic ulcers seems to be rising and their prognosis is worse. Most patients with gastric cancer have, or have had, prior H. pylori infection. The risk of developing preneoplastic lesions depends on the type (strain) of the microorganism. To prevent the development of gastric cancer, eradication therapy should be administered early (before the development of intestinal metaplasia). Among H. pylori-infected patients, those who receive long-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors more frequently develop preneoplastic lesions. In patients who undergo endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer, H. pylori eradication reduces the incidence of metachronous tumors. Eradication therapy induces regression of MALT lymphoma in most patients and tumoral recurrence in the long term is exceptional; eradication is a reasonable option even when H. pylori infection has not been identified in patients with MALT lymphoma. Several diagnostic innovations were presented, such as some polymerase chain reaction techniques for use in gastric biopsy specimens or gastric juice. The efficacy of triple standard therapy is clearly inadequate. The superiority of “sequential” therapy over standard triple therapy has not been definitively established. “Concomitant” therapy is more effective and is simpler than “sequential” therapy. After failure of standard triple therapy, second-line levofloxacin–based schemes for 10 days are effective and are also simpler and better tolerated than bismuth-based quadruple therapy. Levofloxacin-based triple therapy is also a promising alternative after failure of “sequential” and “concomitant” therapies. New-generation quinolones, such as moxifloxacin, could be useful as eradication therapy, especially as rescue therapy. After failure of clarithromycin-based triple therapy, followed by that of levofloxacin-based triple therapy, a bismuth-based quadruple scheme is an acceptable alternative. Even after the failure of 3 eradication therapies, a fourth empirical rescue therapy (with rifabutin) can be effective.