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目的探究沙库巴曲缬沙坦对射血分数减低型心力衰竭(HFrEF)患者的肾功能、血压及电解质的影响并分析造成肾功能恶化(WRF)的相关危险因素。方法选取2019年10月至2020年1月于徐州医科大学附属医院心内科就诊的HFrEF患者104例,根据用药不同分为两组,其中观察组为接受沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗者54例(ARNI组),对照组为接受盐酸贝那普利治疗者50例(ACEI组),分别对两组患者进行6个月的随访,观察治疗前后两组患者血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、胱抑素C(CysC)、尿酸(UA)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及血电解质的变化,分析造成WRF的相关危险因素。结果随访6个月后,两组患者SCr水平较用药前均明显升高(P<0.05),但ARNI组SCr水平增加幅度明显低于ACEI组(5.76μmol/L vs.14.54μmol/L,P<0.05),且WRF发生率(16.7%)低于ACEI组(22.0%),而两组间BUN、CysC及UA的变化无明显差异(P>0.05)。ARNI组患者血压较基线平均降低12.11/4.68 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133kPa),ACEI组患者血压较基线平均降低6.63/3.04 mmHg,两组相比,ARNI组SBP下降幅度更大(P<0.05),而DBP的下降幅度组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗前后,ARNI组及ACEI组血钾、血钠、血钙及血磷水平无显著改变(P>0.05),组间也无明显差异。通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析发现,年龄≥75岁是造成WRF的重要危险因素。结论与ACEI相比,ARNI能延缓HFrEF患者肾功能进展,降压效果较强。  相似文献   
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Oxidative stress and inflammation are two possible mechanisms related to nephrotoxicity caused by environmental pollutants. Ellagic acid, a powerful antioxidant phytochemical, may have great relevance in mitigating pollutant-induced nephrotoxicity and preventing the progression of kidney disease. This review discusses the latest findings on the protective effects of ellagic acid, its metabolic derivatives, the urolithins, against kidney toxicity caused by heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and organic air pollutants. We describe the chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antiautophagic, and antiapoptotic properties of ellagic acid to attenuate nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we present the molecular targets and signaling pathways that are regulated by these antioxidants, and suggest some others that should be explored. Nevertheless, the number of reports is still limited to establish the efficacy of ellagic acid against kidney damage induced by environmental pollutants. Therefore, additional preclinical studies on this topic are required, as well as the development of well-designed clinical trials.  相似文献   
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目的探讨肾周脂肪梅奥粘连概率评分系统(MAP)在肾癌后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中的临床应用价值。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年6月徐州医科大学附属淮安医院泌尿外科收治的行后腹腔镜肾部分切除术的153例肾癌患者的临床病例资料。依据MAP评分系统将其分为低度复杂组、中度复杂组和高度复杂组三组。比较各组间的手术时间、术中出血量、术中及术后并发症、术中热缺血时间、术后住院时间及术后血肌酐变化情况。 结果在153例患者中,低度复杂组68例,中度复杂组58例和高度复杂组27例。三组患者在年龄、性别、术前血肌酐水平、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤位置、BMI、RENAL评分等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随着复杂程度的提高,手术时间、术中出血量也在不断增加(P<0.05);而术中热缺血时间、术后住院时间及术后血肌酐水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。在术中并发症方面,随着复杂程度的提高,术中并发症的发生率也在增加(P<0.05),且高度复杂组的术后并发症发生风险是低度复杂组的13.895倍(P=0.002),MAP评分系统预测术中并发症发生的精度较高(AUC=0.757,P=0.002)。但是术后并发症各组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论MAP评分系统在肾癌后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中,对预估手术难度及术中并发症发生风险有较好的临床应用价值。  相似文献   
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BackgroundFimH adhesin is proposed to enhance Escherichia coli kidney infection by acting with PapGII adhesin, but genetic epidemiology study and animal study have not been widely conducted to confirm this hypothesis.MethodsWe compared the prevalence of adhesin gene and their coexistent pattern between upper and lower urinary tract infection (UTI) strains. fimH mutant (EC114FM), papGII mutant (EC114PM) and fimH/papGII double mutant (EC114DM) were constructed from a pylonephritogenic strain (EC114). We compared among these strains for the infection ability in bladders and kidneys of female BALB/c mice challenged transurethrally with these bacteria and assessed 1, 3, and 7 days after inoculation.ResultsStrains carrying fimH-only genotype were significantly more prevalent in lower UTI (P < 0.001). Strains carrying the fimH/papGII, but not papGII-only, were significantly associated with upper UTI (P = 0.001). Incidence of kidney infection increased after inoculation with EC114 on days 1 and 3, at both low and high dose, as compared with EC114DM; and the effect was greater than the sum of individual effect of EC114PM and EC114FM. Geometric means of quantitative bacterial counts in the kidneys significantly decreased when challenged with EC114FM on days 3 and 7, EC114PM on day 3 and EC114DM on day 1 after inoculation at high dose, as compared with EC114 (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsWe confirmed the advantage and synergistic action of FimH and PapGII for E. coli kidney infection and concluded that antagonists against FimH and PapGII adhesin may prevent kidney infection and enable its management.  相似文献   
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Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei (T. marneffei) is an important pathogenic thermally dimorphic fungus in Southeast Asia that leads to a life-threatening systemic mycosis in immunodeficient hosts, especially in AIDS patients. With the increasing AIDS epidemic, the number of patients with T. marneffei infections in mainland China has increased rapidly in recent years. The infection can be life-threatening in people with immunodeficiencies, such as HIV, organ transplantations, autoimmune diseases, and malignant tumors. Here, we present a disseminated T. marneffei infection case in a renal transplant recipient successfully treated with voriconazole followed by itraconazole. We describe the patient's clinical progression from onset symptoms to recovery and review the additional 14 published cases with T. marneffei infections in renal transplant recipients. In addition, we discuss the route of infection and treatment strategies of T. marneffei. Our data suggest that patients with kidney transplantations in T. marneffei infection-endemic areas should presume the possibility of infection and initiate appropriate antifungal treatment.  相似文献   
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目的:研究脑、肠、肾区域血氧饱和度(rSO2)预测小儿先天性心脏病术后急性肾损伤(AKI)发生的价值。方法:选择2020年1—12月在上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心进行体外循环先天性心脏病纠治术、体重大于2.5?kg且年龄在1岁及以下的患儿57例。采用近红外光谱连续监测患儿术后48?h内脑、肠、肾rSO2。比较AKI组与非AKI组,以及发生与未发生2级及以上AKI患儿脑、肠、肾rSO2的变化差异,并采用ROC曲线分析肠、肾rSO2对术后发生AKI及严重程度的预测价值。结果:57例患儿中,38例(66.7%)发生AKI,其中AKI 1级18例(47.4%),AKI 2级9例(23.7%),AKI 3级11例(28.9%),AKI总发生率约为66.7%。AKI组与非AKI组脑rSO2的变化差异无统计学意义(F=0.012,P>0.05),但AKI组肠rSO2和肾rSO2明显低于非AKI组(F=5.017和5.003,均P<0.05)。发生与未发生2级及以上AKI患儿脑rSO2的变化差异无统计学意义(F=0.311,P>0.05),但发生2级及以上AKI患儿肠rSO2和肾rSO2均低于未发生2级及以上AKI患儿(F=6.431和14.139,均P<0.05)。对术后AKI的预测效能进行分析发现,24?h内肠rSO2的诊断效能较好,其中术后3?h肠rSO2诊断AKI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.823,以术后3?h肠rSO2低于85%预测AKI的敏感度为66.7%、特异度为89.5%;24~48?h肾rSO2的诊断效能较好,其中术后31?h肾rSO2诊断AKI的AUC为0.918,以术后31?h肾rSO2低于84%预测AKI的敏感度为72.2%、特异度为84.2%。对术后发生2级及以上AKI的预测效能进行分析发现,24?h内肠rSO2的诊断效能较好,其中术后3?h肠rSO2诊断2级及以上AKI的AUC为0.829,以术后3?h肠rSO2低于84%预测2级及以上AKI的敏感度为62.2%、特异度为90.0%;24~48?h肾rSO2的诊断效能较好,其中术后34?h肾rSO2诊断2级及以上AKI的AUC为0.826,以术后34?h肾rSO2低于71%预测2级及以上AKI的敏感度为91.9%、特异度为55.0%。结论:肠、肾rSO2不仅对术后AKI发生有较好的预测作用,同时对AKI的严重程度也有较好的预测效能。  相似文献   
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Therapies based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab, have proven effective in the treatment of metastatic urological neoplasms. Recently, it has been hypothesized that the use of this type of treatment prior to surgery could lead to an increased difficulty in renal and bladder surgeries. The literature concerning this topic, however, is still scarce and non-consensual. In our systematic review, we used the PRISMA guidelines methodology to search the pertinent literature available up to June 18, 2020 in PubMed. Additionally, we searched the related grey literature in the abstracts of the meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), American Society of Clinical Oncology Genitourinary (ASCO-GU), European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO), and American Urological Association (AUA) from 2015 to 2020. We were able to find only 16 publications that addressed the use of ICIs prior to surgery in kidney and bladder neoplasms. The results were conflicting, and usually the issue of surgical difficulties after the use of ICIs was not directly approached. We hope that our publication may raise the awareness towards the need to further investigate the effects of neoadjuvant ICIs on surgical outcomes in urologic cancers.  相似文献   
10.
IntroductionThere is no consensus on the most appropriate treatment for chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (cAMR). Recent studies suggest that treatment with tocilizumab (TCZ) may stabilize graft function, decrease the intensity of donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSAs) and reduce inflammation of microcirculation.Patients and methodsObservational study with renal allograft recipients diagnosed with cAMR (n = 5) who had not submitted a response to traditional treatment based on the combination of plasma replacements, immunoglobulins, and rituximab. Patients were told to be treated with TCZ as compassionate use in six doses per month (8 mg/kg/month). Renal function, proteinuria, and the intensity of DSAs were monitored during follow-up.ResultsFive patients, average age 60 ± 13 years, three male and two retrasplants (cPRA average 55%) with preformed DSAs. Treatment with TCZ was initiated within 47 ± 52 days of biopsy. In two cases treatment was discontinued after the first dose, by severe bicitopenia with cytomegalovirus viremia and by graft failure, respectively. In the three patients who completed treatment, no stability of renal function (serum creatinine from 1.73 ± 0.70 to 2.04 ± 0.52 mg/dL, e-FGR 4 6 ± 15 to 36 ± 16 mL/min), showed increased proteinuria (3.2 ± 4.0 to 6.9 ± 11.0 g/g) and the intensity of DSAs maintain stable. No changes were observed in the degree of inflammation of microcirculation (g + pt 4.2 ± 0.8 vs. 4.3 ± 1.0) or in the degree of transplant glomerulopathy (cg 1.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.8 ± 1.0).ConclusionsTCZ therapy does not appear to be effective in modifying the natural history of chronic active antibody-mediated rejection, does not improve the degree of inflammation of microcirculation and does not reduces the intensity of DSAs.  相似文献   
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